Waa maxay ensaymes

shaqeeyo wax kasta oo nool - waa hab qumman, taas oo daqiiqad kasta ay jiraan wax falgalka kiimikada. Nidaamkan waa mid aan samayn karo aan lahayn ka qaybgalka ensaymes. Sidaas waxa jira ensaymes? Waa maxay doorka ay nolosha u shaqeeyo? Maxay yihiin? Waa maxay hab ay of saamaynta ay? Hoos waxaa ku qoran jawaabta su'aalaha oo dhan.

Maxay yihiin falgalka?

Ensaymes, ama, sida ay u yeedheen, falgalka waa kaxeynayo protein. Tani walxaha bayoloji firfircoon, taas oo u dhaqmaan sida Xoojiya of falgalka kiimikada. Dhab ahaantii, kaalinta falgalka waa ay adag tahay in ay qiimayn dheeraad, maxaa yeelay, iyaga oo aan ma aan samayn karo geedi socodka kasta oo gacanta ku nool oo u shaqeeyo oo dhan.

"Enzyme" The dheer waxaa la soo jeediyey in qarnigii 17- ka caanka ah farmashiyaha Helmont. Oo in kastoo ay culimada waa weyn ee ka dambeeya waqtiga la fahamsan yahay in hilib milmaan in joogitaanka juice gastric, iyo istaarijka by nasashada candhuufta hoos si sonkor fudud, qofna ma ogaa waxa uu sababay geedi socodka la mid ah. Laakiin qarnigii hore 19, Kirchhoff ugu horeysay loo aqoonsaday by ensaymes dhareerka - amylase. A dhowr sano ka dib uu ku tilmaamay pepsin gastric. Tan iyo markaas, sayniska ee enzymology bilaabay inuu si firfircoon u horumariyaan.

Maxay yihiin falgalka? Guryaha iyo hab garoomada

Waayo, ku bilaabatay waxaa xusid mudan in dhammaan falgalka waa borotiinada ama foomka saafi ah ama adag protein. Si aad u taariikhda, taxanaha amino acid ogaan of inta badan oo ka mid ah ensaymes ee jirka aadanaha.

hantida ugu weyn ee falgalka - cayimayo sare. enzyme kasta weyni tahay waxaa laga yaabaa in nooca reaction mid keliya. Tusaale ahaan, falgalka proteolytic dhegi kara oo keliya isku xirka u dhaxeeya harta amino acid of Britain protein ah. Mararka qaarkood hal substrate (wax enzyme-gaadhista) waxay saameyn kartaa dhowr ensaymes qaab ahaan la mid ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, enzyme waxaa laga yaabaa in si gaar ah ma aha oo kaliya in ay dareen-celinta, laakiin sidoo kale in la xiriira substrate ah. The cayimayo kooxda ugu badan ee ensaymes. Taas macnaheedu waa in enzyme ah oo saamayn ku yeelan kara oo kaliya koox gaar ah oo muhashada in ay leeyihiin qaab la mid ah.

Laakiin mararka qaarkood waxaa loogu yeero cayimayo buuxda. Taas macnaheedu waa in eulayska xidhina goobta firfircoon ee substrate ka mid ah oo kaliya. Dabcan, in nooca cayimayo tani waa dhif. Laakiin tusaale ahaan, waxaan xusuusan karin urease eulayska, oo weyni tahay kartaa hydrolysis ee HOL kaliya.

Haddaba, waxaannu aragnay in ensaymes sida. Laakiin walxahan waxay noqon karaan kuwo kala duwan. Sidaa darteed, waxay sida caadiga ah lagu tilmaamay.

dirka ensaymes

sayniska casriga ah ogyahay in ka badan laba kun iyo ensaymes, laakiin tani ma aha tirada dhabta ah. Wixii sahlanaato daray, waxay u qaybsan yihiin lix kooxood oo ugu waaweyn, waxayna ku xiran tahay falcelinta catalyzed.

• Oxidoreductases - Koox ka mid ah falgalka ka qayb reactions redox. Sida caadiga ah, waxay u dhaqmaan sidoo kale deeq-bixiyeyaasha ama acceptors of electrons iyo udhigo hydrogen. falgalka Kuwani waa mid aad u muhiim ah, tan iyo geedi socodka ay ku lug cell -shiid iyo Neefta mitochondrial.
• Transferase - ensaymes in ay ku lug leeyihiin kala iibsiga ee kooxaha qaaradda ka mid substrate in kale. Ku lug-shiid dhexe.
• Lyase - ensaymes sida awood u jiidhi substrate ka soo kooxaha qaaradda aan cadaanyo hydrolytic. Guud ahaan, sida ka dhashay geedi socodka waxa ay soo saartay Britain ayaa biyo ama carbon dioxide ah.
• Hydrolase - Insaymkaas ah in catalyzes cholesterol ku hydrolytic of substrate ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo Britain oo biyo ah.
• Isomerase - sida magacaba ka muuqata, ensaymes kuwaas weyni tahay beddelaad ah ee arrinta ka mid ah foomka isomeric in kale.
• Ligases - falgalka weyni tahay falcelinta dardaro.

Sida laga arki karo, falgalka - kuwani waa mid aad muhiim u ah wax jidhka, iyada oo aan taas geeddi socodka nolosha waa suurtogal aheyn.