Mosaics Byzantine ee Ravenna

In magaalo gobolka, ee ku taalla xeebaha badda Adriya hore, waxaa inta badan u taliya bedelay, iyo mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah ayaa isku dayay in ay qurxiyaan Ravenna daaraha waaweyn oo cusub iyo kuwo macbudyo dhaca, oo sababtay in jawharad Talyaaniga ayaa noqonaya xarunta weyn ee farshaxanka naqshadda ee dalka. Waxay ku taallaa inta u dhaxaysa East iyo West, waa trove khasnad ah goobaha taariikhiga u gaar ah, sideed ka mid ah taas oo hoos ilaalinta UNESCO waa a.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, soo jiidashada ugu weyn ee Ravenna barakaysan waa in la tixgeliyaa ka mosaics ugu qiimaha badan, taas oo lagu arkay macno ahaan meel kasta. TAYADA kadis ah qaab iyada oo fascinates qof kasta oo taabta dhaxalkii dhaqanka ee magaalada la soo dhaafay oo hodan ah.

Art ee Empire ee Byzantine

The saarka mahrajaan Byzantine la saaray durdur oo dhan, iyo kuwo macbudyo dhaca iyo guryaha boqorrada lagu qurxiyey farshaxankiisa muraayad ah midab. Dabcan, tani ma aha magaca arrin sax ah, sida uu yahay farshaxanka - ma tahay. The abuuray shuqullada ugu weyn qoran iyagu ma rinjiga, oo laga qoray xabbadood smalt.

ubax ee farshaxanka humaag ku dhacaa qarnigii V-VI ee, loo yaqaan jir ah oo dahab ah. The ugu caansan ee adduunka aqoonsan yahay masterpieces of duwan iyo images of Hagia Sophia (Constantinople) Ravenna. kaniisadda taariikhi ah maanta in Istanbul iyo in ayaa difaacday awooda iyo haybadda leh oo uu ka fadilnaa by abuuray ay - abuuray ee Byzantium qadiimiga ah. shuqullada Beautiful leeyihiin qiimo weyn oo ay ku dhaqan dunida, ayaa lagu sii raagayaan xaalad wanaagsan.

Macbudyo iyo mosaics of Ravenna: inconspicuous iyo raaxo

Early kaniisadaha Masiixiga ah, shukaansi ka V-VII qarniyo, marka Ravenna ahaa caasimadda ah ee Roman Empire Galbeed, ninna ma uu xal naqshadda yaabay oo quruxduna gaar ah. Martida ee magaalada qadiimiga ah galin in dusha waxa aanu ka dhigi aragti kasta oo: wadada featureless, meesha inconspicuous, la'aanta ah ee jawi fantastik ah, midab gaar ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in ka badan ee guriyo cirro macbudyo iyo derbiyo leben qaro weyn dhuuntaa dhaxalkooda mahrajaan ee magaalada. shuqullada asalka ah ee farshaxanka indhaha prying ka qarsoonaa, si ay u helaan, waxay yeelan doonaan si ay u helaan map ka mid ah tuulada, oo ku yaalla waqooyi-bari ee Italy.

Mosaics of Ravenna si fiican u yaqaan oo dunida dacaladeeda ah in waxyaabaha dhaqanka kale ee weli ogaanin in ay dalxiisayaasha. khasnad qiimo aan lahayn siman magaalada kasta oo dunida, qarsoona ka danbeeya guriyo u huraan dhismayaasha taariikhiga ah. Ka hor inta aan ka hadlo kibirka weyn ee Ravenna, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad bixiso si aad ah muuqaalada sawirada farshaxanka, kuwaas oo dareenka.

Muuse of smalt

Muuse - decoration ah jecel of kaniisadaha Masiixiga ah, taas oo inta badan si buuxda iskuna soo hadafyada bilicsanaanta dunida diinta. rinjiyeynta Tani ayaa la sameeyey by Byzantines, waxa uu abuuray technology gaar ah wax soo saarka ee glazes. The galaas maaraysay fudud lagu daro noocyo kala duwan oo Biraha (dahab ah, mercury, copper, iyo kuwa kale) in la siiyo oo midabo kala midabyo kala duwan. element ugu weyn ka mid ah farshaxankiisa mahrajaan ahaayeen isku mid ah ee size iyo leben hir dhigay.

mosaics Byzantine in Ravenna uu noqday qayb weyn ka decoration ee xabaalaha, macbudyo, basilicas, halkaas oo hawlaha muuqaal sawir. mawduuca ugu weyn ee farshaxanka taariikhi noqday taariikhda Christian iyo sheekooyinka kitaabiga ah. Technology saareen glazes sanad walba soo hagaagtay, iyo qorayaal darey cajiib ah u horumariyaan daawooyinka cusub iyo midabbo.

Features of technology

Maxaa kala humaag ku Byzantine ka Roman ah? feature ugu muhiimsan ee la isticmaalo oo dahab ah uu noqdo asalka on kuwaas oo la dhigay blocks la dusha karti, waa kala duwanaayeen ay qaraabo meel xubno kale. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, sayidyadooda isticmaalo contours siman marka xuduudaha sawirka hay'adaha ama shay, kuwaas oo siiyey oo sideeda oo si cad u soo jeeda iftiimeen. Sayidka waxaa la abuuray dhar hal, si qurux badan birqayso kaste ee shumac iyo iftiiminta dabiiciga ah. midabada kulan farxad iyo shakhi si ay u abuuraan saamaynta sawirrada mooshin, ay noloshooda ku nool.

Artists Ravenna dugsiyada tahay humaag, abuurey V muddo of VII da'da, la palette a shaqeeya, glazes ka kooban midabada aasaasiga ah iyo noocyo kala duwan ah oo midabo kala duwan. Inta badan, xabadaha waxay ahaayeen afar gees ah, qaab square, inkastoo qaar ka mid ah sawirada aad ka arki kartaa ku wareegsan iyo xubno gadood ka mid ah tirada badan oo - laga bilaabo 7 ilaa 15 mm.

Heritage oo casriga

Mosaics of Ravenna, kaas oo noqday caasimadda ah ee Roman Empire Galbeed, ee ma suuroowdaa jid liita shuqullada cajiib ah Constantinople. City, kuwaas oo u dhashay horyaalka ceelka Fanka iyo Suugaanta, ayaa ah dhaxalka ugu hodan, taas oo uu noqday il rajo u leh qorayaasha caanka ah iyo fanaaniinta. magaalada casriga ah ma illoobi xirfad qadiimiga: in mid ka mid ah Dugsiyada tacliinta sare waa humaag-soociddiisa, oo waa soo booqday by labada ardayda Talyaani ah iyo kuwa shisheeye. Waxaa marti workshops iyo siminaaro, isu keentaa takhasusay oo dunida ku baahsan.

Ravenna dalbaday in talanti qabtaan shaqada dib u soo celinta, la abuuro nuqul cajiib ah oo ka mid ah shuqulladii ugu caansan in lagu iibsan karo meelo lagu daawado farshaxanka ee magaalada. Mas'uuliyiinta ayaa ka warqabta mahrajaan ee caasimadda, in hawsha ugu muhiimsan - waa ma aha oo kaliya in nafo la khasnadihii qaranka, laakiin sidoo kale si ay u sameeyaan iyaga dadweynaha.

Gorod ee Galla Placidia

The taallo naqshadda ugu da'da weyn waa Gorod ee Galla Placidia in Ravenna. Muuse la aasaasay qarnigii V sayid Byzantine abuuray, taas oo ka gabadhii Great Istanbul Theodosius keenay. Dhab ahaantii, sida cilmi helay, ma aha xabaashii dhabta ah, tan iyo markii Gallus waxaa lagu aasay Rome, iyo dhismaha this, raadinaya arrin qurux badnayn, waa goobta cibaadaysiga yar ka go'an in ay St. Lawrence - of guri ammaan qoyska weli Sokeeye.

Ingrown inta lagu guda jiro dhowr qarniyo maal qarsoon ku taal dalka reer dhismeedka leben ah, nooca kaas oo la breathtaking booqde kasta. Iyada oo ay daaqado cidhiidhi, dhigay taarikada yasbid, cabaar rays ee qorraxda, iyo xabadaha humaag iftiin arag darnaayeen birqayso Ravenna, sida dahab. mucjiso Tani waa sharaxaad ka - si ciyaaro smalt gudbinta midabo kala duwan ee midabka. dhacdo iftiinka Ruuxa dushiisa roughened ka muuqataa at xaglo kala duwan, iyo booska iyo derbiyada Gorod ee u muuqdeen in ay milaan hore ee martida ku faraxsanahay.

loveliness supernal

Mosaics of Ravenna, photos of taas oo keeni farax xitaa ka mid ah dadka ka fog tahay, isla markiiba Muuqda. qubbad ee Gorod oo ka mid ah UNESCO-ilaaliyo waa samada samada buluugga ah ee ay xarunta u iftiimaa karoos ah oo dahab ah, si toos ah xagga bari, iyo afar xafiiltamaan qurxiyey calaamadaha oo ka mid ah Byzantines wacdiyayaal - dibiga, libaax, gorgor oo malag. Halkan waxa aad ka arki kartaa dunida xilka qadiimiga ah, iyo kii saaxir wuxuu muujin doonaa farshaxankiisa ee quruxda ahaanba ka duwan tahay - rabaani ah.

calaamad

Young Iisus Hristos metalayay Adhijirka wanaagsan hareereysan adhi oo ido ah. Waa caadi in image Christian hore ee Badbaadiyeheenna ah, oo kaliya dhar guduudan, iyo dahab taas oo muujinaysa kan ku Sugan hore oo naga mid ah run ahaantii. Waxay u muuqataa in tirada quduusiinta ku saabsan asalka ah buluug, xusuusin jilayaasha qadiimiga ah ee togas Roman, iyo canab - bacchanalia a jaahilka.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, fanaaniinta kan sameeyaa humaag, cilmiga la siiyey macnaha astaan image kasta: dhageysiga ido Masiix - adhi oo kale, la cabbo ka ah qoolleyaha cad durdur iyo deerada - Nasaarada, ahmiyadda ugu waxbariddan cusub, iyo farabadan of canab - Beer Ceeden, taas oo mu'miniinta.

Mosaics of Basilica ee San Vitale

Near Gorod waa kaniisad caanka ah ee San Vitale in Ravenna. Mosaics of Basilica ee, by saanacyadii Byzantine sameeyey waa Xoolo ugu weyn ee mashearulxaraam qofku-raadinta naqshadda, halkaas oo Mala'igtu xambaari ee magaalada barakaysan oo quduus Sokeeye - St. oo Muhiim ah. Masiixiyiinta ah kuwaas oo is quruxda ruuxiga ah, ma dibadda, macbudyo ma lagu qurxiyey, kaydin raaxo ah decoration gudaha. Sameeyey qarnigii VI ee mosaics Byzantine ee San Vitale in Ravenna, oo waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay dibadda ugu quruxda badan ee Constantinople, waa hubaal qayb meesha allabariga, apse ah iyo sare u qaadis meesha allabariga. Muuqaallo ka Testament ee Old, image Ciise ayaa quduusiinta la, Emperor Justinian iyo xaaskiisa aad ayuu uga duwanyahay farshaxankiisa ee Gorod ah.

asalka ugu muhiimsan ee farshaxankiisa ku taagan midab dahabi ah, iyo tirooyinka u eg ay ayaa laga badiyay wax. Waxay beddelay dushana guriga iyo muuqdaan jidkhka. In kastoo ay daahyada culus oo dhar ah hoos xeryahoodii ma dareemaan jirkooda jirka. Ha Laabeen Indhahooda Mesmerizing ee indhaha weyn ee dadka oo lagu saaray.

nuxurka ruuxiga ah

On canvases soo bandhigay sayidkiisa hanad ma daqiiqad, iyo ka codsaday weligeed ah, oo muujinaya jirin wax qolof, iyo ilaahnimadiisa, iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa isbeddel iman images la qaboojiyey iyo waddada cad halkii mugga. Ma jiraan wax ka mid ah midabo kala-guurka ee siman, iyo mosaics of San Vitale in Ravenna waa dhibco midab weyn.

qorayaasha qarsoodi Byzantine waligay ma arag Emperor ah iyo xaaskiisa isku dayay in uu u gudbiyo ma aha eg sawirka iyo nuxurka ruuxi ah, in ay ogaadaan fikradaha quruxda ay. Ninkeeda, Boqortooyada weyn, taswiiran waqti marka Church ee gudbiya weel dahab ah sida hawl hadiyad ah. Justinian ee madaxa, ha u qaadan wax go'aan muhiim naagta la'aanteed, sharraxay HALO ah. Waa wax aan macquul in aad aragto si maldahan ee shakhsiyadda:-aadmiga oo dhan iyo bidix daqiiqad macbudka ka baxsan, oo boqor ah qeybtii labaad ee lagu sawiray sida taliye ku haboon.

darfaha aasaasiga ah midab in nuuxnuuxsaday Basilica jawi dabaaldeg - caddaan, iyo buluug, oo dahab ah, iyo cagaar. Cadad glazes waxaa la dhigay at xaglo kala duwan, oo ay iftiinka timaada siinaysaa aragtida ah ee jawiga la yaab leh permeated qorax diiran. Lama oga, waxa dila ugu: Halabuurka si fiican u maleeyay-baxay, in lagaga faahfaahin, ama u dhigma ee midabka kaamil ah.

Difaan Baptistry of iyakana

In qarnigii V ee, waxaa jiray shay naqshadda, loo aqoonsaday mid ka mid ah taxadiri ugu weyn dunida oo dhan - Baptistery magaalada. Ravenna Muuse, complete la alxanka marmar iyo moldings, sida haddii qoro qaabka Xamar, loogu talagalay baabtiiska iyo kan isku da 'sida Gorod ee Galla Placidia.

Masters loo isticmaalo farsamo gaar ah, oo dhan gogo 'oo kala qaybiya xubno ay - nooc ka mid ah oo kala duwan, iyo disk dhexe Streaming rays oo dahab ah. On guddiga domed loo arki karaa baabtiiskii Masiix by John goobta Baabtiisaha, qoolley, turjumaya Ruuxa Quduuska ah, 12 rasuulladii, isagoo sita taajkii shahiidnimo. Tirokoobyada Ilaah wargeeyayaashiisii, muujisay in asal ah buluug mugdi waxaa lagu muujiyey in dhaqdhaqaaqa, iyo dusha sare kaas oo ay ku tuman, u muuqdo fududee. Xerta ahaa ee Ciise jubbado xukumaan laba midabo - dahab iyo caddaan, embodying cibaadaysi. Wajiga rasuulladii, waxay leeyihiin shaqsiyad xoog leh, oo shir ku.

Maadooyinka Yeruusaalem oo jannada

Ardayda Masiix muujiyay sidayaal sida nuurka oo kale waxbarashada Christian. Badbaadiye la baabtiiso, oo ku imanaya nimcadii rasuulladii kala qaado si Church ee dhulka, taas oo calaamad u meelihii allabariga lagu sawiray. Iyo geedo waaweyn oo midho on qubbad ee Baptistery waxaa la xidhiidha ruuxa Christian, ka soo bixi doona midho wanaagsan. Noocan oo kale ah decoration qani ku ah dhismayaasha diinta ku adkeeyay muhiimadda ay leedahay u gaar ah baabtiiskii Mu'miniinta, iyo Halabuurka oo dhan la xiriira theme guud ee Yeruusaalem Cusub - magaalada, Ciise in Earth-guuleystay diray.

Mid ka mid ah u bogi karaa oo keliya hadiyadda gaar ah oo talanti ceebaalowyo, oo ku faantaa Ravenna casriga ah. Duwan iyo frescos Baptistery, iyo jiidh dhagaxyo yar palette color hodanka ah, si sax ah hel ayaa la sameeyey by sayid Byzantine maxalliga ah iyo ma. Waxay ku abuureen Halabuurka u faraxsan, midabo dhalaalaya sitaa.

shuqullada aad u qaali

Baydka Ravenna, caasimada weyn u soo jeestay in magaalada gobolka, waa cajiib ah oo caan ah oo leh dalxiisayaal. Sannado badan ayaa soo maray, waxa uu ku bedelay, laakiin had iyo jeer ku hadhay masterpieces ay qiimo in badbaaday abuuray iyo sidoo kale-dhawray. mosaics cajiib ah oo Ravenna, kaas oo way adag tahay in ku jeexjeexi views yihiin oo xiiso for dhan dalxiisayaasha ah, kuwaas oo wax qurux badan maqsuud.