Qorshaha Shanta Sanno ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, miiska, sano ah, mashaariicda dhismaha weyn. warshadaynta Socialist

Inay is barbar dhigaan hore iyo tan imika loo baahan yahay in la hagaajiyo mustaqbalka, waa la jecel yahay ma inuu ku soo celiyo aqoonla'aanta ku awowayaashood. USSR - vnosshaya ka awood mar xoog badan oo isku mar kaalin weyn ku ah horumarka bulshada. Mid ka mid ah asaaska nolosha muwaadiniinta Soviet ahaayeen muddo shan sano ah. Sida laga soo xigtay natiijooyinkii ay, taariikhyahanadu xukumo warshadaha ee dalka, is barbar guulaha la soo dhaafay iyo hadiyad, si uu ku ogaado technology fog ayaa ka tagay guud iyo waxa weli qiimihiisu ku dadaalaya. Sidaas daraaddeed, mawduuca of this article - qorshe shan-sano ee USSR. Shaxda hoose waxay kaa caawin doona si uu u qaabeeyo aqoonta la helay oo si macquul ah.

First Five-Sano (1928-1932)

Sidaas daraaddeed, 1 qorshe shan-sano bilaabay magaca hantiwadaagga. Country ka dib markii Revolution loo baahan yahay in warshadaynta, si si uu ula socdo awoodaha keentay Yurub. Waxaa intaa dheer, keliya macnaha ah qasbay awood-dhisidda warshadaha ay suurto gal ahayd in la mideeyo dalka oo keeni Midowga Soofiyeeti in heerka cusub ee ciidamada, iyo sidoo kale kor u qaadaan heerka beeraha dhul badan oo dhan. Sida laga soo xigtay dawladda, loo baahan yahay qorshe adag oo hufan.

Sidaas darteed, ujeedada ugu weyn ee ay ahayd in loo kordhiyo Soo dhisid ciidan si degdeg ah.

Hawlaha ugu muhiimsan ee qorshaha ugu horeysay shan sano ah

At XIV Congress of CPSU ah (b), dhamaadka 1925, Stalin ka muujiyay fikradda ah in aad u baahan tahay inay u beddesho USSR ka dal galinta hubka iyo qalabka laga keeno dalka, taas oo dhan waxay soo saari karaan iyo sahayda in dalalka kale. Dabcan, waxaa jira dad ay muujiyeen dibad ah sintaan Haweejkiinna dhexdooda, laakiin opinion intooda badan, uu depress yahiin. Stalin noqday xiiso xaqiiqda ah in shantii sano ee ugu horeeyay ee dalka keeno hogaanka adigoo meel ugu horeysay ee wax soo saarka ee steel. Sidaas darteed, habka of warshadaynta ahaa in la qabto 4 marxaladood:

1. gaadiidka cusboonaysiinta kaabayaasha.
2. Balaadhinta warshadaha ee la xidhiidha wax soo saarka ee qalabka iyo beeraha.
3. Qaybin ah shirkadaha dawladdu leedahay gayiga.
4. Isbedelka dhismaha tamarta.

All afar ka mid ah geeddi-socodka ma aha sidoo kale, iyo intricately isku maran. Sayidka bilaabay qorshe shan sanno ah oo ka mid ah warshadaha ee dalka 1.

All fikrado la keeno, nolosha ma, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wax soo saarka warshadaha culus kordhay karaan ku dhowaad 3 jeer, iyo injineernimada - 20 jeer. Dabcan, sida dhamaystirka mashruuca guul ah ayaa sababay Raalli ahaanshaha arrin dabiici ah ee dawladda. Dabcan, way adag tahay, waayo, dadka la siiyey qorshaha ugu horeysay shan sano ee USSR. miiska A la natiijooyinka ugu horeysay ee ka mid ah kuwan la jira lahaa in erayada soo socda sida dhigyo ama Cinwaan: "Waxa ugu weyn ee - si ay u bilaabaan!"

Waxay ahayd waqti this waxaa jira wax badan oo ka mid ah qoranayaan boodhadhka ka tarjumaya ujeedada ugu weyn oo aqoonsiga ee dadka Soviet.

mashaariicda dhismaha Major wakhtigaas ahaayeen miinooyinka dhuxusha ee Donbass iyo Kuzbass ah, Magnitogorsk qodniinka- Isku. Tani waxay ogol yahay in ay gaadhaan madax banaani dhaqaale ee USSR. The dhismaha ugu caansan - waxay Dnieper. Sanadka 1932-kii ayaa la calaamadeeyay ma aha oo kaliya dhamaadka qorshaha ugu horeysay shan sano ah, laakiin inta badan dhismaha culus.

awood New by aadamiga iyo soohdin xoojisaa xaalka ee Europe.

Shan-Year Plan tirada laba (1933-1937)

Second Five-Year Plan ee wareegyada sare waxaa loo bixiyey "qorshaha shanta sano ee collectivization" ama "waxbarashada dadweynaha." Waxa lagu ansixiyay VII Congress of CPSU ah (b). Ka dib markii dalka warshadaha culus oo loo baahan yahay in horumarinta dhaqaalaha. Waa gudbikaraa this, iyo waxa uu noqday Ujeedada ugu weyn ee qorshaha labaad oo shan sanno ah.

The tilmaamaha ugu weyn ee ka mid ah shantii labaad

Ciidamada ugu weyn iyo dhaqaalaha dawladda ee bilowga ah "qorshaha shanta sano ee collectivization" ayaa diiradda lagu saaray dhismaha dhirta qodniinka-. Waxaa jiray ku-Ural Kuzbass, ha Dnieper ugu horeysay hadda. Dalku ma ku Hadhi ka danbeeya in horumarka sayniska. Sidaas darteed, qeybtii labaad shan sano calaamadeeyay degtey ugu horeysay ee duulaan North Pole Papanin muuqday saldhiga kala horjeeda SP-1. Si firfircoon uga dhiso dhulka hoostiisa ah.

Wakhtigan, culays weyn la saaray tartanka hantiwadaagga ka mid ah shaqaalaha. The durbaan garaace Qorshaha Shanta-Sano ugu caansan - Aleksey Stahanov. In 1935 wuxuu dhigay rikoor cusub by socda hal heerka wareeg 14 wareeg.

Saddexaad Five-Sano (1938-1942)

Laga bilaabo xilliga saddexaad oo shan sanno ah astaan dhigyo ah: "! Kor Qabo iyo dhaafo wax soo saarka per capita ee wadamada horumaray" Dadaalka ugu weyn ee xukuumadda ayaa loogu talagalay in lagu sii kordhaya difaaca ee dalka, iyo sidoo kale in shantii sano ee ugu horeeya, maxaa yeelay, kuwaas oo soo gaaray wax soo saarka ka mid ah waxyaalaha la isticmaalo dad.

Qorshaha Tilmaamaha Saddexaad Five-Sano

By bilowgii 1941, ku dhawaad kala badh (43%), caasimada dalka ee ahaa in kor loo qaado heerka warshadaha culus. Ka hor dagaalka ka dhacay USSR ah, ee Urals iyo Siberia degdeg ah u koraya shidaalka iyo tamarta saldhig. Lagama maarmaanka u ah dawladda ahaa abuurista "labaad Baku" - aagga cusub ee wax soo saarka saliidda, kaas oo loogu talagalay in ay dhacaan inta u dhexaysa ka Volga iyo Urals ah.

fiiro gaar ah la siin jiray in taangiga, diyaaradaha iyo dhirta kale ee noocan oo kale ah. Oo aad u kordhay heerka wax soo saarka ee qolofka rasaas iyo madaafiic. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, gacmaha USSR weli Ree dambeeya galbeed, gaar ahaan ka German ah, laakiin arrinta of noocyo cusub oo hub aan run ahaantii si dhaqso ah, xataa bilood ee hore ee dagaalka.

Tan afraad Five-Sano (1946-1950)

Dagaalka ka dib, dalalkii oo dhammu waxay u lahaa inaan soo nooleeyo ay wax soo saarka iyo dhaqaalaha, USSR ku guulaysteen ku dhowaad si buuxda u sameeyey in ka 40eeyaha goor dambe marka ay bilowday muddo afraad. Qorshaha Shanta-Sano looma jeedo Soo dhisid ciidan, sida ka hor, laakiin nooleenta ee dhammaan dhinacyada nolosha dadweynaha badiyay intii lagu jiray dagaalka.

The guulaha ugu waaweyn ee qorshaha afaraad shan sano ah

Just laba sano la gaaray heer la mid ah ee wax soo saarka warshadaha, taas oo ka hor dagaalka, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in ay qorshaynayso qorshaha shanta sano labaad iyo saddexaad u hormarsataan heerarka qalliinka adag. In 1950, goobaha ugu weyn ee wax soo saarka ayaa ku soo laabtay heerka 1940. Markii muddo shan sano ah ku dhamaatay 4, warshadaha koray by 41% iyo dhismaha dhismayaasha - 141%.

Si dib u soo gelida Dnieper cusub, dib oo dhan miinooyinka ee Donbass. On note in qorshaha 4 shan sanno ah.

Fifth Five-Sano (1951-1955)

Inta lagu guda jiro Qorshaha Shanta-Sano Fifth hubka badan qaaradda, u muuqataa ugu horeysay ee NPP dunida ee Obninsk, iyo horraantii 1953 post ee madaxa gobolka halkii I. V. Stalina qaadataa N. S. Hruschov.

guulaha Major shanaad Five

Sida maalgelinta wax soo saarka labo jeer kor u kacay, iyo kor u muda ah wax soo saarka (71%), beeraha - 25%. Si dhakhso ah, dhirta bir cusub waxaa la dhisay - Caddaan iyo Cherepovets. On strip ugu horeeyay ee si buuxda ama qayb ahaan la sameeyo Tsimlyanskaya iyo Gorkovskaya HPP. Dhamaadka sayniska shanaad shan sano ah oo aan ka maqlay oo ku saabsan bambooyin qaaradda iyo hydrogen.

Ugu dambeyntii, marka hore waxaa la dhisay Volga-Don channel iyo Omsk sifeeysa saliidda, heerka aad u kordhay macdanta dhuxusha. Iyo 12.5 milyan oo hektar oo dhul cusub ayaa galay wareegga.

Sixth Five-Sano (1956-1960)

In ka badan 2 500 shirkadood ee ugu weyn galay hawlgalka, marka qorshaha lixaad oo shan sanno ah. Marka ay dhamaato waxaa ka mid ah, in 1959, waxa ay bilaabeen qorshe isku midka ah toddoba sano. dakhliga National kordhay 50%. Investments in muddo this ayaa mar kale labanlaabmay, taas oo keentay in horumarka ballaaran ee warshadaha iftiinka.

The guulaha ugu waaweyn ee Plan Sixth Five-Sano ah

wax soo saarka guud ee warshadaha iyo beeraha kordhay in ka badan 60%. Waxay la dhammeeyo Gorky, Volga ah, Kuibyshev iyo Irkutsk HPP. By dhamaadka qorshaha shanta sano dhisay dhagax worsted ugu weyn dunida ee Ivanovo. In Kazakhstan, waxay bilaabeen horumarinta firfircoon ee dalalkan oo bikrad ah. Midowga Soofiyeeti dambeyntii leeyihiin gaashaan gantaal nuclear.

satellite ugu horeysay adduunka ee la bilaabay October 4, 1957. dadaalka cajiib ah horumarinta warshadaha culus. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta badan waxay ahaayeen fashilaad, dowladda abaabulay qorshaha toddoba sano ah, taas oo ka mid ah qorshe shan-sannaddiisii toddoba iyo labadii sano ee la soo dhaafay of lixaad.

Toddobaad Five-Sano (1961-1965)

Sida aad ogtahay, in April 1961 dadka ugu horeysay ee adduunka duulay meel. Dhacdadani waxa ay ku calaamadsan bilowgii qorshe toddobaad oo shan sanno ah. dakhliga National sii wadaan in ay koraan in ka badan shanta sano ee soo socda, sii kordhaya ku dhawaad 60%. Heerka wax soo saarka guud ee warshadaha ayaa kordhay 83%, beeraha - 15%.

By bartamihii 1965-Midowga Soofiyeeti qaaday meel sare on ore dhuxusha iyo birta ah iyo sidoo kale wax soo saarka ee sibidhka, taas oo aan la yaab leh. Wadanku waxa uu weli si firfircoon horumariyo warshadaha culus iyo warshadaha dhismaha, magaalada koray indhaha iyada, iyo dhismayaasha xoog leh u baahan cement.

Sideedaad Qorshaha Shanta-Sano (1966-1970)

qorshe shan-sano ma ka dhigan tahay wax soo saarka ee qalabka iyo dhismaha dhismayaasha cusub iyo warshadaha. Cities sii si loo ballaariyo. Madaxweynenimada yimaado L. I. Brezhnev. Intii lagu guda jiray shantii sano, waxaa jira saldhigyada dhulka hoostiisa badan, ka-West Siberian iyo Karaganda qodniinka- Plant, warshadii ugu horaysay baabuur Vaz (Issue:. 600 kun oo baabuurta sannadkii), Krasnoyarsk HPP - saldhigga ugu weyn ee dunida wakhtigaas.

dhismaha guryaha Active xalin obezdolivaniya dhibaatada (u eg yahay dagaal weli ku celiyay in magaalooyinka waaweyn). Dhamaadkii 1969 in ka badan 5 million deggan guri cusub. Ka dib markii horyaalka Yu. A. Gagarina galay xiddigaha bannaan ayaa u boodboodi weyn weeraryahanka, rover ugu horeysay, ciidda ka moon keenay, mishiinka gaadhay dusha sare ee Venus loo abuuray.

Ninth Five-Sano (1971-1975)

Inta lagu jiro Ninth Five-dhisay in ka badan kun shirkadaha warshadaha, mugga guud ee dabeecadda warshadaha ee alaabta kordhay 45%, iyo beeraha - 15%. Si firfircoon horumarinta baabuurta, baabuurta waxaa cusboonaysiiyey iyo tareennada. Investment ayaa dhaafto 300 billion rubles sano ah.

Horumarinta ee ceelasha saliidda iyo gaaska-dhalista ee Western Siberia keentay in dhismaha ganacsiyo badan, xaareysa dhuumaha ah. Tan iyo muuqaalka kore ee tiro badan oo ah dhirta koray iyo heerka dadka ka shaqeeya, waxa la aasaasay by calaamada "durbaan garaace ee Qorshaha Shanta-Sano Ninth ah", (waayo, heer ay shaqada iyo goobta shaqada).

Tobnaad Five-Sano (1976-1980)

Si firfircoon kor dakhliga qaranka iyo warshadaha mugga saarka bilowday inay hoos tagaan. Haddaba dalka ma u baahan tahay kor u kaca weyn ee ganacsiga, laakiin horumarinta deggan oo dhan ku biirinaya horumarinta warshadaha ayaa had iyo jeer loo baahan yahay.

wax soo saarka Oil inay foodda u yimid, sidaas darteed dhuumaha badan in fidin guud ahaan reer galbeedka Siberia waxaa la dhisay muddo shan sano ah, halkaas oo uu shaqo ayaa sameeyay boqolaal ka mid ah saldhigyada. Oo aad u kordhay tirada qalabka shaqada: cagaf, baabuur.

Kow iyo Five-Sano (1981-1985)

Waayo, Midowga Soofiyeeti bilaabay jeer aad u qasan. Dowladda oo dhan dareemay imaanshiyaha dhibaatada, sababaha oo waxaa jiray kuwo badan, gudaha, dibadda, siyaasadeed iyo dhaqaale. Ugu hal mar ay suurto gal ahayd in la beddelo qaab dhismeedka awoodda, aan laga tanaasulin hantiwadaagga, laakiinse ciduna ma of this soo saaray. Sababtoo ah xiisadda, dadka degan xilalka hoggaamineed ee Gobolka, ayaa si dhakhso ah bedelay. Sayidka, L. I. Brezhnev hadhay Xoghayaha CPSU ilaa 10.11.1982, Yu V. Andropov meel uu qabtay ilaa 13.02.1984, K. In .Chernenko -. Ilaa 03.10.1985.

Waxaa sii si ay u horumariyaan gaaska gaadiidka ka Western Siberia in Western Europe. Dhisay dhuumaha "Urengoy - Pomary - Uzhgorod" cimri 4500 km, gudbaya Mountains Ural ah iyo boqolaal ka mid ah webiyaasha.

Laba iyo tobnaad Five-Sano (1986-1990)

Qorshaha Dambe Five-Year for USSR. Waayo, wakhtigiisa, waxaa la qorsheeyey in ay fuliso istiraatiijiyad dhaqaale muddo-dheer ah, laakiin qorshaha tegey faraha. Waqtigaas, dad badan waxay ahaayeen calaamada dubbihii ragga iyo tobnaad Five-Sano, beeralayda, shaqaalaha iyo khabiiro ah shirkadaha, injineerada qorsheeyay ... (oo waxaa qayb ahaan soobixinta) in uu abaabulo wax soo saarka ee warshadaha iftiinka.

Shan-Year Plan of USSR ah: miiska kooban

Sidaas daraaddeed, waxaannu ku kooban ku qoran qorshaha shanta sano ee USSR. Shaxda in aad fiiro, caawin doonaa in uu abaabulo iyo isku ururiso wax kor ku xusan. Buuggu wuxuu ka kooban yahay qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee qorshaha kasta.

Sida ay adag tahay sida qorshayaashaas, natiijooyinka qorshe shan-sano tusi dulqaadashada iyo geesinimada dadka. Haa, waxaan ahaa ku samaynay oo dhan ma aha. Qorshaha lixaad Five-Sano lahaa in ay "u cusbooneysiin" ay sabab u tahay qorshaha toddoba sano.

Inkastoo ay adag tahay qorshaha shanta sano ee USSR ah (Shaxda - cadeyn toos ah), laakiin dadka Soviet geesinimo leh ula qabsanay sharciyada oo dhan iyo xataa ka hor jadwalka. dhigyo ugu weyn ee dhammaan qorshaha shanta sanno ahayd: "Qorshaha Shanta Sanno ee afar sano!"