Patina - waa maxay? patina Xaggee codsatay

From qadiimiga ku caashaqa oo aad inta badan aad maqli karo eray bixin sida: "patina." Waa maxay waxa ay, hubaal jeclaan lahaa in la ogaado badan oo dadka isticmaala Internet. article soo socda, waxaan isku dayi doonaa in la siiyo su'aashan jawaab ugu faahfaahsan. Sidaas daraaddeed, waa maxay patina ah?

qeexidda

All kuwa abid booqday madxafka oo ah waa aragnay lacagta birta ah ee qadiimiga ah cagaaran, madoobaan la chandeliers waqtiga, iyo laambadahoodii yaryaraa derbiga iyo waxyaabaha biraha daahan yeedhay patina sidaas on. D. daahan. midabka ah ee filimkan kala duwanaan karaan xadka ballaaran. Xaaladaha intooda badan la aasaasay by tallaabada ee wakiilada Hawada ee patina gabowga dabiiciga ah waxa ay leedahay towns a cagaar. Laakiin mararka qaarkood waa brown, cawlan madow ama buluug.

formula kiimikada

Jawaabta su'aasha ah: "Patina - waxa uu yahay" ka barta of view of farmashiyaha waa mid aad u fudud. The film copper keentay waa ka ahayn CuCO ee caadiga ah ₃ ma _jiro. Tani waxay noqon kartaa, tusaale ahaan, CU ₂ (CO ₃₎ (OH) ₂ ama ₃ CU (CO ₃₎ 2 (OH). duwanaansho horeysay huurada leedahay midabo godgodan (malachite), labaad - buluug (azurite).

patina Dabiiciga ah sida caadiga ah dhacdaa waqti dheer ah gudahood. Xaaladaha intooda badan, film ka mid ah waxyaabaha noocan oo kale ah sida carbonate copper, si ay wax soo saarka, waxayna ku xiran tahay shuruudaha, waxaa la aasaasay for 5-25 sano. Haddii shayga waxa uu ku yaalaa deegaan qoyan, qayilo, dabcan, tegi doonaa dhakhso. In wax soo saarka daahan qolka qalalan siday u kala horreeyaan daboolay ka dib.

Markii hore, fikirka ah "patina" (waxa ay tahay inaad soo baratay) codsatay kaliya in filimka la aasaasay on copper ah, naxaas ah ama naxaas. Later eraygiisii waxay bilaabeen inay soo wac iyo huurada muuqday on alwaax, ku malaastaan, oo buluug in steel ah buluug, iyo wixii la mid ah D..

History of patination

Xaqiiqada ah in oo waxyaalihii hore eegto adag iyo haybadda leh, qof walbana waa ogyahay. Sababta tani sida caadiga ah waa carbonate copper ah - patina. Sida sugidda ee dusha sare ee wax soo saarka waxay noqon doontaa this xisaab huurada sharaf leh muddo aad u dheer, noocyo kala duwan oo farsamooyinka ogolaada in si aad u hesho hab aan dabiici ahayn ayaa lagu sameeyay horumar.

gacanta horreeyey waxaa la sameeyey waxyaalihii hore bilowday in ay samayso qarnigii 14aad ee Florence. Patination ka dibna loo isticmaalo gypsum, taas oo qabanaysa hulalka ee dusha sare ee wax soo saarka alwaax. Ka dib markii qalajinta ey isku on saarka alabastar dhejiyo caleen dahab. Markaas, dhammaan dahaadhey.

Technology biraha patination macmal ah ayaa sidoo kale wakhti dheer dheer horumariyo. The sayid qadiimiga ogaaday in la sameeyey intii lagu gubanayo baruurta on daahan baaquli bir ah waligiiba abuurmeena. Sidaa darteed, qiyaastii Halabuurka la mid ah kiimikada laga codsadaa in filimka bilaabay farshaxan iyo shubay kale farshaxanka.

patina Xagee loo isticmaalo

Maanta, farsamo this waxaa sidoo kale inta badan lagu qurxiyey alaabta guriga loogu talagalay meelood nool. Mararka qaarkood patina waxaa laga codsadaa in ay da 'ah waxyaabaha Qurxinta macmal ah xafiisyada dadka ganacsatada ah. eegno Aad u cajiib ah oo ku dhameysatay kaalinta waxyaabaha sidaas been abuurtay. lagu qurxiyey karaa banisters patina macdan ah, dayrarka, cay iyo balakoonka t. D.

Sidoo kale, marar aad u badan farsamadaa waxa loo isticmaalaa gabowga macmal ah oo ah naxaas iyo naxaas coinages. Sida ee la soo dhaafay, patina mararka qaarkood waxaa laga arki karaa on biraha kabka (steel, naxaas iyo bir) Qurxinta. Waxaa dhacaya D. in jidka ka dhigay this xusuus qadaadiicda "jir ah", bilado, Astaantooda, iyo wixii la mid ah. D. Badanaa macmal patina daboolay chandeliers copper, sconces, taarikada iyo saldhigyadiisa madaxtooyada t.

patina Artificial: gaboobaya ee rinjiga

Patination ee alaabta guriga, darfahoodii, baararka biraha , iyo wixii la mid ah. Waxaa aad inta badan loo isticmaalaa this habka aad u qabow. Gabowga ee rinjiga la sameeyaa sida soo socota:

• Shayga laga sameeyey bir ama alwaax si buuxda loo nadiifiyo iyo degreased.

• Its dusha waa la safeeyey, iyo mararka qaar wax yar ka bleached.

• Sameeyaa si sax ah patina. Rinjiga caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo la looxa. walxuhu Kuwaasi waa adkaysi u ah waxyeello ka soo gaartey ee deegaanka oo sidaas waa qaali ahayn. Kale, formaldehyde qaalisan waxaa loo isticmaali karaa si aad ugu qorshayso waxyaabaha yaryar.

• Running darane dusha. Xaaladdan oo kale, qaybo ka ridday ee gargaarka lagu muujiyey, oo koriya ka sii madow. Sidaas darteed, waxaa soo baxday on sinnayn metrik "patinovoe" daahan.

• Shayga waa la daboolay lakabka ilaaliya ee xabagta ama saliid (qoryo).

Gabowga been abuurtay, tuntay iyo doorsoon articles by yahay kiimikada

reagents Patinated caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo soo saaridda ee alaabta birta ah madaxtooyada. Si aad u hesho sharaf leh film ku saabsan waxyaabaha sida Cukuse, farshaxan, iyo shabaggeedii T. G. waxaa loo isticmaali karaa noocyo kala duwan oo kimiko ah. patina cagaaran Dabiiciga on copper, naxaas ah oo naxaas ah u diidan aad u adag tahay in la sameeyo. Laakiin waxaad heli kartaa patina midabyo kale oo xiiso leh. Tusaale ahaan, mararka qaarkood daaweynta ee alaabta naxaasta laga sameeyey waa in Halabuurka noocan oo kale ah:

• beerka sulfuric - 2.3 g;

• cusbo - 3.2 g;

• biyo - 1 litir.

Marka xiriir la waxyaabaha copper xal helay iyaga on muuqan patina hadh dhalaalaya wacan oo cawl.

Waayo, naxaas gabowga macmal ah waxyaalaha decoration waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa samaynta noocan oo kale ah:

• cusbo sernovatistonatrievaya (jiheeye in ay ku duubaan) - 60 g,

• acid nitric - 5 g

Sidaas darteed of isku qasin, kuwaas oo ah maaddooyinka reaction xooggan bilaabo. patina Color kiiskan, waxaa soo baxday ku dhowaad madow. xal Tani waxay isku dayaan in ay isticmaalaan sayidkii sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ee suurtogalka ah (ugu badnaan 20 daqiiqo). Haddii kale waa lumin doonaa hantida oo uu noqdo nacay patination.

Sida aad arki karto, waayo habka kiimikada Qurxinta walxaha biraha gaboobaya waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa ilaa xad halis ku ah caafimaadka dadka. Sidaas daraaddeed soo saaro patina ah oo kaliya la-gashi iyo daaqadaha furan.

Kaas oo isticmaala patinated kaamerada

Technology Tani waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalo soo saaridda ee alaabta birta qurux badan. Tusaale ahaan, cayn ah mid aad u fudud dhigay burnishing. biraha waxaa la dhigayaa in dabka oo halkaas sii hayo ilaa casaan ah. Markaasuu wuxuu si deg deg ah lagu rusheeyey weel saliid ah mashiinka. Sidaas darteed, dushiisa steel waxaa la aasaasay patinovy toxobta madow ku dhow isla markiiba.

Halkan sidan oo codsatay in ay dusha biraha iyo qoryo macmal "patina." waa waxa aan ka helay. By waaweyn iyo, patina dabiiciga ah - waa mid muujisa jirka ah ee wax soo saarka ayaa soo maray tan iyo taariikhda soo saaridda of tobanaan sano, qarniyo, ama xataa tobankii. nooc ka mid ah technology gabowga macmal ah oo kala duwan loo isticmaalo ee ugu for soo saaridda ee cayn kasta oo alaabta madaxtooyada in ka dhigi kartaa gudaha ee mudan hoyga iyo haybadda leh.