Princess Anne Leopoldovna: Biography gaaban iyo boqornimadii

Masiirka naagtan aad u naxdin leh. Maayso of Ruush Tsar ee Ivan V, Anna Leopoldovna kaliya ayaa xilli yar oo ahaa taliyihii gobolka ugu weyn dunida oo dhan - Russia. Waxay ku dhintay markii ay ahayd oo keliya toddoba iyo labaatan sannadood, oo la soo dhaafay in indhaha iyada ayaa seen - this suuqa kala yar oo dhuuban oo guriga oo kale, kaas oo noqday xabsi ah, wuxuuna si dirqi ah la arki karo ka dib daruuraha samada furan waqooyiga inhospitable. Tani waxa ay ahayd natiijada of Inqilaab ah, taas oo keentay in gabadh kor uguma carshiga Peter I - Elizaveta Petrovna.

Dhallinyarada John V dhaxleyad

Ka hor inta aan hadalka bilaabin ku saabsan cidda Anna Leopoldovna taariikhda Ruush, waa in la caddeeyo waxa la xiriirta waxay lahayd gurigii Romanovs ah. Waxaa soo baxday in si toos ah ugu. Waxaa la og yahay in ka 1682 si ay u 1696 inta lagu jiro carshiga Ruush fadhiistay labo madax - Peter aniga iyo walaalkiis Yooxanaa V ah, kuwaas oo shan gabdhood, Mary, Theodosia, Catherine, Praskovya iyo Anna. dambaysta waxay noqon doontaa in 1730kii, Empress iyo wuxuu boqor u ahaan doontaa muddo toban sanadood ah. naag kale, ee John V ah, Catherine, hooyadii halyeeyad of our sheekada gabadheeda - taliye mustaqbalka, boqorka Anne Leopoldovna, oo sidaas ayaa wakiil buuxa fuliya oo Golaha difaacaneysa ee Romanov. Sidaas awgeed, iyada ina Ivan haystay oo dhan xuquuqda carshiga.

Wuxuu ku dhashay Anna Leopoldovna December 18, 1718 in magaalada yar Jarmal ee Rostock. Aabaheed waxa uu Karl Leopold Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, iyo hooyadeed, sida kor ku xusan, saarkii ruushka John gabadhii V ee, Princess Ekaterina Ivanovna. In taliyihii mustaqbalka of Russia yimid markay ahayd afar sano jir ah, iyo halkan ayay aqbalay Asalraacnimadu. Hooyadeedna waxay ahayd walaasha jeclahay xukumi jiray sannadihii Anny Empress ku Ioannovny, oo waxay is ogow of iyada barbaarinta, waxay u xilsaarayo in mid ka mid ah tirooyinka ugu caansan ka mid ah Academy of Sciences - Kondraty Ivanovich Genningeru. Laga soo bilaabo 1731, wuxuu bilaabay waxbarashada uu, laakiin ay socotay afar sano oo kaliya, tan iyo 1735-th waxaa jiray sheeko jaceyl ku dhamaatay mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed.

Gabadhii ayaa Sujuud iyo guurka khasabka ah

In caasimadda ah ee boqortooyadiisa cusub Ergayga Saxon gaaray - Tiri Moritz Carl Linar. Tani Yurub qurux fiican wakhtigaas ahaa saddex iyo soddon sannadood, oo dhallinyarada Princess Anne Leopoldovna dhacay jacayl aan xasuusta. Her mentor Kondraty Ivanovich ahaa ee ogaada oo si xoog leh gacan ka horumarinta novel ah. Soon waxaa jiray warar xan ah oo ku saabsan aroos ah ay suurto gal. Laakiin dhibaato waa in Anna hore u ahaa aroos rasmi ah - Duke Anton Ulrich, kuwaas oo doortay, waayo, hanuuniyey by danta guud, Empress ah. Barashada ku saabsan is-doonista of walaasha dhallinyaro ah, KT Ruush cadhooday, oo ah Rasuul-seducer out of Russia soo diray, iyo laahi Xuseen oo ah arrin sir ah - Kondrati Ivanovich - saaray xafiiska. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Amarka aan weli ka weyn, laakiin hadalka this tagaa on.

Afar sano ka dib dhacdooyinka tilmaamay dhacay arooska Anny Leopoldovny si uu nebcaa wiilkeedu by iyada doonan - Antonom Ulrihom, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. Dabaal-ka go'an in ay dhacdadan, khilaafeen nolosah dhaw aan caadi ahayn, oo lagu qabtay kulan ballaaran oo dadka. Inta lagu guda jiro erayga kala tagii arooska sheegay Archbishop Ambrose (Yushkevich) - nin ayaa loo dhoofiyay in ay ka ciyaaraan door muhiim ah nolosha diimeed iyo siyaasadeed ee dalka intii lagu guda jiray boqortooyada of Elizabeth. Sannad ka dib, labo dhallinyarada lahaa wiil, at Ivan loogu magac daray baabtiiska.

dhamaadka boqortooyada Anny Ioannovny

Waxa ay ahayd 1740. In taariikhda Ruushka, waxa uu helay qaar ka mid ah dhacdooyinka muhiimka ah, waxa ugu muhiimsan kuwaas oo ahaa dhimashada Anny Empress ku Ioannovny, kaas oo yimid 17 (28) ee October. In doonistiisa, ayay caddaysay kii dhaxalka lahaa carshiga, ina dhashay Anny Leopoldovny - Ivan, Ninkaas isaga doorta uu ugu jecel yahay Ernsta Ioganna Biron. Markay da'da ku haboon dhaxalka lahaa dhallinyarada ahaa in uu noqdo tsars Ruush John VI.

Waa in la ogaadaa in, sida gabadhii Tsar Ivan V ah, kuwaas oo ku dhintay Empress xamaasad nebcaaday walaalkiis Peter aniga iyo dhammaan ciidamada ka soo horjeeda, in qof ka mid ah wiilashiisa qaaday carshiga ka badan. Sababtan awgeed, waa in doonistiisa sheegay in haddii ay dhacdo dhimashada kii dhaxalka lahaa horyaalka saxda ah taajka maraa ilmaha soo socda-ugu da'da weyn ee iyada walaasha jecel - Anna Leopoldovna. About musharixiinta jagada of Ninkaas for Emperor yaryar ayay u dhacday, waxaan shaki ku jirin. Waxay noqotay iyada jecel dheer - Biron.

Laakiin qaddar haddii kale xukumi lahaa. Suugaan ka maalmood ee ugu horreeya oo boqornimadiisa uu la kulmay mucaaradka adag, oo hoosyimaada agagaarka waalidiinta kii dhaxalka yar. xataa Waxaa jiray shirqool afgembiyaan jeclaysan in dadka in shaqaalaha ku meel gaar ah. At madaxa ifbaxay ahaa ninka Anny Leopoldovny - Anton Ulrich. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shirqoolkii waxay ahaayeen xun, iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan ujeedkooda noqday kuwa loo yaqaan Xafiiska ka mid ah madaxda A. qarsoon I. Ushakovu. askari sayidkiisa Tani waxa ay ahayd nin ku filan Ayaanle xusuusiyey oo u arkay suurto gal d'gambiyay, waxaa la xadiday xaqiiqada ah in si rasmi ah kaliya "scolded" shirqoolkii.

shaqaalaha xilka ku meel gaar ah

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sharci Biron ayaa lagu xukumay. Habeenka November 9, 1740 qolka hurdada, halkaasoo si nabad ah nastay Ninkaas iyo xaaskiisa, albaabka jir- furay. Waxa uu ku biiray koox ka mid ah askarta, hogaaminayo Field Marshal Hristoforom Minihom, col ku dhaartay ee Biron iyo taageere Anna Leopoldovna. The jecel oo dhan-awooda badan hore, maxaa yeelay, waxaa ka mid ahaa, waxaan ogaaday in tani ay tahay dhamaadka, oo aan lahaanshaha cabsi, sariirta hoosteeda Gurguurte, ayna hubiyaan in la dili lahaa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu ahaa qalad. Regent rido gawadhi ka qaaday Brig ah.

Wax yar ka raaceen by maxkamadda, taas oo Biron ayaa lagu eedeeyay dambiyo kala duwan. Dabcan, wax badan oo ka mid ah ayaa la been abuurtay. Xukunka ayaa si buuxda u waafaqsan tahay ruuxa waqtiga - quartering. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, markii ninkii miskiinka soo noolaaday, wuxuu maqlay inuu ku dhawaaqay cafis, iyo rigoore la bedelay inay marjic u Pelym saddex kun oo miles ka St. Petersburg ku yaal. Laakiin boqortooyada Empress Elizabeth Marwo jeclaa wareejiyay Yaroslavl, iyo ugu danbeyn keenaya Biron Peter III ee magaalada, isaga dib u siiyey oo dhan biladood oo insignia. In yar oo sano ka badan, Catherine II soo celiyey Ninkaas hore ee xuquuqda on lahaa isaga si marka Duchy of Courland.

Soo socda si ay awood iyo soo bixitaanka of jecel khatar ah

Sidaas daraaddeed, shaqaalaha uu neceb yahay ku meel gaar ah laga saaray xarunta madaxtooyada, iyo guddiga gobolka waxaa laga soo qaaday in ka badan by hooyadiis wax taaj oo amiir ee. Regent ahaa Anna Leopoldovna. Romanovs qabashada sort boqorka John line V ah, ku meel gaar ah u muuqday on sare ee xukuumadda Russia. Bilowga ee 1741 ee soo socota nolosha gabadha ahayd dhacdo farxadda leh ee Petersburg yimid cusub ee loo magacaabay Ergayga Saxon Carl Linar - ay jir ah oo aan waqti u lahaa in ay hoos u qaboojiso jacaylka. Isla markiiba qaatay Anna Leopoldovna, waxa uu isla markiiba noqday iyada jecel.

Sida taliye la guursaday, ka dibna uu xiriirka in ay u leeyihiin in ay raacaan heerarka qaarkood. Linar degay guri u dhow Garden ee Xagaaga, halkaas oo wakhtigaas ku noolaa Palace ee Xagaaga, Anna. Si loo hubiyo cudur daar ah oo ku filan joogitaanka uu jooga daarta, ayay magacaabay iyada oberkamergerom lover. Soon naxariis ugu sareeya ee uu ku faafo heer ah in uu jecel yahay waxaa la guddoonsiiyey labada amarada Ruush top - Andreya Pervozvannogo iyo Aleksandra Nevskogo. Waayo, taas oo uu ka helay mudnaanta ay leeyihiin, maxkamadda malayn karaa oo keliya.

Si dhakhso ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, Anna Leopoldovna ogol yahay iyada lover in ay soo fara in a arrimaha halis ah gobolka iyo ma qaadan wax go'aan ah oo aan isaga la tashan. Marka iyada connivance Linar noqday xubin muhiim ah in dagaalka ka dhanka ah xisbiga maxkamadda, u xiiseynayey in ay ku lug Russia ee Dagaalkii of Succession Austria. Sanadihii kuwa, tiro ka mid ah dalalka Yurub ayaa isku dayay, isagoo odhanaya sharci darrada ah doonista Austria Emperor Charles VI ee, oo hanti u qaata hantida guriga Habsburg ee Europe. Tani dhaqanka Ergayga Saxon uu keeno carada ka mid ah saraakiisha sare ee, ka Cabsada ah ee wejiga cusub ee uu Biron.

Kala ka Linar

In si ay u bartey isbeddel ansixiyeen isbeddelkaas bond muranka, Anna Leopoldovna (Empress, ka dib oo dhan) u lahaa in ay si trick ah, taas oo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, mid ka mid ma noqon karaa marin habaabin tagaan. Tusaale ahaan, waa xagaagii 1741 kubbad cag Linara la qolkiisii-gabadh sharaf iyo saaxiibka ugu dhow ee Baroness Juliana Mengden. Laakiin, inuu noqdo arooska, ayuu, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma si rasmi ah oo hawsha geli jiray Ruush, sida maadooyinka ku hadhay Saxony. Si aad u hesho ogolaanshaha loo baahdo, bishii November ee isla sannadkaas Linar u tageen inay Dresden.

Ka hor inta uusan, isagu waa nin ka mid ah aragtida, Anna Leopoldovna uga digay isku dayga ah ay suuragal tahay in lagu soo qabto xoogga taageerayaasha Peter waxaan gabadhiisii Elizabeth. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, uu u socday dhakhsaha u soo laaban, oo waxay qaadan wax walba gacanta. In kala tagii dhexdeenna, iyagu ma ay ogayn in nabad gelyo leh weligiis. Marka isagoo fasax la doonayo dowladda ee Saxony, Linar helay bishii November ee sanadkii in, uu si St. Petersburg ku soo laabtay, ka dibna Königsberg ayuu sugayay news xadhiga Anny Leopoldovny iyo goysiga carshiga reer binu Elizabeth. Isaga oo cabsida ay rumowday ...

Gabadha Peter madaxa Ilaalada

Afgambi d'gambiyay dhacay habeenkii of November 25 (6-dii December) in 1741. Waqtigaas, xoog siyaasadeed oo ugu weyn waxaa la aasaasay by Peter Guard Weyn. Awoodaan in ay enthrone iyo ceshatay isaga, iyadu hore u dareemay in ay xoog ku February 1725. Markaas on bayonets ay awood, naag carmal ah ee Peter ayaan waxaan u imid - Catherine I. Oo haatan, iyadoo la isticmaalayo xaqiiqada ah in Anna Leopoldovna, taasoo ismaandhaafka qanacsanayn baahsan leh xukunka, dhayalsan xoogga Ilaalada, Elizabeth u suurtagashay in ay soo jiidato in ay kooxda ku yaal St. Petersburg guutada Preobrazhensky.

On in habeen khaas ah waayo taliye Ruush quruxda 31-sano jir ah Elizaveta Petrovna, oo ay la socdaan saddex boqol iyo siddeed iyo grenadiers muuqday Palace Winter ah. Haddii aan la kulmay iska caabin ah meel kasta, oo waxay gaadheen qolka hurdada, halkaasoo si nabad ah nastay Anna Leopoldovna iyo ninkeeda. Ninkaas baqeen lagu dhawaaqay ku saabsan ay la afgembiyey oo la xiray. The markhaati goobta this ka dib sheegay in Elizabeth qaaday on gacmuhuse waa isla qolka iyo toosay by a kii dhaxalka lahaa sanqadh-sano jir ah lama filaan ah oo carshiga ku, aayar waswaasiyey: ". Ilmuhu wuxuu nasiib darro" Waxay ogaa ayay tidhi.

Way shalayto oo ahaa taliyihii Cross

Sayidka, qoyska Brunswick ayaa la xiray, oo ay ku jiraan Anna Leopoldovna. Empress Elizabeth nin aan naxariis lahayn ma ahaa. Waxaa la og yahay in bilowgii ayay ku taliyeen inay maxaabiista ay si Europe oo kooban ku soo diri - sidaas, ugu yaraan, waxaa la sheegay in bayaankan ka, taas oo ay nafteeda ku dhawaaqay Empress. Boqorad baajiyay Anna Leopoldovna qoyska ayaa si ku meelgaar ah u soo diray inuu Riga Castle ka, halkaas oo uu sannad ka qaatay la eegaayo in xoriyadda la ballan qaaday. Laakiin lama filaan ah qorshe cusub oo xirma Winter Palace bedelay. Xaqiiqada ah in St. Petersburg la helay shirqool, kuwaas oo goolka uu ahaa inay afgembiyaan Elizabeth iyo sii daayo kii dhaxalka lahaa sharciga ah ee Ivan Antonovich.

Waxaa caddaatay in qoyska of Brunswick sii wadi doonaa in calanka oo dhan shirqoolkii ay suurtagal tahay, sidaas darteedna waxaa iska dhigaya halis gaar ah. Masiirka Anny Leopoldovny loo xalliyay. In 1742, maxaabiistuna way wareejiyay qalcaddayda Dünamünde (meel u dhow Riga), iyo laba sano ka dib qalcaddii Renenburgskuyu, taas oo ahayd gobolkii Ryazan. Laakiin xitaa halkan, iyagu ma ay waqti dheer sii joogo. Dhawr bilood ka dib waxaa yimid amarkii ugu sareeya tusiyana Arkhangelsk for gabbasho sii keniisad ah Solovetsky. In gaysto dayrta, in roobka shubtay, Anna Leopoldovna iyo qoyska iyada iyadaana u soo diray xagga woqooyi.

Laakiinse sannadda in dhaxan hore iyo tiixtiix baraf saaray suurtogalnimada mid ka mid ah gudbaya si Solovki. maxaabiistuna way galiyey Kholmogory, guriga hoggaamiyaha kiniisaddu deegaanka, ayna ku Afuufnay Dhexdeeda, baabi'inta macquul mid ka mid ah xiriirka ay la dunida ka baxsan. Halkan weligoodba kaliya wiilkiisa iyo kii dhaxalka lahaa. Ivan Antonovich go'doonsan iyaga iyo kooxda kaalinta in qayb kale oo ka mid ah dhismaha, iyo ka dib waalidka ay yihiin kuwo aan isaga ku saabsan news kasta. Waayo, sirta weyn yar ex-Emperor la amray in loo yeedho magac been ah Gregory.

Geeri iyo laalan sharaf

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, ka buuxa murug iyo soo gaareen khasaaro, hoos caafimaadka haweenka da'da yar. Ninkaas hore oo ahaa taliyihii Russia leh awood buuxda, ayaa ku dhintay xabsiga 8 (19) ee March 1746. Sababta rasmiga ah ee dhimashada lagu dhawaaqay qandho puerperal, ama sida ay iyagu yidhaahdaan in maalmaha jir, "ognevitsa". Inkasta oo xabsi, laakiin ma razluchonnaya iyada iyo ninkeeda, Anna dhashay afar jeer ka badan oo carruur, faahfaahinta oo aan ka badbaaday.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sheekada Anny Leopoldovny ma dhamaaday. Meydka gabadhaas ayaa gaadiid caasimada iyo iid weyn lagu aasay necropolis of Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Aaska ayaa la qabtay sida ay xeerarka ku xusan by xeerarka aaska dadka ka tirsan guriga difaacaneysa. Tan iyo markaas, liiska rasmiga ah ee dalalka of taliyayaashii Ruush qasab ku xusan iyo Anna Leopoldovna. Romanov had iyo jeer la caabudo ee xasuusta of xubno ka mid ah qoyskiisa masayr ah, xataa kuwa kan dhimashada isu ahaayeen lug.

"Maaskaro Iron" taariikhda Ruush

Gaar ahaan naxdinta ahaa qaddar ee Ivan - kii dhaxalka lahaa carshiga ku xidhan, kaas oo u dhashay Anna Leopoldovna. Bio waxa uu horumariyo hab in taariikhyahanadu u kaca siiyey wac mid Ruush "maaskaro Iron" a. Isla markii qabashada xoogga by Elizabeth ayaa qaaday tallaabo kasta oo suurta si loo hubiyo in magaca kii dhaxalka lahaa carshiga oo ka mid ah dejiyey waxaa la illoobay. ka wareegga qabtay qadaadiic ah oo uu image, Halaagnay dukumenti sheeg magiciisa, iyo ciqaabta Ciqaab daran oo laga mamnuucay xusuusta wixii isaga.

Elizaveta Petrovna, Qabtay awood iyada oo Inqilaab ah, ka cabsaday suurtogalnimada uu noqday dhibane ah goob ay aad u soo socda. Sababtan awgeed, in 1756, iyada waxaa lagu amray in ay samatabbixin maxbuus shan iyo toban sano ah ee qalcadda Schlisselburg oo ku jira shil ku ahaa jeelka. Waxaa wiilkii waa diiday, xataa magacooda cusub Gregory iyo gudbiyo oo kaliya sida "maxbuus si fiican u yaqaan." Mamnuuc ay xiriir la ku wareegsan. Shuruudan waxaa si adag u arkay in oo dhan sano oo xabsi oo maxbuuska ah ayaa Weligay ma arkin aadanaha wajiga. Ma aha la yaab leh in ka badan waqtiga uu muujiyey calaamadaha cudurrada dhimirka.

Top booqanaya maxbuus iyo dhimashada hore

Marka bedelay Elizabeth inay Empress cusub, Catherine II yimid, oo qabsaday awooda oo taageero ka Ilaalada, iyadu in uu xukunka sharci weyn, wuxuu u maleeyey in ku saabsan suurtagalnimada of guurka si oo ahaa in qalcaddii dhaxalka xaqa in Ivan. Si taas loo gaaro, iyana waxay isagii u soo booqday godkii Shlisselburgsky. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, goortay arkeen wixii degree of jidhka iyo maskaxda sii daraysa ayaa gaartay sano gabbasho cidlowday, Ivan, ayay ogaadeen in guurka isaga la noqon kartaa su'aal ma. By habka, Empress ayaa sheegay in maxbuuska ah ayaa war uu ka soo jeedo reer boqor, in uu yahay wax akhrin iyo rabto si uu naftiisa u soo afjaro in keniisad a.

boqornimadii Catherine II ee ahaa fog ka sahlan, iyo intii uu joogay qalcadda ee Ivan ka badan isku day in afgambi iyada oo ujeedadu of waxa kor u carshiga. Si aad u joojiyaan, Empress ku amray in ay si deg deg ah ay dilaan Maxbuus ah, haddii ay jirto khatar dhab ah in uu sii daayo. Oo 1764, xaaladan ayaa soo saartay. shirqool kale oo asalkiisu ka soo jeedo ee madaxda sare ee ciidankii reer qalcadda Shlisselburg. Waxaa la madax Lieutenant V. Ya Mirovich. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ammaanka gudaha ee casemates oofiyey amarkeedii, Ivan Antonovich ayaa middi iyaga la bayonets. Dhimashada gooyey naftiisa gaaban iyo naxdinta 5 (16) ee July 1764.

Sayidka dhamaaday nolosha ka mid ah farcankii House difaacaneysa ee Romanov - kii dhaxalka lahaa sharci ah oo carshiga ku John VI iyo hooyadiis Anna Leopoldovna, Biography gaaban oo noqday theme of our hadalka uu. Ma aha oo dhan u taliya Russia ayaa loo dhoofiyay in ay u dhintaan geeri dabiici ah. Arxan, Loolankii xukunka qaban mararka qaarkood ku shubtay galay musiibo sida mid ka mid ah oo ku saabsan taas oo aan hadda soo xusuusan. Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Anna Leopoldovna galay taariikhda Russia oo qayb ka ah muddada, gudbiyo sida "Age ugu cadcad."