Qoraaga Irish, Abwaan iyo Abwaan Bekket Semyuel: Biography A, qoreysa xaqiiqooyinka hal abuur leh oo xiiso badan

Ireland Bekket Semyuel ka mid ah guuleysatay Nobel Prize-ka loo yaqaan Cawaysimina idinkoo suugaanta waa. Aqoon uu shaqada, taas oo uu isticmaalaa in English iyo French, in turjumaad Ruush bilaabay ciyaarta "Sugitaanka Godot". Waxa ay ahayd tii u keenay guusha ugu horeysay Beckett (ee xilli ciyaareedka 1952 - 1953 sano). Waqtigan xaadirka ah, ilaa xad Abwaan caan ah Semyuel Bekket. Ciyaaraa sano kala duwan iyaga by, ku rid tiyaataro badan oo caalamka ah.

Features of play ah "Sugitaanka Godot"

analoogga The ugu horeysay, kaas oo isku dayo inay haleelaan reading Beckett - masraxa a calaamad Maeterlinck. Halkan, sida in Maeterlinck, fahamka macnaha waxa dhacaya waa suuragal ah keliya haddii aadan isku day aadan inuu ku soo bilowdo ka qaybaha xaaladaha nolosha dhabta ah. Kaliya tallaabooyinka kala iibsiga Afka Calaamooyinka bilaabaan in ay qaado ee Muuqaallo ah "Godot," fikradda qoraaga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shuruucda sida kala iibsiga on iyaga u gaar ah waa sidaas oo kala duwan oo mugdi ah, in fudud soo qaado furayaasha suurtogal ma aha. Beckett qudhiisu dhankiisa tilmaamay in uu diiday in uu sharaxo macnaha qarsoon ee tragicomedy.

Sida Beckett qiimeeyey ay hal-abuurka

Wareysi, Samuel, taabashada nuxurka ee uu shaqada, ayaa sheegay in wax kaas oo u shaqeeyo - waa Jaahil ah, kacsi la'aanta. Waxa uu sheegay in waxaa ay sahamiyaan aaggaas, in fannaaniinta dooran inuu gees uga tago sida wax aan waafaqsanayn tahay. Munaasabada kale, Beckett sheegay inuusan ahaa filasoof, oo weligiin akhriyin shuqullada faylosuufiinta, maxaa yeelay, iyagu ma ay wax ka mid ah waxa ay qoraan fahmaan. Waxa uu sheegay in uu ku mashquulsan yahay ma aha fikirka ah, laakiin keliya foomka, taas oo ay muujiyeen. Ma aha xiiso Beckett iyo nidaamka. Hawsha artist ah, in uu ra'yi, - si aad u hesho foomka ku filan oo ay ku wareereen oo qasan in aynu u qayshanno jiritaanka. Waa dhibaato ee foomka waxaa Dhawaaqa go'aanka ah Academy Swedish ah.

asal Beckett

Waa maxay xididdada views Beckett in isaga keentay in jagooyinka xad-dhaaf ah oo kale ah? dunida gudaha qoraaga si ay u caddeeyaan kartaa Biography kooban? Semyuel Bekket, waa in la yiri, ma ahayn qof fudud. The Xaqiiqada of Life ee Samuel sida cilmi fiirsan shuqulkiisa u daadiyaan iftiin badan oo ku saabsan asalka ah ee aragtida dunida qoraaga.

Dhashay Semyuel Bekket (Samuel Beckett) ee Dublin, oo ahaa ina qaniga ah iyo kuwa cibaadaysan Brotestanka. Awoowayaasha qoraaga, Faransiis Huguenots, qarnigii 17aad dhaqaaqay Ireland, ayaa rajeynaya nolol raaxo leh iyo xorriyadda diimaha. Laakiinse Samuu'eel wuxuu tan iyo bilowgii ma qaadan qarniyo ku saleysan diinta fikradaha qoyska. "Waalidkey - oo uu sheegay in - ayaa waxba kama ay Iimaan siiyo."

muddada tababarka, hawlaha baridda

Ka dib markii waxbarashada dugsiga weyn, ka dibna isku Jesuit Trinity College ee Dublin, halkaas oo uu mar bartay Swift, ka dibna Wilde, Beckett laba sano ku hawlan shaqada waxbarashada Belfast, ka dibna u dhaqaaqay Paris iyo shaqeeyay macalinka ah layli ah Ingiriisi at dugsiga caadiga ah Higher ka dibna at Sorbonne ah. Nin Young akhriyey badan oo qorayaasha uu ugu jecel yahay ahaayeen Dante iyo Shakespeare, Socrates iyo Descartes. Laakiin aqoonta ma keenaan is dajiyaan si ay nafta ugu baaxaa. About sanadaha hore uu, uu dib u soo celin: "Waxaan ku faraxsaneyn waan dareemi karaa in aad qof dhan oo kor saaray waxaa la.". Beckett qirtay in aan iqiinna iyo aad u badan ka dadka, gudaheedana sinaba uma ay ka qayb qaataan. Oo markaas waa waqti si ay u dhamaystiraan disorder Beckett labada laftiisa iyo dadka kale.

Sababaha cudurka dunida

Waa maxay xididdada booska isla weynida qaaday by Semyuel Bekket? Uu Biography ma aha mid aad caddayn marayso. Waxaad gudbin karaan jawiga sanctimonious ee qoyska, College Jesuit ee xukunka dilka ah ee: "Ireland - waddankii reer theocrats iyo censors, aan halkaas aan ku noolaan karaan." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in Paris, ka buuxa subversives iyo mucaaradka ee farshaxanka, Beckett ma baxsadaan dareenka jabkii Adkaadaha. Waxa uu la kulmay Paul Valéry, Cesraa Pound iyo Richard Aldington, laakiin mid ka mid ahaa talanti kuwaas ma noqon xujo ruuxiga ah isaga loogu talagalay. Kaliya noqday xoghayaha suugaanta James Joyce, Beckett helay shefe "fiican moral" oo ka dib u sheegay Joyce in uu isaga ka caawiyay in ay fahmaan waxa ujeedada artist ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay qaybsadeen siyaabo - oo keliya ma aha, sababtoo ah xaaladaha nolosha ee (jacayl xiliyo aan gabadhii Joyce in Beckett inay sameeyaan booqashada aan macquul ah inay guriga Joyce ee, oo wuxuu u kacay Ireland), laakiin sidoo kale farshaxanka.

Taasi waxaa xigay Dirirta waxtar leh hooyadeed, isku dayayaan in ay naftooda ka go'een dunida ka baxsan (maalmo ma uu guriga ka tago, qarinayaan ka qaraabada sacoto iyo asxaabtooda ku sugan caajis ah sawiri xafiiska daahyada), safar aan micno ah magaalooyinka Yurub, daaweynta ee rugta caafimaadka ee niyad-jabka ...

ugu horeysay ee suugaanta, wax soo saarka ugu horeysay

Beckett dhigay gabay u safto "Bludoskop" (1930), ka dibna u muuqday maqaalka ku Proust (1931) iyo Joyce (1936), a collection of sheekooyinka gaagaaban iyo buug gabayada. Laakiin waxaan lahaa guusha jirin, hawlahaas, kuwaas oo abuuray Semyuel Bekket. "Murphy" (dib u eegis ku sheeko this ayaa sidoo kale soo dhiciyo) - sheyga of nin dhallinyaro ah si ay London u yimid ka Ireland. novel ayaa waxaa diiday 42 daabacayaasha. Kaliya ee 1938, markii quusan, oo qaba cudurro jirka aan dhammaadka lahayn, laakiin si ka badan ka dhawrsada ay waxtar iyo dhaqaale ahaan ku tiirsan hooyadiis, Bekket Semyuel abid ka tagay Ireland iyo degeen mar kale in Paris, mid ka mid ah daabacayaasha leeyihiin "Murphy". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, buugga la kulmay kursiga. Success yimid ka dib, ma si degdeg ah u noqday caan Bekket Semyuel, kuwaas oo buugaagta lagu yaqaan iyo jeclaaday by badan. Ka hor inta Samuel lahaa adkaysan inta lagu guda jiro SOFHURA.

SOFHURA

Dagaalka qabtay Beckett in Paris, oo wuxuu u kala jeexjeexay ka mid ah go'doomin is-rogay. Life qaaday qaab kale. Xarig iyo dil u noqday mid caadi ah. jiray warbixino ugu xun Beckett in saaxiibbo badan hore bilaabay in ay ka shaqeeyaan dadka ugu. Waayo, isaga, doorasho ma kici. Bekket Semyuel noqday xubin firfircoon ee iska caabin ah oo shaqaysay muddo laba sano ah in kooxaha qarsoodi ah "Star" iyo "ka nasahan", halkaas oo uu yaqaano naaneesta Ireland. xilalka uu ka mid ahaa ururinta macluumaadka, waxaa laga tarjumay galay English, microfilming. Waxaan u lahaa in ay si dekedaha, halkaas oo ciidamada Jarmalka ayaa ku urursan badda tag. Marka Gestapo ka helay kooxda iyo xarig ku bilaabay, Beckett galay dhuumanayo tuulo oo ku yaalla koonfurta of France. Markaas, dhowr bilood oo uu ka shaqeeyay sidii turjumaan ah ee Laanqeyrta Cas ee isbitaalka ciidamada. dagaalka ka dib markii uu la gudoonsiiyey bilad ah "Waayo Service ee Battle". Amarka waxaa of General de Gaulle ayaa yiri: "Beckett, nin Sam of geesinimo weyn ... uu sameeyey shaqada, xitaa halka ay khatar ku dhimanaya."

sano Martial, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ayaa waxba iska badalin habdhaqanka madow Beckett, kaas oo go'aamin doona koorsada ee uu noloshiisa iyo horumar ah ee hal-abuurka. Waxa uu mar sheegay in dunida oo dhan waxba kuma jiraan taagan abuurka ah marka laga reebo.

Guusha dheer la sugayay

Guusha Beckett inuu yimaado sare ee 1950. The tiyaatarada ugu fiican oo Yurub ah ayaa bilaabay in ay u saaray inuu ciyaaro "Sugitaanka Godot". In muddo ah ka soo 1951kii si 1953, uu daabacay Forbrydelsen tiraab ah. Qaybta koowaad - novel ah "Mall The", kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa - "Malone dhinto" iyo saddexaad - "Untitled". Forbrydelsen Tani ayaa qoraaga mid ka mid ah fanaaniinta ugu caansan iyo saameynta badan ee qarnigii 20-erayga. tixaha Kuwanu, taas oo la isticmaalay si loo abuuro qaabab cusub ee tiraab, dhali muuqashadii yar in foomamka suugaanta caadiga ah. Waxa ay ku Faransiis qoraal ah, iyo in yar oo mar dambe Beckett iyaga tarjumay Ingiriisi.

Samuel, ka dib guusha uu play "Sugitaanka Godot", ay go'aansadeen in ay horumariyaan sida riwaayadaha ah. play The "About kuwa kufa oo dhan," waxa la abuuray 1956. In 1950 - 1960 hore. waxaa jiray shuqullada soo socda: ". Days Happy" "Endgame", "Tape Last Krapp ee" iyo Oo waxay saareen aasaaskii tiyaatarka ee aan macquul ahayn ka.

In 1969, Beckett waxaa la guddoonsiiyey abaalmarinta Nobel Prize. Waa inaan sheegaa in Samuel liidata dulqaadan by dareenka korodhay in mar walba oo uu weheliyo, fame. Wuxuu isku raacay in ay aqbalaan Nobel Prize oo kaliya shardi ah in uusan aad u hesho, iyo publisher Faransiiska ee Beckett iyo saaxiibkiis muddo dheer Jérôme Lindon. Xaaladani waxay Oo waxaa rumoobay.

Features tahay Beckett

Bekket Semyuel - qoraaga tixaha iyo ruwaayado badan. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah wakiil impotence aadanaha ee xoogga duruufaha iyo caadooyinka, ka hor inta gubaya meaninglessness nolosha. Marka la soo koobo, qaabdarro ah! Waa hagaag, ha u hadlo aan macquul ahayn. Inta badan, iyo sida view ah aayahooda aadanaha ma baahna.

Khilaaf ka qarxay agagaarka micne lahayn ee suugaanta, ugu horreeya oo dhan, haddii ay tahay sida iyo farshaxanka guud ahaan in la ogol yahay? Laakiin ha noo xusuusataan ereyadii Ireland kale, William Yeats, kuwaas oo uu sheegay in Dadka waa in la fahamsan yahay in xaaladaha oo dhan ay suurtagal tahay, in aysan jirin qosol aad u qadhaadh, sarbeeb aad u ba'an, hamiday aad u cabsi badan ... Waa ay fududahay in la damacsan waxa uu noqon lahaa bulshada, taas oo hababka oo uu macnihiisu yahay tahay xayiraad adag ku soo rogeen. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xad-dhaaf ah loo dalxiis tago in caasinimada - taariikhda, gaar ahaan annagaa leh, waa ogyahay tusaalooyin sida. End, kuwaas oo waayo aragnimo murugo of Procrustes: ciidanka, halkaas oo hawlaha sirdoonka si adag ku koobnayn kuwa ku dhashay xafiisyada xeerarka, lumiya indhaha iyo dhegaha, oo khatar kasta oo cusub iyada dhaco by yaab. Sidaas ma doorasho laakiin inay aqbalaan sharciga ka mid ah hababka of suugaanta aan macquul ahayn. Sida inuu bartay rasmiga ah, xataa soo horjeeda oo ka mid ah aragtida Beckett ma diidi uu xirfad - dabcan, qaabka guud ee habka qaatay iyaga by. Laakiin Genrih Bell, tusaale ahaan, in wada hadal ayaa yiri: "Beckett, waxaan aaminsanahay, wax ka xiiso badan tallaabo-baxday".

In 1989, at da'da 83, wuxuu ku Bekket Semyuel dhintay. Poetry iyo tiraab uu, Waxaan u malaynayaa, oo sannado badan noqon doonaa la xiriira.