Pope John XXIII, natiijada waxqabadka

Pope The - booska ugu sarreeya dunida oo Catholic, waa madaxa la arki karo of Church, caqiido fiqi ahaaneed oo soo qaadanin. Marka la eego xaaladda sare ee pontiff quduuska ah iyo waqti isku mid ah madaxa Vatican Gobolka Qaranimo, kaas oo soo xirtay this horyaalka sarsare oo dhan, oo la odhan karaa shakhsiyaad si dhab ah u fiican. Laakiin xitaa ka mid aynu ka soo farcannay kaniisadda ahaayeen dad si gaar ah u fiican, taas oo taariikhda weligaa ha sii xusuusan doonaa.

Kuwaas waxaa la unambiguously saarin karaa Pope John XXIII. Doorashada inay carshiga la dilaa, taariikhyahanadu weli la wadaagto taariikhda Church Catholic ee muddo ka hor Council Vatican Second, isugu by John XXIII, oo muddo ka dib.
siyaasadda falsan iyo cabbiro ayaa ka qayb qaatay soo nooleenta of the Wadaad of aaminsan aadanaha ee awoodda sare, ee wanaag iyo caddaalad. Waa iimaan this ahaa ku dhowaad aasay hoos ku dogmas diinta aan dhammaadka lahayn, sharciyada dhintay xaqnimada iyo caqiidooyinka dhacsan.

Biography uu doorashada si Papacy ka hor weli

Pope John XXIII, in dunida Andzhelo Dzhuzeppe Roncalli, kii miskiin ah, qoys ridayeen weyn ka yimaadaa. Waxa uu ku dhashay ee waqooyiga Italy ee gobolka picturesque ee Bergamo ee 1881.

Horeba ka sano ee hore ee waxbarasho ee dugsiga hoose ah gobolka beeralay dhallinyarada ahaa isku diyaarineysa inay soo galaan seminary ah. Iyada oo taageero ka wadaad maxaliga ah, wiilka bartay Latin. Waxa uu si guul ah ka qalin seminary ee Bergamo ee 1900, iyo afar sano ka dib, iyo fiqi Kuliyadda ee seminary Pontifical ee Rome. In 1904 wuxuu amray wadaadkii ah oo noqday xoghayaha u ah hoggaamiyaha kiniisaddu D. Rådin Tedeschi. Sidoo kale baray taariikhda diinta ee seminary isla Bergamo.

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka isna wuxuu u adeegay ciidanka sida habsami leh caafimaadka ee isbitaalka, ka dibna Wadaad military. In 1921, Andzhelo Dzhuzeppe Roncalli ahaa xubin ka mid ah xurmaysan shirka iimaanka.

Pope John XXIII: mustaqbalkiisa diblomaasiyadeed, Nunciature, nabadaynta

guul Roncalli safiirka le'daan (nuncio) ayaa sidoo kale fiiro gaar ah u qalmaan. dulqaad High, sirdoonka iyo erudition diblomaasi u caawisay in ay si guul ah ula xiriiraan dadka diimaha kala duwan, diinta uu aaminsan yahay iyo dhaqanka. Waxa uu ku dooday in dadka aan u baahnayn in ay ku hadlaan afka ee uu aamino, talooyin wanaagsan oo la raacayo, iyo afka reer is ixtiraam, si aad u maqashid fikrado kala duwan, si ay u galin jiritaanka dhowr runta magaca wanaag iyo nabad.

Inta lagu guda jiro bishopric ka 1925 si ay u 1953, wuxuu ahaa nuncio ee Sofia, Ankara, Athens iyo Paris. Uu razvertelas dhaqdhaqaaqa diblomaasiyadeed ee sano adag tahay, taas oo ay weheliyaan falalka military, Kacdoonkii, isbedelka xukuumadda, iwm uu ka caawiyay si nabad ah lagu xalliyo khilaafka heerar kala duwan - .. From guurka diimaha in mu'aamaraad siyaasadeed.

Iyo sanadkii 1953, Roncalli loo doortay in awowe of Venice, Cardinal.

John XXIII: bilowgii adeegga

doorashada Pope ee 1958 ma ay fududahay oo ay weheliyaan dhibaatada maamul ee Curia Roomaanka. Halganka loogu jiro tiir kasta oo raggu wayn sameeyay inta u dhaxaysa laba kooxood: ka Cardinals-Konserfatifka iyo "progressives." Kastaaba wuxuu lahaa ay musharax u gaar ah, laakiin ma jirto cid aan la siiyey tiro ku filan oo votes.

In dhamaadka, on wareega 11-ka ee conclave la doortay Pope Roncalli, "faras madow" ka mid ah codsadayaasha cardinals. Waxa uu noqday baadari ugu da'da weyn loo doortay mar (isagu wuxuu ahaa 77 sano jir.) U doortay magaca le'daan Roncalli John XXIII. Tani waxay caan ah hal mar ka mid ah aabayaasha magaceeduna wuxuu ahaa nooc ka mid ah "habaarka". Ka hor inta in, 550 sano midkoodna pontiffs ma doortay diinta magaca John sida John nacsiiseen dadka Balthazar XXIII ku Cossa - Antipope - si qudhiisa u yeedhay. Laakiin Roncalli carabka ku adkeeyay in uu magacan doorto in sharaf of St. Ioanna Predtechi iyo Rasuulka Ioanna Bogoslova , iyo xusuusta aabbihiis. Waxa uu hayo xiriir dhow la leh ay waalidiinta, walaalaha ah ee dhammaan wejiyada mustaqbalkiisa wacdina. Wadaad kale oo uu sheegay in John XXIII (Antipope) ma waxay ahayd sharci Pope ah, sida "sharciyada" inta lagu guda jiro khilaaf reer galbeedka, oo dembi kuwa sharka leh, iyo Xaq u lahayn in ay xirtaan magaca quduuska ah.

doorashada Pope John XXIII ahayd nooc ka mid ah tallaabo lagu qasbay, markii mid ka mid ahaa ka ugu muhiimsan ku guuldareystay in ay helaan codad ku filan oo ka mid ah cardinals ah. John XXIII Baden ahaa "baadari KMG ah", kuwaas oo loo moodayay inuu u taliyo ilaa Church Catholic ma go'aansado hab kama dambaysta ah ee dhinaca fikirka ah (muxaafidka ah ama horumar leh). Malaha qaar ka mid ah door in go'aanka Cardinals ka ciyaaray iyo xaqiiqda ah in boqortooyada Yooxanaa ma dheer sii socon karo, maxaa yeelay, isagu hore u ahaa 77 sano jir. Laakiin dhab ahaantii, tani "aabo marayay" noqday nidaam ah in dunida Christian, tiradaasi ugu firfircoon ee uu waqti. Inta lagu jiro muddada gaaban ee uu pontificate, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay soo bandhigto wax badan oo isbedel kuweyn.

dadaallada Church Pope

Sida dhakhtar military, ka dibna nuncio, John XXIII arkay, dareemay iyo khibrad badan oo runta khilaafsan, ayaa la kulmay dhibaatooyinka bulsho ee naxdinta leh, ula xiriiraan dadka aaminsan kala duwan, arkay badan oo dhimasho ah, colaad, baabba '. Isagu waa nin fahamsan yahay sida badan dadka la soo dhex maro dagaal adag oo sano guudahaan ee ka dhigtid: saboolnimada, cudurka, faqriga. Oo isna wuxuu ogaa in u damqasho, samafal, cibaadada runta la fahmi karo, sida wanaag, caddaalad, iyo iimaanka xagga wanaagsan ah - taasi waa waxa ay dadku ka filayaan kiniisadda, ma aha Buzadag joogto ah, dogmas, cibaadada ka hor aynu ka soo farcannay ah.

Aabaha ahaa shaqsi aad u burjiga, oo wuxuu aaday inuu Vatican oo aan wefdigii ah, ma uusan isticmaali booskiisa si kor loogu qaado qoyska ama asxaabta ee wareegyada siyaasada iyo diinta. Ma uusan diidin in uu la kulmo sayidkooda ama shaqaalaha iyo cabniin ah dariiqyada. Laakiin in kasta oo ay eccentricity sida, isagu wuxuu ahaa aamin in sharciga Ilaah.

Wuxuu ogaaday in runta ah oo amarrada Ilaah keeni karaa dadka oo keliya marka la Nasaarada ka qabashada afkooda, dhageysto aragtida dhug yeesha dadka kale, tix gelinta rumaystayaasha.

Wuxuu buriyey genuflection ah, dhunkashada soo jireenka ah ee giraanta, amar ku bixiyay in ka kaxayntu ay ka ereyada erayada flowery nooca "afka glubokochtimy" iyo "The Talaabooyinka Monk".

Aabaha dunida kiniisadda furay. Haddii, in da 'kasta iyo qeybtii hore ee qarnigii labaatanaad, galaya ayaa lala xiriiriyay-talisnimo, ka dib markii boqornimadiisa, xaaladda ayaa ka dhintay. Kaniisadda sii waday in ay dib ugu guuleysto siyaasadeed, shaqo muhiim ah fikirka, laakiin awoodda sheekh joogsatay in ay leeyihiin xurmayntooda.

Waxa intaa dheer in wada hadal ku dhow dhexeeya diimaha, John ee XXIII - World Aabaha - bilaabay siyaasad cusub si wax looga qabto wakiillo ka dhan diimaha non-Christian. Buu ku naadiyey mabaadi'da ixtiraamka qiimaha dabayl ay, caadooyinka dhaqanka, caadooyinka, aragtida bulshada.

Waa markii ugu horaysay booqday Yeruusaalem, onkodeen raaligelin Yuhuudda oo sannado badan oo ah cadaadis, rabshadaha, anti-Nacayb. Dowladda le'daan New qiray in eedeymaha ay Yuhuudda oo dhimashada Ciise Masiix waa sal lahayn, iyo hoggaanka Catholic cusub uma biiro.

Pope John XXIII ku dhawaaqday in dadka oo dhan waa in ay midoobaan dunida, iimaanka wanaagsan ixtiraam ugu wanaagsan ee labada dhinac, jecel yihiin si loo badbaadiyo nolosha aadanaha, halkii ay daacad u Buzadag ah. Wuxuu laga yaabaa inay tahay koowaad ee madaxdoodii oo dhan ee Vatican-ka uu qiray in aysan ahayn mid sidaas u muhiim ah, waxa luqadda waxaa lagu sameeyaa adeegga kiniisadda, shirka taagan ama ku fadhiisan. Padre sidaas waqtiga iyo cadaalad ah ay soo jiidatay in xaqiiqda ah in kiniisadda, halkii ay kula heshiiyey dadka si aad u fiican oo ka badan habboonaanta, in ka badan oo jahawareerinaya iyo qaybsanaanteena, muujinayo baahida loo qabo in la raaco liiska saxda ah ee dhaqanka diinta inay ka duwan yihiin waayo heshaan kasta, xaq u leedahay in la baabtiiso, si sax ah qaanso iyo dhaqmaan katedraalka.

Waxa uu yiri: "In dhaqanka kaniisadda cathedral taliso hawada laga urin karo duugowday, waxaad u baahan tahay in la furo dariishadaha wax yar ballaaran."

Vatican Golaha Labaad

Pope John XXIII buuxda xarigga laga rajeynayo ka Cardinals iyo Curia ee uu ku xukumay dhexdhexaad dirreed, 90 maalmood gudahood ka dib qabsashadii Papacy, Pope ka muujiyay inuu doonayo inuu isugu ah golaha ecumenical. falcelinta Dhawa ahaa ansixiyay Cardinals ah. Oo waxay ku yidhaahdeen in ay 1963 waxa ay noqon doontaa mid aad u adag tahay in la diyaariyo oo isugu Golaha, at Pope ayaa sheegay in ganaax, ka dibna ay isku diyaarineyso inay 1962.

Xitaa ka hor cathedral ee Giovanni ogaaday inuu ku dhacay kansarka, laakiinse wuu diiday howlgalka khatar ah sababtoo ah waxa uu doonayay in ay ku nool yihiin si aad u aragto taariikhda saxda ah marka furitaanka racfaanka Cathedral dadka daacad ah weydiisanaya nabad, naxariis iyo raxmad.

Ujeedada cathedral waxa uu ahaa in la qabsado Church ee dunida casriga ah, ka dhigi saaxiibo, wada hadal, oo suurto gal ah ula midoobo Department of Nasaarada. At Cathedral ayaa sidoo kale lagu casuumay wakiilada beesha Orthodox ka Greece, Russia, Poland, Yeruusaalem.

Natiijada Vatican II, taas oo ku dhamaatay geeridii Pope John XXIII ka dib, wuxuu ahaa ansaxinta of a dastuurka cusub dhaqatada "Joy iyo Hope", halkaas oo wajiyada ku cusub waxbarashada diinta ayaa loo arkaa, xoriyad u yahay caqiidadiisa iyo habdhaqanka kiniisadaha non-Christian.

Natiijooyinka iyo qiimeynta ku

qaab wanaagsan oo run ah Maximus Pontifex ku qiyaasto karaa oo keliya marka taabacsan dhowr sano ka dib. Laakiin sida xaqiiqada ah, mid kasta oo soo wada ururin doonaa soo koobo natiijooyinka qaar ka mid ah oo boqornimadiisa, sugaya isku dar ah ku yaab of dareen in wax ahaa ayaa qarka u saaran ku farxaan iyo yaab. Ka dib oo dhan, natiijooyinka hawlaha Pope waa dhacdhaco.

xataa Waxaad dhihi kartaa in uu sii waday in ay saamayn ku yeelan dunida Catholic sanado badan uu dhintay ka dib. Marka waxbarasho ee uu xanuun terminal, Pope John XXIII qarsoon diyaarinaya uu Cardinal Giovanni Battista Montini, oo noqday Pope cusub ka dib markii John dhammeeyey cathedral labaad oo sii yihiin waxyaalihii wanwanaagsanaa ee sayidkiisa weyn.

siyaasiyiinta Yurub yaqaan, oo ay ku jiraan Samuel Huntington, sidoo kale carrabka ku adkeeyay doorka Kiniisadda horumarinta bulshada ee qarnigii labaatanaad. Gaar ahaan waxa function ciyaaray habka this by Pope John XXIII, natiijooyinka hawlaha this Pontiff weyn ayaa sidoo kale lagu muujiyo horumarinta dimuqraadiyadda daafaha dunida.

Sv my "mustaqbalkiisa" gaaban carshiga dalka Pope Catholic soo saaray 8 waraaqaha le'daan gaar ah (encyclicals). In iyaga, ayuu muujiyay aragti cusub ee kiniisadda kaatooligga on doorka wadaad ee casriga ah bulshada, hooyada, nabad, horumar. November 11, 1961 uu soo saaray encyclicals "Wisdom weligeed Ilaahnimadu", kaas oo muujiyay ra'yi aan ecumenism wanaagsan - midnimada vsehristianskogo fikirka. Waxa uu ka codsaday in ay ka Orthodox iyo Greek Catholic Christian "walaalo".

Xiriirka Pope Giovanni XXIII in hantiwadaagga

Xitaa John XXIII loo yaqaan "ee Pope of Peace" ama "Red Pope" sababtoo ah habdhaqankiisa dulqaad dhinaca dalalka hantiwadaagga iyo rabitaanka in ay fuliso nooc ka mid ah "hantiwadaagga diinta". Waxa uu carrabka ku adkeeyay in faa'iido u ah dadyowga oo dhan waa in lagu saleeyaa xuquuqda, ruuxaan iyo waajibaadka qof walba, laakiin maamulaa ah xeerarka anshaxa iyo wacdina. Shepherd ayaa tilmaamay in ee ku salaysan xal u ah dhibaatooyinka ee bulshada waa in lagu saleeyaa mabaadi'da gargaarka labada dhinac iyo humanism. Waxa uu sidoo kale ka hadlay ay guushu ku xorriyadda doorashada xirfadda, is-xaqiijinta fursado loo siman yahay, waayo, dadka wadamada oo dhan.

Waa in la ogaadaa in views materialist iyo communist ka dibna mar walba gees u xaaqan by Church Catholic sida dhaxaltooyo. Pope John XXIII tusay xigmad aan horay loo arag, taageerada xiriir diblomaasiyadeed la Cuba, Midowga Soofiyeeti, sida taliyaha Ehelka gobolka Vatican-ka. Isla mar ahaantaana, wuxuu carabka ku adkeeyay in kiis kasta kama qaadato aragtida Cilmaaniyadda, oo waxaa jira oo kaliya Catholic run iyo a "addoonkii Ilaah". Laakiin waqti isku mid ah la ixtiraamo fikradaha kale ee qaranka oo dhan dadka dunida deggan. Iyo diiradda on doorka is tixgelin iyo dulqaad in ka hortagga iska horimaadyada iyo dagaalladu.

In uu hadalka dabaal, John XXIII yeedhay wanaagsan dunida ee ugu weyn oo qaali ah oo adduunka ah. Inta lagu guda jiro boqornimadiisa Vatican ayaa iska daayeen inay noqon keligii, sibidh, aamin ah dhaqanka ee urur dhintay, iyo hay'ad awood wacdina jeestay, xaladii ruuxii sverhneytraliteta ah.

April 11, 1963 Pope soo saaray encyclicals "Peace on Earth", kaas oo diiradda lagu saaray arrimaha bulshada, baaqay baahida loo qabo wada hadal dhexmara hantiwadaagnimadu iyo capitalists, iyo diiradda on xaqiiqada ah in aanay jirin is burinaya fikirka in aan lagu xallin karin, haddii aan u dhaqmaan magaca nabad iyo caddaalad.

Dadka ka soo horjeeda ee pontiff siyaasadda John XXIII

Waxaa loo maleeyey in ay soo horjeeda ee John XXIII Baden iyo ma awoodi doonaan in ay kulmin, maxaa yeelay markii uu doorashada, chancery le'daan qiimaynta dhug of da'diisa iyo gobolka ee caafimaadka. Add to this ay dhexdhexaadnimada siyaasadeed iyo dulqaad-gud. Oo waxaa lagu arkay sida Statement noocan oo kale ah ee padre miyiga waayeelka la qoys sabool ah, nin jir lala yaabo, picky wanaagsan-dabeecad. Laakiin cardinals ee conclave waxaa aad u dhayalsan uu adayg rumaysad iyo xamaasad la abuuro of camalka wanaagsan.

Initiative, encyclical ee Pope ayaa wax wanaagsan ku helay by Church Catholic ah "dunida saddexaad", laakiin cardinals Rome iyo Vatican badan oo dib u habaynta ku duubay, si ay u meel dhexaad ah gelin, xun.

More in hay'ad kaniisadda in uu had iyo jeer ahaa "si adag u habayn." Oo isla Pope John XXIII bilaabay baabiiyo of badan oo kaniisad iyo sharaf sida "hoos" awoodda wadaadada ee Catholic. Inta badan dibad ka hadlay wasiir ku Vatican ee, Xafiiska Quduuska ah.

Dhimashada baadari, horraysay ee, horraysay

June 3, 1963 uu ku dhintay, Pope John XXIII. isla markiiba Pope ee jirka waxaa la mariyey at University Catholic ee Xurmada Heart of minnow Ciise Gennaro oo lagu aasay grottoes of Basilica St. Butros.

Maanta, hadhaagii Padre kaydiyaa sanduuq crystal ah in Basilica ee Cathedral St. Peter ee Rome. In 2000, Pope John Paul II ayaa kaalinta ururka ka horeeyey sharaf badan beatified ah, iyo in 2014 oo labadoodaba waxaa ka ayaa la gudbiyo sida quduusiinta. Church Catholic ayaa maamuusaan, xusuusta reer Pope Giovanni XXIII, maalin fasax ah in uu sharaf on 11 October.

film ku saabsan Pope John XXIII

In ku filan mahad halyeeyga Papa Giovanni XXIII, waayo, kaalin ka qaato horumarka ee rumaysad, nabad iyo qof kasta naxariis kartaan, haddaad maqasho in uu talo, qaaday xoogaa tallaabooyin ah xagga is-horumarinta iyo philanthropy. Laakiin sababta oo ah siyaabo baaxad weyn oo u mahad Pontiff adeegyada uu la odhan karaa filimka "John XXIII. The Pope nabadda." wadahadalo film ku saabsan 2002 Dzhuzeppe Ronkalli, oo ay ku jiraan uu carruurnimada ee Bergamo, dugsiga, mustaqbalkiisa ayaa kiniisaddii iyo shaqada carshiga ku le'daan. Tani Hawada maamulkaa film Talyaani cajiib ah Dzhordzhio Kapitani xad dhaaf ka tarjumaysaa dabeecad ee Pope ee, uu uga go'an tahay in ay hadafyada dhalinyarada, xorriyadda shakhsi ahaaneed, is afgarasho iyo dulqaadasho.