Mikhail Tal - Kooxda heysata horyaalka chess dunida. Biography

Waxaa si fiican u dhigmaan lagu hafray ee hanad: indhaha gubanaya, dayacaad muuqaalka, diirada on daruuriga ah iyo la'aanta fiiro gaar ah u waxyaalaha yar ee nolosha. Mikhail Tal qaaday carshiga dunida wakhti aad u yar, laakiin ay wali loo arko hanad ka mid ah chess, shakhsiyaynta dareen ugu sareeya sida ciyaarta ku salaysan sida hamiday, improvisation, waxyoonay, iyo haya'ad ee Nidaamsanaan fursadaha. guusha ugu weyn ee uu aadanaha ahaa inuu sii hayo ilaa dhamaadka rajo iyo niyad samida dadka kale, inkastoo xanuunno badan iyo dhibaatooyin isaga la socday naftiisa gaaban oo dhan.

ma aha oo dhan

Asalnimada isaga la socday tan dhalashada - gacantiisa midigeed saddex toona, in saaxiibo si kaftan ah u yeedhay caddayn asal leeska Tal. biographers More taaban karo arkaan sababta logu talagalay waa in waxay ahaayeen labadiisii waalid qaraabada dhiig - ilma adeer ah, taas oo ben la unu hidaha.

Mikhail Tal ku dhashay November 9, 1936 ee Riga, in qoyska ka mid ah dhakhaatiirta. Sida uu goor dambe ayaa yiri: "Waxaan la ciyaaro qaddar ee xubnihii madow." Its dhaqaaqo kowaad wuxuu ahaa khatar ah, lix bilood ka dib markii ay dhashay wiil ku dhacay cudurka xanuunsan sida meningitis. Waalidku waa dhakhaatiir, ogaa fursad aad u yar ee badbaadada, laakiin sidoo kale way wada ogaayeen in caabuq this saameeyaa maskaxda siyaabo lama filaan ah, mararka qaar si joogta ah kordhinta tayada shaqo ee ay shaqada natiijada guul cudurka. Ilmuhu wuxuu ka badbaaday.

carruurnimada gaaban

Muddo shan sano ah uu u badin kari waayeen tiro saddex lambar oo miyir qaba, oo wuuna akhriyey tan iyo da'da saddex. qoyska War Talay qabtay qaxidda, ee gobolka Perm ah. Dugsigu wuxuu qaatay wiilka si degdeg ah fasalka saddexaad, iyo University Riga, Kuliyadda Tal Mikhail ku qornaa, sida marka laga reebo ah, oo leh 15 sano.

Tal xusuusta ahayd cajiib. Wiil The macno celin qoraalka buugga, taas oo, sida ay u muuqdeen in ay dadka kale, ayuu sugayay daqiiqadii deg deg ah. Macluumaadkaas, oo isagu waa ka fiirsaday sida gaar ahaan qiimo leh, oo weli la xusuustiisa weligiis.

Xaaladdan oo kale, Michael iskuma uu ilmuhu soo baxayo ayaa ah ka fiirsan. Uu danaha saw ma aha ka danaha facooda kala duwan - wuxuu jeclaa inuu u ciyaaro kubada cagta iyo ku qaatay waqti badan ordaya kubada, inkastoo cudurada hore kala kulantay shaqada kelyaha. Laakiin si tartiib tartiib ah uu haatan leeyahay macnaha a - chess.

laga bilaabo wadada

In 6 sano, Mikhail Tal, kuwaas oo Biography ayaa hadda weligiis la xidhiidha kulankan qadiimiga ah, markii ugu horeysay ee aan arkay guddiga la tirooyinka. Oo waxaa dhacday markuu ilmuhu joogay aabihii shaqo iyo sugayay qolka sugitaanka ee xafiiska uu dhakhtarka ka. Bukaanka lagu sameeyaa kulan ee chess, sugayay soo dhaweynta. Aabaha isagii tusay sida loo tiradaasi, iyo ogyahay xeerarka aasaasiga ah. Marka ugu horeysa, wiilka qaaday ciyaarta si fudud. Yididiilo, taas oo ka dibna is khilaafeen horyaalka chess mustaqbalka, la kariyey waxa ku jira, marka at 9 jir uu ka adeer booqasho '' s saaxiibkiisa helay. "

Iyadoo 10 sano wuxuu bilaabay inuu ka qayb jeska ee Riga Palace ee Horseedka Young ah. At 12 jir, in uu helay qaybta 2aad, 14 - ugu horeysay muddo 17 sano ah, wuxuu noqday macallinka. macalinka chess First Tal - Janis Kruzkops - wuxuu ahaa taageere ee isku dhafan, ciyaar firfircoon. In the case of Michael waxaa superimposed on awood u fiican iyo dabeecad oo ololaysa. Tal chess marnaba ka cabsanayn continuations khatar ah, complicating booska. dhibanayaasha Halyeeyga "aan sax ahayn" ee Tal ah - sidoo kale inta badan ka "horyaal" carruurnimada iman.

macallinka suugaanta

Interest in daraasadda of suugaanta iyo taariikhda, sida muuqata asal ahaan la Michael sarkhaansan yihiin hooyada - Ida Grigorevny, ee uu dhalinyarada lahaa yaqaano Ehrenburg, Picasso iyo culuumta kale. mawduuca of sha ah, ka dib markii taas ilaalinta University ee la sii daayay macalinka dhalinyarada ah Mikhail Tal ahaa "Maadeys iyo kaftan in shuqullada ili Ilfa iyo Evgeniya Petrova." Sida iska cad, kaftan cajiib ah soo jireenka ah Tal ah, u dabaal by dhan - oo muddo dheer dad aan aqoonin isaga, oo kali ah saaxiibada - lahaa salaysan dhawaaqa.

Ka dib markii qalin jebinta uu ka shaqeeyay in muddo ah dugsiga, laakiin by waqtiga shaqo ugu weyn noqday chess. tababarka Philological caawisay Tal ee cilmiga uu saxaafadda, gaar ahaan, halkaas oo uu bilaa saxar ah Macalester oo la baahiyay Riga, "Chess", sare tsenivshiysya dunida oo dhan.

Sally

In uu kulan mar kasto raadinaa qorid ee saameynta ay ku sarraysa, ciidamada jinka - aad u dhalaalaya, aan caadi ahayn, ka buuxa khatarta, male buu u ballaadhan yahay iyo qaabka aan la saadaalin karin ee aragti dareen leh waxaa Mihaila Talya. Khasaaray ayaa raadinaya sharaxaad fashilaadooda ee sayid Laabeen hypnotic ee kartida uu extrasensory. Kuwa wanaagsan ogaan Michael, isku day si ay u keenaan dhoola - waxay ahayd in kale ah.

Just Tal chess ahayd wax soo saarka ee uu aragti guud oo xagga nolosha. waxay doonayaan inay ku guuleystaan sida ugu dhakhsaha badan, si uu u ogaado dareenka buuxa, ama saxaarada ee rabitaanka iyo ka dhigan ay xaqiijinta la socday naftiisa.

Marka waxaa jiray diyaarinta ah ee dagaalka ugu muhiimsan ee ka dhanka ah Botvinnik, si ay go'aan qaddar ee horyaalka champion dunida, hawlgalka oo dhan qabsaday quruxda qalbiga Riga Sulamif Landau uu ku qaatay. Labada ujeeddooyinka la gaadhay: Sally waxay noqotay naagtiisii, iyo wuxuu - Kooxda heysata horyaalka dunida.

Jidka si Olympus

jiirtii Rapid in Tal chess hogaanka, iyo sidoo kale liibaan degdeg ah consoles'ka si ay horyaalka hore ee dunida - bogga halyay ku ah dunida taariikhda chess. In 1957, dhallinyarada Rigan a noqday horyaalka USSR ee chess, garaaceen qadariyo David Bronstein iyo Paul Keres - U Tartami taaj dunida. In mustaqbalka, waa weli 5 jeer ku guuleysatay Chess All-Midowga Championship.

Tallaabada xigta jidka on chess ah Olympus noqday tartamada caalamiga ah. Ku xiga guul ku tartamaya koobka inter-Soon ee Portoroz, Slovenia (1958) iyo Chess ee Olombikada 13aad ee Munich (1958). Tal ku guuleystay tartanka caalamiga ah chess ee Zurich (1959) iyo tijaabiyey in isla sanadkaas Musharixiinta u Tournament ee Yugoslavia, oo dhan ka mid ah markaas xiddigaha isboortiga waxaa ka mid ahaa: Smyslov, Gligoric, Petrosyan, F. Olafson, Keres iyo shan iyo toban Robert Fisher.

Kulanka la Mihailom Botvinnikom horyaalka dunida ayaa waxaa lagu qabtay ka March 15 ilaa May 7, 1960 iyo dhamaaday guul hore ee 24-sano jirka ah Tal, kuwaas oo ku guuleystay 6 kulan, khasaare 2 iyo qeybtii hore ee gaaray 12 dhibcood.

Kooxda heysata horyaalka ugu da'da yaraa ee dunida

Young iyo burjiga, digtoonaan iyo caqli, kuwaas oo lahaa style geesi oo firfircoon loo arag of play Tal noqday sanamkiiba ka mid ah taageerayaasha chess adduunka oo dhan. sayid xirfadeed Marka qaaday lama filaan ah ugu muuqaalka lama filaan ah oo ka mid ah "upstart" marka ay hesho in la ogaado horyaalka cusub, dareen naxariis waayo isaga ayaa noqday xoojisay iyo universal. Xitaa ka mid grandmasters iyo dadweynaha chess iyo sociopath misanthropic si fiican u yaqaan Bobby Fischer oo keliya la Tal, ciyaaro kala dhantaalay si fudud u qaataan maalinta oo dhan.

In Riga, Tal badnaa weyn la kulmay ka idaacadda on gacmihiisa u dhashay gaariga la horyaalka dhallinyarada. Waxa uu raalli ka ah ayaa la kulmay taageerayaasha chess ah oo da 'ah ee Riga iyo guud ahaan Midowga. Soon Midowga Soofiyeeti waxaa jira dhowr ka mid ah kuwa noqon lahaa aqoon magaca Tal. Michael Nehemevich kasbaday ixtiraamka xaqiiqda ah in wax ka beddeli mayso meesha ay degan yihiin, oo xataa xilliyada adag, marnaba loo ogol yahay inuu nafsaddiisa groundlessly oo dhalleeceeyey dalka, halkaas oo uu ku dhashay, laakiin geesinamada ay bayaan oo uu dibadda keena dano sii isaga ku saabsan qayb ka mid ah hay'adaha dawladda - waqti isku mid ah waxaa Waxay ahayd xaddidaad inuu ka tago.

nolosha ku xiga

In koorsada of diyaarinta celis la Botvinnik guga ee 1961 dhexgalay sii xumaanaysa kalyo Tal. Waxa uu xitaa ku bixiyeen in aad weydiisato dib u dhigis ee ciyaarta, laakiin waa out of ixtiraamka uu soo horjeeda isku raacay in dhammaan shuruudaha Botvinnik. Sidaas darteed, Tal uunan diyaar u ahayn dagaal cusub horyaalka oo laga badiyay.

Ka dibna, wuxuu si joogta ah soo gala dagaalka taaj dunida chess ah, laakiin in waxba idiinma tarin. Waxa uu ka qayb qaatay kooxda Anatoly Karpov inta lagu guda jiro diyaarintiisa kulanka caawa ee Korchnoi iyo Fisher, samaynta gacan weyn ka liibaan ee horyaalka championship ay.

In kasta oo ay dhibaatooyin caafimaad oo daran, oo wuxuu wada yeelay ma doonayo in aan yareeyo xawaaraha nolosha. dhalashada wiilkeeda, iyada furiinka ka Sally, guurka labaad iyo saddexaad, dhalashada gabadhiisa ka dib, ninkii qaaliga uu ku hadhay oo dhan aawadiis ayuu la kulmay nolosha, dhaqmayaan haweenka unsophisticated oo fudud. Ma uusan dooneyn in ay lumiso ku farxi lahaa fudud oo dabiici ah - delicious, laakiin cuntada waxyeello, khamriga wanaagsan, sigaar cabbin badan ... Mararka qaarkood, si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani waxay ahayd sabab u tahay baahida loo qabo in Maansheeyo baxay xanuunka joogtada ah. Si aad u yareyso xanuunka iyo lahaayeen in ay door biday in ay daroogada ka xoog.

tegey badinin

In 1988 Tal ku guuleystay World Chess Championship xeerarka gaabiyey oo noqday horyaalka koowaad ee kala dhantaalay Adduunka. In uu Biography farshaxanka ee 1970-80 waxaa jiray waqti marka laga badin tartamada kala duwan ee ka koobnaa 90-kulan oo xiriir ah, taas oo ah hanashada cajiib ah, waayo, sayidkayga kasta.

Xisbiga ugu danbeysay ee rasmiga ah ee tartanka chess Classic Tal sidoo kale ku guuleystay, ka dhacay May 5, 1992 ee Barcelona, oo uu soo horjeeda ahaa Vladimir Akopian. Wax yar ka hor inta uusan dhiman, uu macno ahaan isbitaalka carareen si ay uga qayb dhantaalay Moscow ee Championship, halkaas oo uu ku guuleystay markaas horyaalka adduunka Garry Kasparov. Waxa ay ahayd in uu tartanka chess ee la soo dhaafay. Isagu wuxuu u dhintay July 28, 1992.

Mihail Nehemevich Tal hoos ugu tegey, taariikhda ma aha oo kaliya ciyaaryahan chess cajiib ah, mid ka mid ah romantics ugu dambeeyey ee ciyaarta this qadiimiga ah, laakiin sidoo kale cajiib ah in tayada ay si shakhsi, taas oo sii dad badan oo xasuusta wanaagsan ee dalka iyo dibadda.