Order Andreya Pervozvannogo: taariikhda, sharaxaad, geesigeeda

Order of St. Andrew - mid ka mid ah calaamadaha ugu weyn ee gobolka Ruush. Ma aha oo kaliya in, uu ka mid yahay ugu horeeya ee la aasaasay sharaf dalka, isagu waa waqti dheer - ilaa 1917 - uu heer sare ee madaxda ee amarada gobolka iyo bilado. In 1998, xaaladda this by amar Borisa Eltsina u soo noqday.

Order Andreya Pervozvannogo loo abuuray in waqti aad u adag, waayo, dalka, waxaa jiray diyaarinta firfircoon ee Northern War Great, Russia ayaa la isku diyaarineysa in ay noqdaan par leh awoodaha xoog badan oo Yurub ah. The ugu horeysay ee abaalmarinta state Ruush ahayd in ay calaamad u sharafta ee dalka, iyada xaq u leeyihiin in ay ixtiraamaan laga soo saaray dalalka kale. Lama filaan ma aha sokoeye ee abaalmarinta tani waa mid ka mid ah xertii dhow Peter loo doortay - Andrey Pervozvanny, oo ciyaaray hal mar doorka weyn ee formation of Kievan rus.

qaynuun qabyada ah, kuwaas oo ku tilmaamay Andreya Amarka Pervozvannogo, oo ay ku jiraan diyaarinta iyo dadaalka firfircoon ee Peter I. Sida laga soo xigtay mid ka mid ah version waxa uu ahaa kii ugu soo jeediyay in la sameeyo astaanta abaalmarintan laba tallaabay khadadka caddaan on beer buluug, iyo Order laftiisa la siiyo kuwa si Fatherland ku lahaa "adeeg weyn ". Qadarka on Dhisida Amarka la saxiixay by gooyo mustaqbalka dabayaaqadii March 1699.

cajalad ugu horeysay Knights ', kaas oo deyr leh by Andreya Amarka Pervozvannogo, isku day on Admiral FA Golovin, laakiin geesigeeda labaad ee dhibaatada soo baxay, oo wuxuu noqday yaabbaa caan Ivan Mazepa, kuwaas oo ugu dhakhsaha badan isu dhiibay Charles XII, waayo, ma aha oo kaliya ahaa inkaarnaado, laakiin sidoo kale laga badiyay abaalmarinta ugu sareysa ee Ruush. Butros, kadis ah, waxay noqdeen oo kaliya haystaha lixaad of this si sare.

Knights of Andreya Amarka Pervozvannogo helay insignia, taas oo ahayd cross lacag ah, wax tara oo ku saabsan asalka ah laba madax gorgor midabka dahabka iyo xiddiga sideed wadno. Xaggiisa calaamad this ahaa rinji buluug iyo lahaa ee xarunta of image ah Andreya Pervozvannogo. Order lahaa in la gashado on rashinkana buluug, wato intuu wadhfiyey uu garabka midig, naaska bidix ahaa ukraschat xiddiga sideed wadno.

Ka dibna, goobada ee codsadayaasha abaalmarintan ayaa waxaa ku koobnayn aqoonyahanada dalka ugu sarreeya ee gobolka, oo aad u abaalmarin iyaga siin qof xaq u leeyahay inuu horyaalka ee Sarreeye guud. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa ay noqotay caado bandhigaysaa Andreya Amarka Pervozvannogo at xubnaha dhalmada ee qoyska Imperial.

Isla, milkiilayaasha Ruush abaalmarinta this ma noqon karaan laba iyo toban ka badan. Just waqtiga Revolution February ah, Andreya Amarka Pervozvannogo waxaa la guddoonsiiyey, sida lagu sheegay qiyaaso kala duwan, ka 900 in 1,100 qof, oo ay ku jiraan dad caan ah sida Alexander Suvorov, G. Potemkin, Rumyantsev, Napoleon. Milkiilaha ugu danbeysay ee abaalmarintan ku Saarka Russia ahaa wakiil ah qoyska boqortooyada Prince Roman Petrovich.

In Russia oo casri ah, Andreya Amarka Pervozvannogo mar kale qaaday kaalinteedii sida abaalmarinta ugu weyn dalka ee 1998-kii. Its muuqaalka loo abuuray by ah Dakatu badbaaday, sidaa daraadeed waxa uu si buuxda u koobiyada amarka, taas oo ahayd ilaa 1917. Abaalmarinta ugu horeysay waxaa la siiyey caanka academician Dmitry Likhachev. Ka dibna, waxay la siiyay 12 qof oo kale, oo ay ku jiraan Nazarbayev, Kalashnikov, Solzhenitsyn, Alexiy II, ka Mikhalkov S..