Maxay yihiin ubaxa? Magacyada ubax beerta. Biology, ubax (qaab-dhismeedka)

ubax waaxda waa fasalka badan oo ah dhirta in ay u sameeyaan oo dhan gaabisay nolosha laamihiisa dib u habaynta gaar ah - ubax. Marka la barbardhigo xubnaha daaqsinka (xididada, caleemaha iyo caleemaha), ay, oo ay weheliso abuurka iyo midhaha, qabtaan shaqo generative lagama maarmaanka ah. In this article waxaan eegi doonaa a mawduucyo halis yar, oo ay ku jiraan qaab-dhismeedka of ubaxa iyo qaybo ay maamulaha shaqada. Waxaan ka hadli doonaa waxa ay yihiin ubaxa, waxay lagu tilmaamay oo kala duwan ka soo midba midka kale.

Biology, ubax. The qaab-dhismeedka iyo shaqada asliga ah

In dabiiciga ah, waxaa jira noocyo kala duwan oo badan oo midabyo, kala duwan ka soo kasta oo qaab-dhismeedka kale, midabka iyo size. Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waa qurux badan in ay jidka u gaar ah. Bayoolajiga fiirsan ubaxa sida xubin adag lagama maarmaan u ah farcankii taranka. Marka la eego guud ahaan, waxay ka kooban tahay saddex qaybood:

• stem (kafaalaqaade, pedicel);
• taarikada (Tent, sepals);
• generative (pistil (s), stamens).

ubax waxaa ku lifaaqan dusha sare ee baxsashada iyadoo la kaashanayo peduncle ah - organelle elongated gaar ah, sii of asliga ah.

In ubaxyadii dhirta qaar ka mid ah sida gabbaldayaha, hadhuudh, safsaf, muuska, dhir jirid ubax si dhib dareemi ay sabab u tahay iyagoo yaraynta xoog leh. goobaha kafaalaqaade The - sare, oo qayb ballaaran ee jirida ubaxa - diyaarin buro, stamens pistils iyo Corolla (hal ama dhowr). Kafaalaqaade laga yaabaa in tirada kala duwan oo uu leeyahay qaab oo kala duwan - convex (miro guduud), flat (camomile), concave (rosehips, jeeriga) ama ifafaalaha (avens).

Sheet ee ubaxa

Buro waa hay'ad ka kooban caleemaha ka kililka (sepals). Its shaqada ugu weyn waa in ay ilaaliyaan qaybaha gudaha ee ubaxa ka hor inta ku hari ubaxu. Buro razdelnolistnoy noqon karaa (haddii sepals ka soo soocay midba midka kale) ama gamophyllous (haddii ay dhisnayd). Corolla waa ugu cad ah, qayb ka mid ah wax garadka ubaxa. Waxay ka kooban tahay Tent ka ubaxyo in dhirta kala duwan si weyn u kala duwanaan karaan in qaab (embriyaha, haddana dawan-qaabeeya, isku shaandheyn, iyo masaf al.) Oo midabaynta. Shaqooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee taambuuggiisa ah - ilaalinta pistil iyo stamens ka xaaladaha deegaanka loo kasin, iyo soo jiidan pollinators cayayaanka. Corolla iyo buro ee daboolida ubax kor ka, kuwaas oo loo yaqaan perianth. Waxay noqon kartaa mid fudud, oo ka kooban a intergrows la mid ah oo lacag la'aan ah ama caleemaha, ama adag, si cad u kala ee Corolla iyo buro, taas oo si weyn u kala duwan yihiin midba midka kale in size iyo midabka. perianth fudud loo heli karaa ekaayeen ubax oo ka mid ah dooxada iyo tulips, iyo adag - jalaska, carnations, petunias iyo jeeriga. Waxaa ubaxa iyo gabi ahaanba ka maran element yiri, waxaa loo yaqaannaa qaawan (safsaf, ash). Hadda oo aad ogtahay waxa jira ubaxyo ka barta of view of qaab dhismeedka ah Corolla iyo buro. Next, annagaa ku sheegi doonna ku saabsan xubnaha ee ubaxa, siday shaqo taranka.

qayb Generative ee ubaxa

Stamens iyo pistils - qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee ubax. Waxay yihiin ee xarunta. Stamens waxaa lagu abaabulaa ka mid ah ama ka badan wareegyada dhow perianth ku laayeen gudaha iyo ka kooban yihiin filaments iyo anther taas oo manka waxaa la soo saaray. Pistil ka kooban yahay 3 qaybood: Tiirka, ceebeynta iyo ugxansidaha. Arintaan waxaa ku jira ku ovules, kuwaas oo u muuqdaan unugyada labka iyo dheddiga abuur ka dib. Dhirta badankoodu waxay leeyihiin pistil ah iyo stamens yihiin dhowr - laga bilaabo saddex ilaa boqol. Waxaa loo yaqaan bisexual. Qaar ka mid ah midabo, sida in Cannes, waxaa jira hal stamen kaliya. Waxaa jira dhirta in ay joogaan labada stamens ama pistils. Kuwani waxa loo yaqaan isku jinsi - staminate ama pistillate. midabada qaarkood sida cornflower iyo gabbaldayaha guud ahaan ma jiro mid ka mid ah jirka oo kale toona. waxaa sidaas daraaddeed waxay u bixiyeen asexual. Waa maxay midabada ay dhacdo in this? Dhirta in isku mar leeyihiin ubax staminate iyo pistillate labadaba waxaa lagu magacaabaa monoecious. Wakiilada of kooxdan yihiin bocorka, geedkii, qajaar, hadhuudhkii. Haddii ubaxyadii lab iyo dhaddig waa on shaqsiyaadka kala duwan (tusaale), dhirta waxaa lagu magacaabaa dioecious. Tusaale ahaan sida ay yihiin safsaf, libneh, badda-buckthorn.

kala duwan ee midabada

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in noocyada kala duwan ee dhirta modified caleemaha, ku fuliyo hawlahan generative, waxay leeyihiin qaab la mid ah, sida muuqata aad bay u kala duwanaan karaan. Waxa ay size kala duwanaan karaa ka millimeter ah (duckweeds y) iyo ilaa hal mitir ah dhexroor. Mid ka mid ah noocyada ugu xiisaha badan ee flora waa kulaylaha Rafflesia. Waxay leedahay ubaxyadii ugu weyn dunida, taas oo dhaadheer ur dheguhu ah oo qurmay hilib. dhirta kale, sida Jasmine beerta, Rose, ubaxa oo dooxada, exude caraf udgoon loo bixiyo. Tani waxay u tur, ur fiican waxaa keena ah saliidaha lagama maarmaanka ah si gaar ah, kaas oo loo sameeyay in unugyada lakabka epidermal ee Tent iyo perianth ah. The ubax ee dhirta badan yihiin cilmiga la siiyey qurux gaar ah iyo dadka ay siiso raaxo bilicsanaanta. Mid ka mid ah ubaxa ugu quruxda badan loo arko kacay iyo orchid.

midabayn Tent ah

Bal aynu eegno waxa ay tahay midabka ubaxa. Hooska of Tent ay keeni chromoplasts ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale formaldehyde gaar ah - pigments dheecaan unug. Tusaale ahaan, anthocyanin go'aamiso casaan, oo cas, buluug ama buluug antofein Corolla midabka - brown, carotenoids - huruud ah, oo cas iyo orange, iwm xiiso leh, midabka qayb ubax ka beddeli karaa inta lagu jiro maalinta -., Iyada oo ku xidhan ashitada ee dheecaan unug. Tusaale ahaan, ubaxyadii of color warshad Victoria amazonica isbedelka ka-cad in ay casaan ka dibna si cas.
midabka qayb ubax White (tusaale ahaan, cherry, ubaxyada, tufaax) ay go'aamiyeen maqnaanshaha pigments iyo milicsiga ee rays iftiinka. Ma jiraan madow? No, tani ma aha Midabka ah Tent ka. midabka madow waa guduud midabo maroon kahaayeen ama waxaysidoo madow.

ubaxa

Waxaa jira ah oo ku saabsan nus milyan noocyada kala duwan ee dhirta kaynta iyo beerta. Laakiin keliya 290 ka mid ah ayaa lagu tilmaamay, oo ay magaca helay. Tan iyo wakhtiyadii hore, ubaxa duurka (photo waxay muujinaysaa kala duwanaantooda) ayaa loo isticmaalaa wax soo saarka ee medicaments. Oo layaabna ma leh, tan iyo aad u badan oo iyaga ka mid ah waxay leeyihiin bogsiinaya guryaha. The wakiillo ugu fiican waa: cornflower, Daisy, calaamada, dawanno, dandelions, violets, waa i illowsiiyey-. Cornflowers - taasi waa aad ubax qurux badan in buluug dhalaalaysa. Waxay inta badan ku koraan ee beeraha sarreenka ugu wanaagsan. poppies Field taagan ay, Tent hodan cas "dab". Helay weheliyaan roadsides, riteen bannaan, laakiin si gaar ah wax caadi ah in deel ah. chamomile Field ayaa ubax qurux badan madaxa jaale iyo Tent cad. Chamomile si weyn loo isticmaalo in lagu daaweeyo cudurro badan, oo ay ku jiraan daaweynta mindhicirka, beerka, cunaha iyo saabka afka.

ubax Forest. Waa maxay midabka waa snowdrops?

The ubax ugu caansan sii kordhaya ee kaynta, waa anemone ah, johannesört, ubaxyada, snowdrops, sorrel caadi St. John iyo kuwa kale. Waxa ay quruxda ka tago ma mid taag daran. Laakiin ugu jilicsan ee kala duwan ee boqortooyada ubax kaynta oo dhan waa snowdrop ah. Waxa uu marka hore u muuqataa in ay la diiriyay, toos ah uga soo baraf barafku, oo u taagan soo socda ee guga. Ma taqaan waxa midabka waa snowdrops?

Inta badan, kuwaas oo primroses tur leeyihiin Tent dawan-qaabeeya cad. Laakiin waxaa jira buluug cirro leh, iyo tan iyo buluug. snowdrops panulirus ka mid ah oo ku saabsan laba noocyada darsin, ee ka mid ah waxaa loo arkaa nivalis Galanthus wanaagsan ee loo yaqaan, snowdrop Elvis, Caddaan iyo kuwo kale. Waxay ku koraan sida ee penumbra ah, ka yar Cirkana dhismo geedaha iyo ku xoortay.

Mid ka mid ah dhirta duudda ugu qiimaha badan waxaa loo arkaa inay johannesört St John. Baro waxay noqon kartaa on jahaysteen afkoda iyo sheet ovate-kiish isagoo dusha siman. Tani herbaceous ubax dilka ah waa huruud dhalaalaya. St. John ee johannesört waxaa loo isticmaalaa in daawada sida anti-bararka, antimicrobial iyo wakiilka hemostatic.

ubax beerta Beautiful

ubaxa Garden - koox weyn oo dhirta ornamental, kuwaas oo loogu talagalay in ay qurxiyaan our nolosha iyo beereed ennoble. Waxay loo kala saari karaa sida ay xuduudaheedu qaarkood. Tusaale ahaan, ubax beerta waxaa inta badan u kala qaybiyey saddex kooxaha - annuals, biennials iyo perennials. By aan qabyo ahayn iyo waqti isku mid ah annuals dhalaalaya oo qurux badan waxaa loo arkaa in ay pansy ah, marigold (calendula), alyssum, nasturtium. Perennials - a ubaxyo madaxtooyada in xajisto hantida ay fiican dhowr sano. Waxay yihiin fiican beer kasta, waxa aanu u baahan-tallaalidda sanadlaha ah iyo daryeelka daran. Maxay yihiin ubaxa? Magacyada ku perennials-ugu wanaagsan ee loo yaqaan waa sida soo socota :. Astilbe, kacay, Peony, saxifrage, daylily, campion, hallabin, daffodil, Tulip, iwm The dalagga dilka ah ugu fiican u yaqaan waxaa loo tixgeliyaa in ay daisies, Viola, dhir caraf ah Turkish, foxglove, hollyhock, iwm ..