Maxaa kala heer kasta oo ururka ka mid ah arrinta nool

Mabda Universal "ka fudud si adag" ansax yahay dhammaan heerarka loo yaqaan urur ee arrinta iyo u muuqataa on kasta oo ka mid marxaladaha ay heer ka mid ah ururka. biology Modern muujineysaa dhowr heerarka ee urur ee noolaha: waa asalka ah ee dhammaan bani nool heerka kelli iyo gacanta, iyo sidoo kale caan ku yahay mid dhib badan diyaarin - unugyada, xubnaha, u shaqeeyo iyo dadka, biogeotsenozny iyo Biosphere. shaqeeyo wax kasta oo nool waa nidaam mobile in u furan yahay is dhexgalka deegaanka. Aasaasiga ah "qalabka dhismaha" cell nool yihiin borotiinada, subaga, carbohydrates, acids nucleic.

Heerarka Ururka of noolaha multicellular

Kelli heer urur ee arrinta ku nool yahay waxa ugu fudud oo caadi ah in noolaha oo dhan, ka bakteeriyada iyo protozoa. Waxaa dhici falgalka kiimikada, siday hawlaha nolol-gaaray, iyo lana daray in acids nucleic barnaamijka dhaxlo. Next - heer gacanta ururka ee arrinta ku nool - wuxuu leeyahay sifooyin ka yara duwan. cell Taasi waa qaybta ugu yar ee qaab dhismeedka of arrinta ku nool, waxa uu siiyaa howlaha asaasiga ah sida koritaanka, horumarka, dhalmo. Unugyada dhaca geeddi socodka dheefshiidka.

Heerarka Ururka of noolaha multicellular

La xiriira ee qaab-dhismeedka iyo hawlaha unugyada sameeyaan afar nooc oo waaweyn oo unugyo: connective, epithelial, dareemayaasha, murqaha. noocyo dhowr ah oo unug, mid ama laba ka mid ah kaas oo ka ciyaaraan door muhiim ah, ay u sameeyaan jirka ah - qayb ka go'doonsan ee jirka isagoo meel loo dejiyay oo u qabata go'an gaarka ah ee hawlaha. nidaamka xubnaha lagu daro, la abuuro heerka cusub ee ururka ee arrinta ku nool - organismal; waa soo jireenka ah, dadkuba u badan multicellular. shaqeeyo kasta waa nidaam deggan, xad goboleedka ka deegaanka iyo inay awoodaan inay la qabsadaan si ay deegaanka. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in noolaha oo ka tirsan noocyada la mid ah, waxay leeyihiin qaab-dhismeedka la mid ah iyo shaqada, ay awoodaan in ay midoobaan dadka, meelaha qaarkood, kuwaas oo lagu gartaa qaababka cimilada qaarkood yihiin.

In unit ugu fudud ee habka evolutionary, waxay siisaa dadka ee is-dhaafsiga macluumaadka hidde, marinka u ah hababka kala dhaxlo iyo tirayn. Biocenoses matalaya ururada dadka kala duwan ee noocyada, by reaction la ca. vironment qaado heerka ku xiga ee ururka ee arrinta ku nool. Waxaa biogeocoenosis bixisaa wareegga of walxaha hadda jira ee dabiiciga ah, iyo sidoo kale xidhiidhka ka badnaan of xejisto iyo dabeecadda walax.

heerka ugu sareeya jira urur ee arrinta ku nool - Biosphere - isku daraa biogeocoenoses. Waxay leedahay dheecaan tamarta labis, oo isku dhan ah heer ka sarreeya. Waa heerka this of urur ee arrinta ku nool ayaa kala duwan ubalaadhan hawlaha, oo ay ku jiraan dayactirka ah ee niyo ah oo ka mid ah dhismayaasha dibadda iyo gudaha ee dabiiciga ah, nidaamsan iyo habaynta qaybaha ay aasaasiga ah.