Muddo Abaalmarinta: Qiimaha iyo mabaadii'da guud ee design

Marka la samaynayo go'aanada ku saabsan maalgelinta mashaariicda si maalgashadeyaal qiimeeyo isku-dhafan. Tani waa xaaladda suuqa maalgashiga iyo dhaqaalaha, iyo waayo-aragnimo Maal meel gaar ah, iyo xaaladda geopolitical ee gobolka, iyo wax ka badan. Mid ka mid ah tilmaamayaasha muhiim ah - waa ay bulshsada. Isagu waa muddada lagu jiro taas oo faa'iido u net qaadi doono qiimaha wanaagsan. In si kale loo dhigo, waxa uu muujinayaa markii ugu taas oo maalgashi bilowga bixin doonaa. Xaquuqda iyo bilowgii dhabta ah ee dhaqanka ee hawlgallada, ama waqtiga maalgashi bilowga ah. Dabcan, Maal kasta oo xiiseynaya in xaqiiqda ah in muddada ay bulshsada sida gaaban ee suurtogalka ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, doorashadan waa in la tixgeliyaa in lala tilmaamayaasha sida, tusaale ahaan, heerka khatarta. Mashaariicda la heer sare ah muddo khatarta ay bulshsada waa in ay ahaataa mid gaaban, maxaa yeelay, maal ka waddaa halista ah ee ma aha oo kaliya iyaga u gaar ah, laakiin lacag u amaahannay. Waxaa si gaar ah muhiim in muddada uu ahaa mid ku yar, haddii lacagaha hore ku koobnayn loo qoondeeyey, tusaale ahaan, casriyeeyo saarka gaboobaya.

Determination of muddada lagu qiyaasay bulshsada, i.e. gaaro dhibic breakeven ma aha waqti lumis geedi socodka, iyo faa'iido weyn ee mashruuca habka qiimeynta soo jiidashada maalgashi this. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa aanu qaadan Karin in lagu xisaabiyo qaybinta maalgashiga iyo arrimo kale, taas oo aan u oggolayn Heer sare ah ee saxsanaanta odoroska faa'iidada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta lagu guda jiro qiimaynta bilowga ah ee soo jiidashada ka mid ah dhowr mashruuc oo ay inta badan marka la barbar dhigo muddo ah ee ay bulshsada.

In dhaqaalaha xilligii Soviet isticmaalay ereyga "mudada ay bulshsada maalgelinta raasamaalka" ah, ie muddada taas oo saamayn ku yeelan kara kharashka soo saarka. saamayn Tani waxay noqon kartaa faa'iido, laakiin sidoo kale ku kici kaydka, haddii aan ka fiirsan ganacsi hal. Waxaan ka codsan eraygan u warshadaha iyo dalka oo dhan, halka hoos saamaynta dakhliga qaranka celceliska. Saamayntii mashruuca waxaa ka go'an, oo ku salaysan xaqiiqada raacay mudada sharciyeed ay bulshsada ama ma.

Sida loo xisaabiyo mudada ay bulshsada mashruuca lagu falanqeeyay? Currently, waxaa jira habab dhowr ah. Doorashada waxay ku xiran tahay in xaddiga qulqulka lacag caddaan ah ka mashruuca waa isku mid sannad ka sannad, oo ka in xisaabta lagu darsado marka la xisaabinayo in qiimaha beddelo of lacag.

1. kiiska ugu fudud - halkaas oo la qiyaasayo in ay howshaasi ka sale mashruuca maalgelinta isku mid u ah oo dhan sanadaha soo socda uu noqon doono. Markaas muddada ay bulshsada ah (loo soo gaabiyo PP, ka Ingiriisi Abaalmarinta Period) ayaa waxaa loo xisaabiyaa by formula fudud PP = I / CF. Halkee ayaan ka - mugga guud ee maalgashiga, iyo CF - dakhliga celceliska.

2. Habka ay hay'daha xisaabinta loo isticmaalo lacag kaash ah sinnayn socodka ka mashruuca. Aasaaska isku, laakiin si gaar ah loo xisaabiyaa tirada guud ee waqti iyo dakhli.

3. Haddii aad tixgeliyaan ka beddelo qiimaha lacag badan sannadihii mashruuca, waxaa aynu ka hadalnaa ah muddada ay bulshsada jaban. Waxaa loo yaqaan discounting xisaabinta qiimaha jooga ah ee lacagta la filayaa in la helo mustaqbalka. Xisaabinta waxaa la sameeyaa iyadoo la tixgelinayo heerka sicir-dhimis ah in la go'aamiyo ku salaysan heerka khatarta-free ah, raaceen by fiirsaneysa dhan khatarta. Heerka sicir-dhimis ayaa sidoo kale waxaa lagu xisaabiyaa laga yaabaa in gudaha heerka of laabto, boqolkiiba caasimada dheeraad ah iwm

Si Loo soo kobo muddada ay bulshsada yahay Faraj muhiim u ah si deg deg ah gacan ka barbardhigi soo jiidashada maalgashi of tiro ka mid ah mashaariicda, laakiin waxaa laga yaabaa in aanay noqon tilmaame lagu kalsoonaan karo oo ka mid ah faa'iidada iyo isku halaynta of maalgelinta.