Fosfooraska ee jidhka bini'aadamka, qiimaha, saamaynta

Kiimikada noole - bayoolaji in daraasaad Halabuurka kiimikada ee unugyada qofka iyo u shaqeeyo oo dhan. Waxaa la og yahay in ku dhawaad 98% ka mid ah waxyaabaha ku jira gacanta ka mid ah ogsijiin, carbon, nitrogen iyo hydrogen. kiimikada waxaa lagu magacaabaa organogenic. 1.8% yihiin potassium, sodium, magnesium, chlorine iyo fosfooraska. In aadanaha, ay qayb ka mid ah cusbada macdanta yihiin oo ay leeyihiin qaab udhigo fudud ama mid kakan, bixinta koorsada caadiga ah ee reactions-shiid. Tusaale ahaan, xarunta weyn ee unugyada ka masuulka ah kala iibsiga ee sifooyin hidaha - acids nucleic - ka kooban anions waa anions of phosphoric acid.

Britain ATP The on taas oo ah tamarta software gacanta ayaa sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah udhigo fosfooraska. In this article, waxaan ku soo bandhigaynaa tusaaleyaal in loo xaqiijiyo doorka muhiimka ah ee fosfooraska ee jirka aadanaha iyo saamaynta ay ku dheefshiidka.

Covalent bonds kala horjeeda iyo qiimaha

Dhismaha saleysan walxaha organic dhismaha arrinta ku nool, waa awoodda ay u taagoo ah si ay u sameeyaan nooc ka mid ah qaar ka mid ah bond kiimikada. Waxaa lagu magacaabaa covalent kala horjeeda oo ka timi dhexeeya atamka bacayn, go'aamisa astaamaha asaasiga ah kiimiko ah. Kiimikada noole, barashada qaabka taagoo of walxaha in unugyada dhirta, fangaska, xayawaanka, dhigay ay Halabuurka kiimikada. Waxaa soo baxay in, ka sokow nitrogen, carbon, oksijiin, iyo waxay ka kooban fosfooraska. In aadanaha, waxa aan la helay ee gobolka free, sababta oo ah waa heer sare ah sun. Sidaa darteed, in nidaamka nool element uu leeyahay qaab anions meta-, ortho- ama acid pyrophosphoric, kaas oo awood u leeyihiin in ay sameeyaan bonds la siifilisku biraha. In waxa walxaha ay ku kulmi karaan unugyada?

Fosfooraska in u taagoo organic adag

Borotiin nidaamka lafaha, hormoono, vitamins, iyo subaga si ay u sameeyaan adag fosfooraska-ka kooban a udhigo xeryahooda adag. In aadanuhu ay jiraan xeryahooda adag - iyo phospholipids fosfoproteidy, ka samaysan ee u taagoo of walxaha bayoloji firfircoon - falgalka iyo steroids. bonds covalent Polar in nucleotides DNA iyo RNA ogolaan formation of bonds phosphodiester silsilado acid nucleic. Waa maxay sababta loo baahan yahay fosfooraska ee jirka ku jira iyo waxa ay tahay hawlaha ay dheef? Ha noo ugu horeysay xaalka ka fiirso heerka gacanta ururka.

fosfooraska Place in sideeda oo aasaaska ah ee unugyada

Sida ay content ee cytoplasm iyo organelles (0.2-1%), non-birta ah waa in kaalinta afaraad ka dib markii xubno ka organogenic. Inta badan cokan unugyada xeryahooda fosfooraska socon karto - osteocytes, walax unugyada ilkaha - dentin. ay content ee neurons iyo glia, taas oo ka dhigi ilaa habka dareemayaasha jirka waa weyn yahay. atamka fosfooraska ku jira borotiinno xuub, acids nucleic iyo walxaha tamar - ATP triphosphate adenosine iyo foomka hoos nikotinamiddinukleotidfosfata - NADP × H _2. Sida aan ku aragno soo fosfooraska jirka aadanaha waxaa laga helaa dhammaan dhismayaasha muhiim, unugyada, unugyada, nidaamyada nafsaaniga ah.

Waxaa la og yahay in heerka homeostasis cell, kaas oo ah nidaam noolaha furan ku xiran tahay midda of udhigo kala duwan ee dareeraha intercellular iyo hyaloplasm. Waa maxay shaqo ee fosfooraska in dayactirka ah ee deegaan joogto gudaha ee jirka aadanaha?

nidaamka baseka

Sababo la xiriira hantida dhex xuub dibadda semipermeable galay gacanta si joogto ah helo walxaha kala duwan, fiirsashada sare xun u saameyn karto ay waxqabad. Si aad uga takhalusi lahaayeen xad-dhaaf ah ee atammada sun ah, cytoplasm ah, si wadajir ah ula sodium siifilisku ah, potassium, calcium, waxaa ku jira harta acidic carbonate, sulfite, iyo acids phosphoric. Waxay awoodaan inay fal la xad-dhaaf ah ee atammada qabtay qafas, iyo xakameeyo joogta ah ee ka kooban intracellular yihiin. nidaamka ku xiranyahay marka laga reebo udhigo ee acids daciif ah, waxaa ka mid ah in ay daruuri tahay anions HPO ₄ ^2- iyo H ₂ PO ₄ ^- oo ay ku jiraan fosfooraska. In aadanaha, waxa ay ka kooban tahay nidaamka kayd bixisaa koorsada physiologically caadiga ah ee reactions dheefshiidka heer gacanta.

phosphorylation oxidative

qaybsama xeryahooda organic in gacanta waxaa lagu magacaabaa Neefta laylinta. madasha - mitochondria ah. On laalaabka hoose - cristae organelles - kaxeynayo ensaymes ku yaal. Tusaale ahaan, nidaamka ATPase wuxuu ka kooban yahay sidayaal electron molekuly-. Maaddaama ay falcelin catalyzed by falgalka ka ADP oo u taagoo phosphoric acid free dhexsameeysmo ATP - universal wakiilka unugyada tamarta wada baabbi'iyey ay faafin, koritaanka, mooshinka. Its formation matali karaa nidaamka reaction fududeeyay ah: F = ADP + ATP. Markaasuu u taagoo adenosinetriphosphate ku ururto cytoplasm ah. Waxay u adeegaan sida il tamar for shaqo farsamo, tusaale ahaan, in nidaamka muruqa ah, iyo in ay reactions of exchange caag ah. Sidaa darteed, fosfooraska ee jidhka bini'aadamka ka ciyaartaa door muhiim ah ka-shiid tamarta.

bonds Phosphodiester taagoo hiddo

content fosfooraska qaaradda High waxaa lagu diiwaangeliyaa bu'da unugga, sida qeyb ka mid ah xubin ka mid ah acids nucleic. Furay in qarnigii 19-saynisyahan Swiss F. Miescher, iyagu waa biopolymers ka kooban monomers iyo - nucleotides. Fosfooraska joogo labadaba saldhig purine iyo pyrimidine ah, iyo xiriirada la xirrira RNA silsilad iyo superhelix DNA. The monomers ah ee acids nucleic awood u sameynta qaab dhismeedka polymer a by saara bonds covalent dhexeeya harta pentose iyo acid phosphoric been nucleotides ku xiga. Waxaa loo yaqaan phosphodiester. Nabaad guurka ah ee DNA iyo RNA taagoo dhaca unugyada aadanaha bandhigi shucaaca gamma adag ama walxaha sunta ah ay sabab u tahay sumowga waxaa sabab u ah dillaac silsilado phosphodiester. Waxa ay keenaysaa in ay gacanta dhimasho.

xuubka noolaha

Qaab dhismeedka qeexaya waxyaabaha gudaha ee gacanta, iyo ka kooban yihiin fosfooraska. In aadanuhu ilaa 40% by miisaanka engegan ku dhacaa, xeryahooda ka kooban phospholipids iyo fosfoproteidy. Waxay yihiin qaybaha ugu waaweyn ee lakabka xuub, kaas oo sidoo kale ay jiraan walxaha sida borotiinada iyo carbohydrates. content fosfooraska High waa caadiga ah ee neurocytes qolof iyo geedi - dendrites iyo axon. xuubka Phospholipids siin plasticity, iyo mahad u taagoo kolestaroolka iyo xataa xoog. Waxa kale oo ay ka ciyaaraan door ah oo Rasuuladanada ka labaad - digayaan taagoo in ay yihiin activators borotiinada effector ku lug Suu dareemayaasha.

qanjidhada Parathyroid iyo doorka ay ku shiid fosfooraska

digir la mid been labada dhafoorka qanjirka thyroid ka oo miisaan ah kasta 0.5-0.8 g, qanjirka parathyroid in ay qarsan hormone parathyroid. Waxaa dejisa sarrifka ee xubno ka ah sida calcium iyo fosfooraska ee jirka. hawlaha waa sida saamaynta ay osteoblasts iyo osteocytes - unugyada lafta, kuwaas oo saamayn ku hormone bilaabaan inay qarsan cusbo of phosphoric acid in dheecaanka extracellular. Marka hyperfunction oo ka mid ah qanjidhada parathyroid lafaha aadanaha xoog lumin, jilciso oo dumin, content fosfooraska, iyaga oo ku soo maratay hoos u. Wakhtigan, halis dheeraad ah oo jab ah dhabarta, miskaha iyo miskaha, hanjabaad nolosha bukaanka. Isla, sii kordhaya xaddiga calcium. Tani waxay keenaysaa in hypercalcemia oo leh calaamado of dareemayaasha durugsan iyo dhicitaankii cabirida xaalada muruqa lafaha. PTH u dhaqmo on kelyaha, yaraynta fosfooraska nuugay cusbada ka kaadida hoose. Kordhinta content ee phosphate in unugyada kelyaha sababa hyperphosphaturia iyo kalkulaska formation.

Halabuurka The macdanta unugyada lafuhu

The engegnaantiinna aawadeed, xooggayga iyo barti nidaamka taageerada ay ku xidhan tahay Halabuurka kiimikada unugyada lafta. Osteocytes ku jira sida xeryahooda organic, protein tus ossein, iyo walxaha imanba kooban phosphate cusbada calcium iyo magnesium. Iyadoo da'da, qof ka mid ah qaybaha macdanta sida hydroxylapatite in osteocytes iyo osteoblasts kordhay. mineralization lafta aan caadi ahayn, raasamaal ee calcium cusbada iyo fosfooraska xad-dhaaf ah ee jirka ku keenaysaa in khasaaraha of barti iyo xoog of lafaha, sidaa darteed dadka waayeelka ah inta badan waxay halis ugu jiraan dhaawac iyo jab.

Diinta ka xeryahooda fosfooraska ee jirka aadanaha

qanjirka ugu weyn dheefshiidka ee jirka aadanaha - beerka - ayaa door muhiim ah in dareen diidmo sarrifka xeryahooda fosfooraska-jiraan. hormone Parathyroid iyo vitamin D ay sidoo kale gacan ka hawlgaladaa. Shuruudaha looga baahan yahay maalin kasta element dadka waaweyn waa 1,0-2, 0 garaam, carruurta iyo dhalinyarada - 2.5 fosfooraska qaab cusbada si fudud digestible iyo sidoo kale in la kaxeynayo borotiinada iyo carbohydrates ee jidhka bini'aadamka ka timaadaa cuntada.

Waxay waxaa ka buuxa gabbaldayaha, bocorka, hemp. In cuntada asal ahaan xayawaanka fosfooraska badan ee beerka digaag, hilib lo'aad, cheese adag, kalluunka. fosfooraska xad-dhaaf ah ee jirka waxay keeni kartaa ka xanuunada reabsorbtsionnoy function kelyaha, vitamins si xun u isticmaalka, deficiency calcium in cunto. Saamaynta xun ee fosfooraska on jidhka bini'aadamka waxaa ugu horayn muujiyey in dhaawaca nidaamka, kelyaha iyo lafta qalab wadnaha iyo waxay muujin kartaa a cudurada dheefshiidka halis ah.