Qoondaynta of carbohydrates, qiimaha iyo macluumaadka guud oo ku saabsan.

Carbohydrates - xeryahooda organic ee ka kooban taas oo inta badan ka mid ah saddex walxaad kiimikada: Carbon, hydrogen iyo ogsijiin. Dad badan oo carbohydrates ee intaa dheer in walxahaasi ku jira fosfooraska, mastadh, iyo Nitrogendoksid. biopolymers Kuwan waxaa si weyn loo qaybiyey ee dabiiciga ah. Biosynthesis of carbohydrates in dhirta waxaa la sameeyaa iyadoo ay sabab u photosynthesis. Carbohydrates ka samaysan oo ku saabsan 80-90% oo miisaankiisu qalalan dhirta.

In aadanaha, fiirsashada of carbohydrate ku salaysan arrinta qalalan of boqolkiiba 2%. Carbohydrates waa il weyn ee tamarta kiimikada jidhka. Qaybsama of carbohydrates waa muhiim gaar ahaan hawlaha xubnaha qaar. Tusaale ahaan, qaar ka mid ah hay'adaha baahidooda inta badan ay sabab u qaybsama of glucose: maskaxda - by 80%, qalbiga ku - at 70 - 75%. Carbohydrates yihiin shubo ee unugyada ee u shaqeeyo sida nafaqo bedelka (glycogen). Qaar ka mid ah u qabtaan hawlaha taageerada (hyaluronic acid), ay ku lug leeyihiin hawlaha difaaca, dib u dhigto horumarinta microbes (xab) waa salaysan kiimikada loogu talagalay dhismaha taagoo biopolymer, qaybaha xeryahooda tamarta, iwm ah

Qoondaynta of carbohydrates.

All carbohydrates u qaybsan yihiin laba kooxood: monosaccharides (carbohydrates fudud , ama monosaccharides), polysaccharides (carbohydrates adag ama polyose), kaas oo ka kooban a harta yar taagoo monosaccharide wada lala.

Qoondaynta of carbohydrates: monosaccharides.

The monosaccharides ku jiraan group aldehyde ah waxaa loo yaqaan aldoses, iyo kuwa ay ku jiraan group ketonka ah, - ketosis. By ee carbohydrates fudud yihiin aldehyde iyo Keto alcohols tirada carbon ah aan ka yarayn saddex. Sida laga soo xigtay tirada atamka carbon Monosaccharides kala qaybsan yihiin trioses, tetroses, pentoses, hexoses, iwm

Triose. Ma ku jira unugyo iyo dheecaannada jidhka ee foomka of esters of orthophosphoric acid sida wax soo saarka dhexe shiid carbohydrate inta lagu guda jiro dareen diidmo glycolysis iyo halsano. Tetroses. Tan ugu muhiimsan, erythrose ah, ku jira dhar qaab Ester acid orthophosphoric - saarka pentose qayilo carbohydrate dariiqa. Pentose. Inta badan pentose waxaa la aasaasay ee mareenka aadanaha shiidka iyadoo ay sabab u hydrolysis ah pentosans of miraha iyo khudaarta. pentoses Part sameeyay inta lagu guda jiro dheef-dhexaadin, gaar ahaan jidka pentose. In unugyada pentoses ku jiraan xaalad lacag la'aan ah ortofosfatnoi foomka esters acid ku jira xeryahooda tamarta-hodanka ah (ATP), acids nucleic, coenzymes (NADH, qaab) iyo biosoedineny kale oo muhiim ah. Gaar ahaan xusid mudan waa arabinose pentose, ribose, deoxyribose, xylulose. Hexoses. Waxay ka dhaca gobolka oo lacag la'aan ah ka kooban ee polysaccharides iyo xarumaha kale. The wakiillo ugu muhiimsan ee fasalka this of carbohydrates yihiin sonkorta, fructose, galactose, Munoz.

Qoondaynta of carbohydrates: disaccharides.

Disaccharides - waa carbohydrates, taagoo ee taas ku saabsan hydrolysis jabeen laba qaybood oo u taagoo of hexoses. Waayo, disaccharides ka mid ah maltose, sucrose, trehalose, lactose.

Marka magaca disaccharides caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo magacyo taariikh ahaan loo sameeyay (lactose, maltose, sucrose), ugu yaraan - iyo maangalka waydaarsanayeen IUPAC.

Disaccharides - walax crystalline adag, iyo sidoo L. biyo, optically firfircoon, dhadhanka macaan, oo awood u leh in ay hydrolysis acid ama enzymatic, waxay sameyn karaan esters.

Qoondaynta of carbohydrates: gomopolisaharidy iyo heteropolysaccharides. Walxaha ku jira lacag aad u badan gomopolisaharidov harta mid monosaccharide: glucose, Munoz, fructose, xylose, iwm Waxay yihiin (siyaado ah) firaaqada nafaqooyinka meydkiisii (glycogen, inulin, noqde). heteropolysaccharides taagoo ka kooban yihiin tiro badan oo ah monosaccharides kala duwan.