Angiosperms - sare ee horumar ah ee dunida geedka

dhirta helaan dalka, kaas oo ka dhacay bilowga muddada Silurian (oo ku saabsan 435 million. sano ka hor), oo ay la socdaan tiro ka mid ah isbedel evolutionary tayo. Geedaha ayaa lagu qasbay inuu la qabsado xaaladaha nolosha tan kuwa dhulkuna beddelo. In horumar ah ee ay unugyada cusub muuqday (epidermis, xylem, phloem, unugyada farsamo) iyo xubnaha (biqilka caleenta iyo xidid). Waqti ka, Rhyniophyta ee heer hoose ah ma la aasaasay caleemaha ayaa la bedelay noocyada Fern in faafiyey Earth ee Devonian (oo ku saabsan 400 million. Years ago). In Mesozoic ah (235-132 Million. Years ago) on meeraha a Dadwaynaha gymnosperms, iyo waxa ka dambeeya waxaa jira angiosperms, taas waxaa loo arkaa saaray munaaraddii ee flora horumar.

Angiosperms barwaaqoobaa in Cenozoic ah - Epoch ah dhulka, oo waxay bilaabeen ku saabsan 66 milyan oo sano ka hor iyo sii wadaan in ay wakhtigan la joogo .. Inkastoo, idinkoo xukumaya by daabacayaa ee ceegaagta dhagaxa, waxay ku soo laabtay Mesozoic (oo ku saabsan 130 million. Years ago) ahaayeen, laakiin waxay ahaayeen noocyo dhawr iyo heer hoose ah. The angiosperms horrayn - wakiilada Nymphaeales kooxda, taas oo ka mid ah Fiiriya ubaxyada biyaha.

Currently, waaxda waa ugu badan. Inta u dhaxaysa dhulbaraha iyo ulo ka laba waxaa goob lahayn, halkaas oo ay jiraan xaaladaha nolosha dhirta, laakiin angiosperms lagama helin. Intaa waxaa dheer in ay suuragal tahay kala duwanaanshaha ubalaadhan juquraafi, angiosperms lagu gartaa miday foomamka iyo hababka ee koritaanka. duckweed Ghadafi oolna dusha sare ee balli, iyo geed weyn baobab, ku nool boqolaal iyo xitaa kun oo sano, cacti lagu mudayo iyo orchids, xarrago leh, suubban iyo Daisy Rafaa Rafflesia ubaxa dhexroorka meter haysta - oo dhan waxay ka tirsan tahay waaxda this. Waxay jeelyihiin in koox weyn - angiosperms biyaha deggan biyaha saafiga ah (inta badan) iyo cusbada (inta badan ka yar) balliyada. views noocan oo kale ah ma aha kuwo heer hoose ah, in la barbardhigo, waa natiijada qabsashada foomamka jidhadhka dhulka deegaanka biyaha.

feature ugu weyn ee angiosperms - joogitaanka of ubax, xubnaha generative, mas'uul ka taranka iyo galmada oo soo jiidata wakiilada pollinating. Sidaa awgeed, magaca labaad ee waaxda - dhirta ubax (Magnoliophita).

Dhalmada ee angiosperms si toos ah ugu xiran habka of pollination, kaas oo ku lug leedahay cayayaanka, shimbiraha, nuujiya, dabaysha iyo biyaha. In ugu cimiladu caalamka wakiilada aasaasiga ah waxaa pollinating cayayaanka. In latitudes kulaylaha, shaqo taas waxaa loo sameeyaa by shimbiraha iyo nuujiya. Cows in seeraha, deel iyo savannas, lamadegaanka sagebrush, noocyada geed ee Dhuldhoobo iyo haadka dhexe, dhirta dhiiqo waa dabayl-pollinated. pollination Water yara naadir ah (hydrophilic) - waa caadiga ah ee noocyada ah, ubaxa ee biyaha hoostooda ku Bloom (tusaale Zostera). In kuwa zones cimilada meesha samayn karana mid ka mid ah hababka soo socda, is-pollination dhacdaa.

Marxaladda xigta ee dhalmo - bacrinta iyo formation miro. Department of Angiosperms dhirta lagu gartaa-ka loo yaqaan nooca unugyada labka iyo dheddiga double. Manka in uu helo on ceebeynta, "biqilka", iyo raggii ovule dhaqaaqo iyada oo tube manka unugyada jinsiga. Mid ka mid ah manida ku lug leh unugyada labka iyo dheddiga ah ee ukunta, iyo kuwa kale ee ku xiran yahay in daaha gaarka ah ee unugyada - lakabka SNMna. Sidaas darteed, in qofkii ugu horreeyey ee, ilmaha caloosha ku, iyo labaad - unugyada kaydinta awood ay loogu talagalay.

Waxaa jira koox ka mid ah dhirta in aadan u baahan pollination (miraha loo sameeyay oo aan ka qaybgalka manka) ee formation of midhaha. Kooxdan waxaa ka mid ah dandelions, go'iisii marwada ee, noocyo qaar ka mid ah buttercups.

Sidoo kale waxaa jira dhirta in vegetatively waxaa advantageously faafin, Goldogob formation ubax wajiga, pollination iyo farcankaaga koriinkedu. Tani waxay wataan, rhizome iyo qaar ka mid ah wakiilada kale ee angiosperms ah.