Ontogenesis of nin. Sharaxaad kooban oo. ontogeny ee habdhiska aadanaha

ontogeny Nin waa hab ka mid ah horumarinta shaqsiga laga bilaabo waqtiga la fikrad ilaa uu ka dhinto. The sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee ay si dhow u la xiriira transformations oo tayo iyo tiroba si gaar ah loo qeexay, waayo, heer kasta.

Fikradda ah "ontogeny" markii ugu horeysay lagu soo bandhigay by Haeckel (nin cilmiga nafleyda barta Jarmal) ee 1866. wakiillo ka kala duwan ee dunida xayawaanka waa asalka ah ee horumarinta kala duwan. Sayidka, ontogenesis nooca larval cayayaanka dhacdaa Metamorphosis raaceen. In xoolaha, ukun-saareen, horumarinta shakhsiga dhacdaa inta badan ee ukunta by deegaanka dibadda dhigay. xayawaanka mandheerta, qofka loo horumariyo karaa utero. Xaaladdan oo kale, habka wuxuu u qaybsan yahay saddex: postembryonic, SNMna, proembrionalny.

Last lagu gartaa ay formation iyo horumarka ka mid ah unugyada jinsiga lab iyo dhaddig - gametes, taas oo la aasaasay at kulanka of ukunta dilaacday.

Ontogeny on SNMna aadanaha muddo (SNMna) ka kooban oo ka mid ah tallaabooyinka embriyaha iyo uurjiifka.

xilliga umusha waxaa laga bilaabaa ka dib markii ogolaansho dhalashada. Heerkan waxa socdaa uu nool yahay, dhamaanayey dhimasho. ontogeny aadanaha umusha qaybsan tallaabo da'da. At heer kasta, jidhka Oo Qaliin ay jidh iyo isbeddellada jirkooda. , Sida laga soo xigtay khubaro muddooyinka ugu nugul iyo muhiim tahay dayska ah (wakhtiga eynu ee shaqada galmada), iyo qaangaarka (stage qaangaadhnimada). Kuwanu waa qaababka ugu muhiimsan ee ontogenesis aadanaha.

Marxaladaha hore ee nolosha uurjiifka waxa lagu gartaa dhalashada habka dhexe ee neerfayaasha. ontogeny ee habka dareemayaasha ee aadanaha oo ku sii socda inta lagu guda jiro sano ee ugu horreeya dhalashada ka dib.

saxan qeybinta dhabbar waxaa la aasaasay ee embriyaha. Later, jeexdin ee neural, oo markii danbe - tuubada neural.

Waayo, todobaadkii embriyaha lagu gartaa dhagid yar ee tube ee waaxda afka. saddex kaadi maskaxda (hoose) oo lagu sameeyay toddobaadka saddexaad ee degaanka madaxii neefka, gadaal, dhexe, Front. Kuwaas oo kala ah, meelaha aasaasiga ah ee maskaxda (diamond-qaabeeya, dhexe, dhammaadka). Ka dibna, waxaa jira kala ah in labada hays (hore iyo xagga dambe). From the final sameeyay maskaxda iyo muhimka ah (subcortical).

By bishii saddexaad ee horumarinta SNMna uu bilaabay in uu aqoonsado meelaha ugu muhiimsan ee habka dhexe ee neerfayaasha. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid barka ah ee maskaxda, intraventricular maskaxda, jirridda, laf-dhabarta. By bishii shanaad loo qoondeeyey ee kiliyaha (barka) grooves ugu weyn. Afar asbuuc ka dib go'aamisay baahsanaanta ee (nooca functional) oo ka mid ah qaybaha sare oo ka mid ah stem-spinal.

Unugyada dareemaha ah embriyaha iyo dhasha waxaa lagu abaabulaa xoog xaalkii cad oo dusha hemispheric. Maaddaama ay dusha ka soo kordha bilaabmaa socdaalka unugyada in arrinta cawlan.

Marka la barbar dhigo dadka waaweyn, dhasha ah ee barka ah kiliyaha xuubka occipital leeyahay size a weyn. ontogeny ee aadanaha ee shanta ugu horeysay - lix sano ka dib dhalashada ayaa cayimayo gaar ah. Muddadan, isbedelka ugu weyn meesha uu qaab dhismeedka, qaabka iyo tirada convolutions hemispheric. Waayo, shan iyo toban - toban xusay qaar ka mid ah egyihiin dadka waaweyn.

Waayo, sifo muddada ummusha ee isbeddel ah ee laf dhabarta. dhasha A waa ka sii dheer tahay in qof weyn. laf-dhabarta u koraa si ku dhow labaatan sano.

Dhasha habdhiska myelinated (-dahaarle) kuma filna, meesha uu fiber dareemaha xidhmo xidhmo isugu caadi ahayn, oo ay (alwaaxdii saqafka) dhif u yihiin.

shaqaynaya ee habdhiska daaqsinka ka bilaabantaa qofka laga bilaabo dhalashada. In muddada dhalmada isku darsanka iyo waxa lagu qoray noodes shaqsi iyo formation of murugsan neural nidaamka u dabacsanaadaan.