Galaas quartz, waxyaabaha gaarka ah ee wax soo saarka, GOST. galaas quartz indhaha: isticmaalka

Glass - mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha ugu da'da weyn, taas oo si weyn loo isticmaalay dhammaan meelaha mahad dhaqdhaqaaqa aadanaha wax ku ool ah si ay u go'an oo tayo waxtar leh iyo guryaha. Inta lagu guda jiro jiritaankeeda (in ka badan 5 kun. Years), ay formula kiimikada ayaa ku hadhay shiidaa isku mid ah, laakiin ay tayo leh ayaa la bedelay.

galaas quartz

Muddo sanado ah, ninkii ayaa waxay dooneen si ay u abuuraan galaaska hufan iyo adkaysi u arrimood burbur kala duwan. Sidaas darteed of horumar beegsaday muuqday galaas quartz - nooc cusub oo wax la sifooyinka saameeya miyir. Waxaa laga yaabaa in hal galaas this go'aamin doona dhinaca horumarinta dheeraad ah oo Dadka. Quartz Glass - wax soo saarka barafka xabagta Silicon saafi ah (SiO _2). Si ka duwan galaas caadiga ah, wax this waa in gobolka amorphous, i.e. waxa uu leeyahay maya heerkulka barafku sugan oo markii kululeeyo ka adag si ay u soo baxa dareere gobolka si tartiib tartiib ah. Inta badan ay sabab u hantida this of quartz ama silica, galaas helay codsiga ballaaran sida in industry.

Dhismaha galaas quartz ah

wax Amorphous ay sabab u tahay qaab-dhismeedka, kaas oo ku salaysan tetrahedra Silicon-oxygen. Taagoo SiO ₂ "xiriiraan" midba midka kale ay sabab u tahay soo jiidashada labada dhinac ee atamka oxygen ah. Si wada jir ah ay u sameeyaan Roobka saddex geesood ah, in kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in si adag loo eego midba midka kale ma joogo in qorshaha kelli. Taasi waa sababta galaas quartz leeyihiin sifooyinka alaabta qaab ma lahayn.

muraayad A silicate, sida caadiga ah, soo saaray barafka feedstock ah. Sida oo kale waxa loo isticmaali karaa silica saafi ah - rhinestone, quartz xididka, ciid silica, iyo silica helay hab aan dabiici ahayn.

Khilaaf ka muraayadda silica caadiga ah

Iyada oo ku xidhan nooca alaabta ceeriin iyo ogaado hantida qaar ee alaabta final. Sidaas darteed, si ay u helaan qalab ah crystal-cad oo hufan loo isticmaalo rhinestone.

Farqiga ugu muhiimsan ee ka galaas silicate caadiga ah waa heerkul sare barafku - ¹⁵⁰⁰ C. Marka xabagta Silicon this bilaabo inuu dhaadheer shucaaca light aad u daran in spectrum ee la arki karo, i.e. glows.

Sababo la-dhismeedka amorphous geedi socodka barafku wax xumu qaadan kartaa waqti badan. Halabuurka la shubay ayaa ku nafwaayay sare, taas oo ka dhigaysa waxaa staplivat ama u guuraan. Waxay taasi adkaynaysaa soo saaridda ee dhalooyinka quartz leh oo dhumucdiisuna waxay la mid ah derbigii.

Features-soo-saarka

In view of dhan sifooyinka kor ku soo saarista dhalo silicate ayaa suuragal ah keliya on qalab khaas ah. In heerkulka barafku waa in lagu hayaa sare, iyo in la abuuro galaasyada jet olol furan waa lagama maarmaan si ay u ilaaliyaan ^heerkulka 1800 C iyo wixii ka sareeya.

shuruudaha gaarka ah iyo dhismaha - waa in sterile. Qaddar yar oo qayb ka shisheeye ciday ku keeni doontaa in ay xaqiiq tahay in muraayadda quartz dhammeeyayna ay dillaac iyo lumin guryaha ay waqti gaaban. tayada gaarka ah iyo waa in ay leeyihiin shaqaalaha wax soo saarka - glassmakers. Waxay leeyihiin in ay la kul aad u sarayso qabtaan - mid qalad lagu jiro hawlgalka waxay keeni kartaa in dhaawac halis ah, gubashada.

All qalabka ugu muhiimsan glassblower ka samaysan yihiin qalabka kulaylka u adkaysta - dhagax adag, tungsten, taas oo, inter alia, by miisaanka sare. Sidaa darteed, shaqaalaha waa in jidh ahaan iyo xoog Hardy.

The sifooyinka galaas quartz

galaas silicate ayaa conductivity hooseeyo korontada, sidaas waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa sida dielectric ah ee qalabka korontada ku adag tahay. The guryaha faa'iido ugu weyn, oo waxay leeyihiin hal galaas quartz loo qaybin karaa saddex kooxood:

1. Kaamerada. Resistance si heer kulka sare ^(qiyaastii 1200 C), Wehliyaha sare ee ballaarinta kaamerada (15 jeer ka badan in galaaska caadiga ah) ka badan waxaa keena caabiga isbedbedelka cimilada lama filaan ah oo la taaban karo (wax soo saarka ee baraf-biyo la qaboojiyey durdur).
2. Kiimikada. Glass kiimikaad ahaan dhexdhexaad ah, ma fal oo dhan alkalies iyo acids acid phosphoric iyo acid hydrofluoric (reaction bilaabo heerkulka ka sarreeya ³⁰⁰ C) marka laga reebo.
3. Indhaha. index The Refractive muraayad ah quartz waa 150 jeer ka hooseeya in sida caadiga ah (n _e = 1,46). Sababo la xiriira waxaa si fiican u gudbiya ma aha oo kaliya qorraxda, iyo iftiinka caadi ah, laakiin ma hayn wax shucaac infrared ama ultraviolet.

guryaha waxay u ogolaadaan isticmaalka galaas quartz sida wax dhisme, iyo sidoo kale wax soo saarka ee galaasyada shaybaarka, alaabtii indhaha, qalabka korontada, qalabka madax adkaadeen kulaylka u adkaysta. Mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu muhiimsan ee codsiga - saarka ee fiiloyin indhaha.

galaas quartz indhaha

Iyada oo ku xidhan technology isticmaalaa in galaas soo saaridda quartz wuxuu noqon karaa Doolaal oo hufan. Xaaladda hore dhismeedkooda soo bandhigi doonaa tiro badan oo ah goobooyin gaas, taas oo uu xoog u kala firdhin iftiinka. muraayad saafi ah, galaas quartz ama indhaha, sida waxa loo yaqaan, gabi ahaanba waa dhqaalaha, waxa aanu ka kooban goobooyin kasta. Thanks to this wax gaar ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa in soo saaridda ee fiilooyinka indhaha, gudbinta xogta-xawaaraha sare, lenses indhaha iyo manshuur.

Brand oo taxane ah oo muraayad indhaha

Waxaa jira dhawr nooc oo muraayad indhaha: KU-1, Ki, iyo HF. badeecada kala duwan yihiin awood u leh inay mari la arki karo, ultraviolet iyo shucaaca infrared. Kaasu waa kan ugu hufan CI brand galaas - waa awood gudbinta iftiinka ee Milanello ah 2600-2800 nm, ka yar hufan - HF. Iyada oo ku xidhan gudbinta kala duwan iftiin feedstock isticmaali uu noqon karo quartz muraayad indhaha. GOST 15130-86 qoran warar ku saabsan saddex taxanaha:

• 0 - qalab loo isticmaalo xaaladaha hawlgalka caadiga ah;
• 100 - muraayad, adkaysi u ionizing shucaaca awood yar yahay;
• 200 - qalabka xumu in loo isticmaali karaa xaalado shucaac ionizing daran.

Mark iyo muraayad u sameeyaan taxane ah oo alaabta cipher. Waxaa laga codsadaa in ay wax soo saarka iyo qeexayaa nooc gaar ah oo muraayad. In dalka, waxaa jira nidaamka encryption hal lahayn, sidaas shirkadda waliba waxyaabaha ay sida ay fahamkooda.

gudbikaraa codsiga

galaas silicate soo saaray tiro badan oo ah waxyaabaha kala duwan. The laboratories tacliinta iyo warshadaha tube baahida quartz galaas, kaas oo waxaa loo isticmaalaa cabbirka dareere heer, soo saaridda of kululeeyayaasha korontada, falgalka kiimikada iyo kaydinta of walxaha dagaal badan.

Si ballaaran loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka helay iyo galaas Doolaal. Waxa loo isticmaalaa meesha lagama maarmaan ah si loo xakameeyo soo saarka dareere at heerkulka sare iyo, sababtoo ah halka ay kharash yar, waxaa si balaadhan looga dalbadaa.

galaas indhaha loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka Dhismaha maraakiibta iyo gantaalada, inta badan for soo saaridda ee qalabka iftiiminta. In warshadaha kiimikada, wax this lagu qiimeeyo in ay iska caabin ah kiimikada sare waxaana loo isticmaalaa si loo xakameeyo dheecaanka xoqe. Diyaaradda ayaa waxay yihiin qol glazed, oo waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida ningax kaamerada.

Soo-saareyaasha of alaabta la sameeyay ee waafaqsan GOST 22291-83 shuruudaha. tuubooyinka quartz galaas, daaqadaha, manshuur, lenses, iyo alaabooyinka kale ee la sameeyey mass iyo saleysan shaqsi labadaba.