Metaphysics ee Aristotle. Mind weligiis ku guuleysan!

fekeraya Heer Giriigii hore, Aristotle (ku dhashay 348 BC) uu xiiseynayo cilmiga taaban karo. ardayga jecel Plato, sidoo kale wuxuu bartay uu falsafada, laakiin, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu u sakhiray in ay dhaleeceyn. Taasi Aristotle iska leh weedha ah si fiican u yaqaan ee Plato, saaxiibtinimo iyo run. Works of Aristotle la hadlay dadweynaha guud, sii raagayaan kaliya ee jajabkii, si kastaba ha ahaatee, shuqullada loogu talagalay ardayda ka badbaaday ilaa maantadan la joogo.

Erayga "metaphysics" galay isticmaalo xaraynta ee Andronika Rodosskogo kuwaas oo laga soo ururiyey, shuqullada Aristotle. ururinta A shuqulladiisa ka koobnaa 14 buugaag: shaqeeya on macquulka ah, cilmiga dabiiciga ah, buugaag ku saabsan jiritaanka, asluub-wanaag shaqo, sharraxaadda, bayoolaji iyo siyaasadda. Metaphysics ayaa loo magacaabay qaybta la ku yaal ka dib markii waxbarashada ee physics (turjumay ka Greek - "Meta" oo macnaheedu yahay "ka baxsan").

The metaphysics of Faylasuuf Giriigga fasiray cilmiga ah ee ugu horreeya, taas oo aasaas u ah xigmad dhigay. metaphysics Aristotle ee qeexaya afar sababood top for isagoo ahaa (ay yihiin xubno hore). Halkii dhismeedka kiciyo geesoodka ah (dunida ka mid ah wax, dunida ka mid ah fikradaha iyo macno ah), wuxuu soo jeediyay oo isugu laba macno ah iyo foomka kaliya. Aristotle ee Metaphysics soo koobay sida soo socota:

1. Arrinta, ama wax kasta oo ay ujeeddo ka jira - si madax-bannaan ee observer ah. Arrinta waa dhammaadka lahayn oo weligeed ah, dadban iyo inert, oo awood u waayo ah ee kala duwan ee wax. arrinta ugu muhiimsan waxaa lagu muujiyey qaab shanta waxyaabood ee, ay yihiin xubno ka mid ah - hawada, dab, biyo, dhulka iyo xoolahaaga oo jannada - ether.
2. Form. From arrinta ka sugeysayna Sababta Maamulaha abuuraa noocyo kala duwan oo noocyo. wax Genesis waa midnimada foomka iyo arrinta, iyadoo qaabka dhigan tahay bilowgii firfircoon ah iyo hal abuur leh.
3. fidmad Ra'iisul dhammaan noocyada, sare iyo Jidka caalamka, aan qiimo lahayn oo Ilaah weligeed ah. Waxa ay ka tarjumaysaa waqtiga at kaas oo ay u bilaabaan jiritaanka wax.
4. Hadafka, ama "wax taas". jiritaanka wax kasta waa xaq ujeeddo kasta; goolkii ugu sareeya waa wanaagsan yahay.

Sida kor ku arkay, mid ka mid ah qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee falsafada Intii ay taariikhda ka Qarniyadii hore in maalinta la joogo waxa uu noqday fikrad bilaabay Aristotle saaray. Physics waa waxbarasho ifafaale ujeeddada, metaphysics kale uu qoraalkani qeexayaa waxa ka baxsan ifafaale jirka , oo u adeegta sababta iyaga ka mid ah. fikradaha sii loo arki karaa in erayada sinonimayzinge casriga ah: metaphysical - maqan, unmanifested, haboon, derjada.

Metaphysics Aristotle leeyahay midnimada qalab iyo ku haboon, ee foomka iyo arrinta. Ku saleysan sharciyada dabiiciga ah oo ku saabsan isdhexgalka isku lidka ah - maalin-habeenkii, wanaag-xun, lab-dheddig ah, sare-hoose, taas oo samaysa dab, hawada, biyaha iyo dhulka, iyo waxaa loo roggi karaa kasta oo kale oo
mahad xoogga dhexgalka. Sida laga soo xigtay in uu aragtida, sifooyinka tayo ah nuxurka asaasiga ah ee la xiriirta taranta ee.

Wejiga kowaad ee garaadka Aristotle sheegashada metaphysical aragtida dareen iyada oo dareen. Logic, iyada oo aan taas aqoontu waa wax aan macquul aheyn, Aristotle aragto sayniska ee organic, maxaa yeelay, waa aalad (Organon) waxbarasho nolosha. stage sare isla - aqoon buuxa - waa in la helo isku midka ee dhacdooyinka qofka iyo wax.

Faa'iidada ugu weyn ee ka metaphysics of maanka aadanaha oo ku baaqay in Aristotle.