Munaaraddii Giotto ee Florence

Mid ka mid ah ugu caansan indhaha ee Florence waa Tower of Giotto. Photos of munaaraddii dawan la qurxiyey karkan, boodhadhka, t-shirts, koobabka iyo qadiin kale la views magaalada qadiimiga Talyaani. Tower ayaa ciyaaray door muhiim ah nolosha Dr Makumbe Florence. Bilowgiiba, waxa ay ahayd in ay u adeegaan sida calaamad u ah weynaanta, xoog ciidan iyo madax-bannaanida magaalada. In this article waxaan ku tilmaami dhismaha munaaradda dawan of daynta. Sight waa mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu horeeya ee liiska waa in uu arko in Florence. dalxiisayaal badan oo ma ogid meeshay in la raadiyo munaaraddii by Giotto. Dhanka kale, waa munaaraddii dawan ee Cathedral ee Santa Maria del Fiore ah.

qiimaha Campanile for Florence

Si aad u fahamto doorka iyo munaaraddii dawan ee nolosha Dr Makumbe ee magaalada Talyaani, waxaan u baahan nahay in la sameeyo wax yar taariikh. At Warega of qarniyadii XIII-XIV ee Italy, cabaadeen leh halis ah dagaalo sokeeye oo u dhexeeya Guelphs iyo gibbelinami. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u dooday sidii loo xoojin lahaa awood le'daan, halka Pepe uu ku dooday in ay saameyn ku gooyo. guul ciidamada XDS ku keentay in Lagaga ah Curia Roomaanka. Golaha gibbelinskih munaaraddii dhalashada lagu soo qariyay, milkiilayaasha ay ku dileen ama diray maxaabiis ahaan.

Si ay u muujiyaan hore ee xaalkaas u waasac ay catholicity, dawladda magaalada bilaabay inuu noobiyad dawan sare ee cathedrals Gothic dhiso. "Tiirsanu" Tower of Pisa - taasi waa mid ka mid ah. Florence, taas oo ay muddo dheer kula tartamayay Siena ee dhinaca of kuwaas oo xilli noqon doontaa sare, iyo doonayay at kharashka oo dhan si ay u dhisaan in munaaraddii ugu sareeya uu cathedral ee Dawan. Oo waxaa jiray munaaraddii ka mid ah Giotto. Magaaladu waxay go'aansadeen in ay bixiso qiimaha ay kor u taagan iyo in la shaqeeya dhismaha ee ugu moodada iyo, sida, sayidkayga u qaali ah. Qoraalka waxa ka dibna wuxuu sheegayaa: "Ololaha waa in magaalada ammaani, iyo this waxaa la samayn karaa oo kaliya haddii shaqada lagu hoggaamin doonaa odayga qudbad ... In duniduna ma ay tahay in la helo qof leeyahay tayo ka badan Giotto Fiorentine Bondone."

Dhismaha munaaraddii

Sida laga soo xigtay Buzadag ee Talyaani Cathedral tahay Gothic, qolka baabtiiska (baptistry) iyo ilaa munaaraddii kor dawan (campanile) ay ahayd in ay ka soo kasta oo kale oo kala duwan. Kaliya labo sano ka dib bilowga dhismaha Cathedral ee Santa Maria del Fiore, ee 1298, waxaa la qoday god aasaas munaaradda. Asal ahaan, belfry in ay wada dhisaan la tashaday wakiishay naqshadeeyaha ugu Arnolfo di Cambio. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1302 uu u dhintay, oo dhismaha ku jiray munaaraddii jalaska by intii soddon sannadood joojiyay. July 9, 1334 hoggaamiyaha kiniisaddu magaalada furtaa dhigay horta dhagax iyo meeshii munaaraddii ay ahayd in ay ku kici quduus ka dhigay. Giotto bilowday, iyadoo magaalada ah isaga dhigay sanadkii mushaar ahaan u boqol florins dahab - wadarta weyn waqtiga. Master, kuwaas oo ahaa markaas 67 sano jir ah, ku bixiyeen garsooraha moodada "Jarmal" model. Waxa uu sidoo kale qaaday tixgelinayo guulaha ay naqshadeeyaha ugu of katedraalka by Arnolfo di Cambio in campanile in wada noolaanshaha la dhismaha kaniisadda polychrome. Giotto loo isticmaalo farsamo ah oo lagu magacaabo "chiaroscuro", samaynta munaaraddii muuqataa in rinji. Master sidoo kale loogu talagalay sawiro dahabka, taariikhda waxa loogu yeero. Laakiin marmar in ay ogaadaan qorshaha uu ma haysan waqti. in 1337 uu ku dhintay, marka munaaraddii Giotto ee Florence waxaa la dhisay ka hor tier ugu horeysay.

dhismaha Continued

Waxaa u muuqan lahaa, ha ka welwelina, waayo, magaalada, khasaaradan toona ma keeno. Barbaro sayidkiisa qudbad, xisaabin iyo Dakatu "sheekooyinka" oo dhan marmar ah, taas oo uu loogu tala galay in ay meel on derbiyada, mar hore si ammaan ah lagu kaydiyaa garsooraha. Laakiin qunsiliyadda waxay go'aansatay in ay ku martiqaado sii of dhismaha ugu yaraan naqshadeeyaha ugu qudbad - Andrea Pisano. Tani waxay dhismaha caanka ah kii saaxir ah portal koonfureed Baptistery ah. Wuxuu ka shaqeeyey on munaaraddii dawan ilaa 1343 oo maamula si ay u dhisaan soo socda, heerka labaad. Si kastaba ha ahaatee ilaa munaaraddii kor Giotto xilligan la joogo waxaa lagu qurxiyey biforami sare. Iyada oo inta ka dhiman odayga si adag u raacay sawiro uu ka tagay Giotto.

In 1347 wuxuu isagoo xaaqan oo dhan of Europe "dhimasho madow." From belaayada ku dhintay iyo Andrea Pisano. Naqshadle saddexaad, Francesco Talenti, dhameystiray dhismaha munaaradda jalaska. Waxa uu la soo nooleeyey, sida ay sheegtay qorshe Giotto, saddex noocyo marmar ah, laakiin sidoo kale sameeyay isbedel ay ku qabyada ah ee asalka ah. Weli, tan iyo bilowgii dhismaha qarnigii quarter ee la soo dhaafay, iyo style Jarmal baxay fashion. Sida ay munaaraddii 122-mitir dawan uuraysatay lahaa in ay guursadaan height a teendhada square ah "50 dhudhun". In 1359 Talenti ula kac tagay fikradda ah. sawirka ugu horeeya ee, kaas oo hadda lagu hayaa ee Museum of Siena, iyo xilli dhow Cathedral Florence yihiin aad u kala duwan. Laakiin, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in laba injineero xigta keenay fikrado badan oo ay Abuuridda abuuridda cajiib ah this of art, munaaraddii dawan weli waxbay ushafeeci idanka magaca "Tower of Giotto."

Meeday campanile ah

sarajooggiisu dhismaha 84 mitir waa adag tahay inuu seegi doono. kakan oo dhan ee dhismayaasha ku yaal Square Cathedral ee Florence. Tani waa kiniisadda Santa Maria del Fiore (turjumaad - "Our Lady of Ubax ah") iyo ilaa munaaraddii kor dawan free-taagan iyo Baptistery of San Giovanni. Marka jeeda portal ugu weyn ee Cathedral ee, ee Tower of Giotto waa dhankiisa midigta waxaa ka mid ah.

decoration dibadda

Beauty of munaaraddii jalaska soo jiita. Inkastoo monumentality iyo height, waxa ay u muuqataa dheeraad ah sida dahabka badan dhismaha. munaaraddii waa xarrago, daboolin. qeybinta Self-jira iyo daaqadaha Gothic sare u sameeyo slimmer. Tower of Giotto wajahay saddex nooc oo marmar ah: Carrara baraf-cad ah, oo cagaaran Prato iyo Siena in cas. The furan Gothic-xidhka daabaca columns qaloocin. qobays Muuse shaqeeyaan Cosmati walaalo qubuuraha derbiyada caddaan iyo cagaar.

Sidaana iyo Bas-reliefs

Waa sababta oo ah decoration iyo Tower caanka ah ee Giotto. Meeday darfaha saaxir ah? Giotto ayaa tagay dhowr ah oo horumar ah. Waxaa laga yaabaa in darfaha qaar ka mid ah heerarka koowaad iyo labaad waa kuwa magaabay wiil ama ardayda ee dugsiga. Marka hore, saddex dhinac ku jiray munaaraddii Giotto lagu ladhay Bas-reliefs. Later, darfaha qaar ka abuuray sayidkiisa Luca della Robbia. heerka seddexaad ee belfry la qurxiyey lix iyo toban Sidaana. qoray Original Donatello dhaqaaqay matxafka, oo ay ku Nuqulada dabaysha, qorraxda iyo roobka. Qaar ka mid ah marmar ah "taariikhda" aaneeyey inay u Andrea Pisano.

aragtida

Tagis fikradda asalka ah, Talenti, naqshada la soo dhaafay ku jiray munaaraddii jalaska, ma xitaa ogeyn in Eebay adeeg weyn ka ab ka badan oo dalxiisayaal ah. Sababo la xiriira isbeddel ah ee mashruuca munaaraddii Giotto ee Florence ahaa hoose ku dhawaad afartan mitir, laakiin waxa uu helay madal daawashada a. Haddaba, jebinta ee 414 talaabooyinka, aad u bogi karaa Panorama ee magaalada qadiimiga ah, si ay u eegaan si faahfaahsan qubbad shaqada Brunelleschi. jaranjarada oo dhan gudaha iyo munaaraddii waa la gooyay by tiro badan oo ah daaqadaha iyo si tartiib tartiib ah looga gudbo marxaladda, aad ku raaxaysan karaan iftiin sida munaarad dawan decoration shalash.

A hal entry in campanile ku kharash 6 euros. Wax badan ayaa faa'iido si ay u iibsadaan tikidhada ah dhafan 10 Haah, oo ay ku jiraan booqasho uu ku munaaraddii, wadini, ka Baptistery of San Giovanni, crypt ee Saint Reparata iyo madxafka oo taariikhi ah.