Gashto ururinta

Lens - jirka oo hufan oo la kumyadu laba dusha spherical. feature ugu muhiimsan waa awoodda ay siku in maadooyinka siin image ah. Waxay noqon karaan khayaali ah oo dhab ah, rogay oo si toos ah, hoos u dhaca iyo balaartay. The cabbir toosan ee isbedel image ee ku xiran meesha uu shay.

Zoom gashto - ratio ee image ku toosan iyo size shayga. factor weyneeyey The (K) lagu sheegi karaa by formula ah: K = u / v, halkaas oo u waa meel fog ka soo gashto si shayga, iyo v - meel fog ka siku suuradda. factor weyneeyey waa qiyaas ah dhinacyada sida toosan shay weyn ama ka yar image size.

In sayniska, waxaa jira waxyaabo sida ururinta gashto oo imaanaya. First dhumuc dhexe oo u khafiif ah ugu laayeen, labaad - oo dhan on lid ku ah. lenses waxaa lagu gartaa dherer focal (xarunta indhaha u barta focal: at siku diverging, waa negative, iyo ururinta ah - positive), iyo xoogga indhaha oo la qiyaasay in diopters. dhererkiisu focal of hal mitir waa 1 diopter. Awoodda indhaha ku xiran tahay Fatuuq dhaf oo ka mid ah meelaha la gashto spherical ah, iyo wax ka (index Refractive waxaa ka mid ah) oo ka kaas oo la sameeyo. Waa laba geesood ah ee dhererkiisu wuxuu focal.

gashto ururinta waxaa kala duwanaayeen ka khasaarinayay:

1. Ururiya iftiinka.

2. Cidhifyada dhexe u khafiif ah.

3. Waxaa a collection of tiro badan oo ah ballaarinta dhexe ee gelis (laakiin ma aha in ay geesaha) oo ka mid ah manshuur xagalka ah.

4. gashto diiradda (ie dhibic ka mid ah isgoyska of rays ka dib markii refraction, ku yaalaan on dhidibka ugu weyn ee indhaha), waa dhab ah (aan khayaali ah), sida rays isu midaysan, halkii ay sii.

5. Awoodda si ay u ururiyaan dhacdo rays ee dushiisa at hal dhibic, taas oo waxa uu ku yaalaa on dhinaca kale ee siku.

6. gashto ururinta waxaa lagu hanuuniyey kartaa in mawduuca by dhinac kasta, iyo wixii alwaaxdii saqafka shireen doonaa, tan iyo markii la gashto noocan oo kale ah waxay leedahay laba diirada. On dhidibka indhaha oo ka mid ah Axdigu hore iyo xagga dambe ku yaalaan labada dhinac oo dhanba meel fog ka focal ka barta maamulaha siku.

Qalabka for lenses

• galaas quartz. Waxaa qoreysa iska caabin heerkulka sare iyo bandwidth Ultraviolet rays. Sida ay tahay inert in ay kiimikooyin badan;

• Silicon. Macluumaadkaan waxaa isku daraa kala firidhsan sare isagoo qiimaha badan oo waadaxa ah ee index ka Refractive kala duwan ee shucaaca infrared, sentigiiba buuxa ee kala duwan ee la arki karo oo ah qaybaha kala ah;

• polymers organic. By isaha waxaa suurto gal ah in la abuuro jaban lenses aspherical, kuwaasi oo loo isticmaalo ee muddooyinkii dhowaa. malahan jilicsan waxa loo isticmaalaa in indhaha, waxaa la sameeyey ee qalabka isagoo nooca biphasic. Silikoon-gidrolievye permeability oxygen linzyblagodarya iyo guryaha hydrophilic sare ee isku dhafan waa la joogto ah loo isticmaali karaa muddo bil ah,

• qalabka kale.

noocyada kala duwan ee lenses

lenses Ururinta kala qaybsan yihiin 3 nooc:

• biconcave;

• plano-convex;

• a concave-convex.

lenses Faafidda waxaa sidoo kale kala qaybiyey 3 nooc:

• biconcave;

• plano-concave;

• convex-concave.

lenses wuxuu noqon karaa mid fudud, oo la isku dari karaan dhawr - in la dhiso nooc ka mid ah nidaamka indhaha adag. nidaamka Lens, diyaarin meel fog, kuwaas oo faasas beeganto waxaa lagu magacaabaa xuddun.

Isticmaalka lenses

Waxay lagama maarmaan u ah soo saaridda of telescopes, microscopes, casriga, kamaradaha, projectors, waa indhaha indhaha , iwm lenses waxaa loo isticmaalaa si ballaadhan ee indhaha, sida loogu baahan yahay in dadka qaba iin aragga sida myopia iyo hyperopia. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, hal gashto ururinta ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida weyneyso ah.