Maxay ahayd Alexander 2? shakhsiyadda gooyo ee. Biography, inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada

Maalintii ugu horraysay ee guga 1881, waxaa lagu rusheeyey dhiiggii Emperor ah, soo galay sida kaari weyn ee dib u habaynta ee taariikhda Russia, si hagaagsan u qalantay epithet u siinay on by dadka liberator ah. On maanta Emperor Alexander 2 (boqortooyada - 1855-1881) ayaa lagu dilay qarax ka tuuray by Narodnaya Volya Ignatius Grinevitsky.

Sanadaha Hore kii dhaxalka lahaa

April 17, 1818 ka badan Moscow xaaqan onkod ee rashka - leeyihiin in ay sii joogaan guriga hoggaamiyaha kiniisaddu ee lamaanaha Imperial ku dhashay kii dhaxalka lahaa carshiga, helay at Baabtiisku Quduuska ah magaca Alexander. xaqiiqda A cajiib ah, dhimashada Peter waxaan taliyaha kaliya ee Russia, ku dhashay ay magaalada qadiimiga ah ka dib, wuxuu ahaa - ka Emperor mustaqbalka Alexander 2.

Uu Biography muujinaysaa in kii dhaxalka lahaa carruurnimada oo carshiga ku qaaday meel ka yar isha feejigaan aabbihiis. Emperor Nicholas waxaan ku bixinayaa in waxbarashada wiilkiisa dareenka aad u dhow. Waajibaadka baraha of Alexander ayaa la aaminay in Abwaan caan V. A. Zhukovskogo, kuwaas oo ma aha oo kaliya isaga baray naxwaha luuqada Ruushka, laakiin sidoo kale lagu beeray qaab dhismeedka guud wiil dhaqanka. Gaarka ah sidoo kale Maaddada sida luqadaha ajnabiga, arrimaha ciidamada, sharciga iyo taariikhda xurmada leh, waxaa la baray macalimiinta ugu fiican waqtiga.

An jacaylka dhallinyarada aan waxba galabsan

Malaha ee lyrics of macalimiinta guriga uu, iyo V. sare oo kale A. Zhukovskogo tagay ay calaamaddu ku miyir ee Alexander dhallinyarada. Sida laga soo xigtay-qorka ee saffarro, waxaa ugu dhaqsaha badan waxay bilaabeen inay muujiyaan u janjeera in ay infatuation taataabtay, kaas oo sababay qanacsanayn aabbihiis, nin, iyadoo jidka ag fadhida, waxa kale oo aan dembi lahayn. Waxaa la og yahay in intii uu socdaalka ku London, Sasha ahaa kaabayaasha dhaqaale gabar yar - mustaqbalka Korolevoy Viktoriey, laakiin dareenka ka mid ah ayaa ku Qaddarray baabba'ayn.

Bilow hawlaha gobolka

Emperor Nicholas waxaan ugu dhaqsaha badan waxay bilaabeen inay ku soo biiraan wiilkeeda arrimaha guud ee dadweynaha. Oo kali ah lagu gaarey qaangaarnimada, ayuu la soo bandhigay ee Senate iyo Synod Quduuska ah. Si aad u arki xadka mustaqbalka Boqortooyada ee boqortooyada, taas oo uu leeyahay si ay u maareeyaan aabbihiis wuxuu u soo diray in 1837 safar uu ku tago Russia, inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo Alexander booqday siddeed iyo labaatan gobolladiisa. Ka dib markii in, wuxuu u tegey Europe si ay u kaabaan aqoonta iyo dhameystiro waxbarashada.

Guddiga Alexander 2 bilaabay in 1855, isla markiiba ka dib dhimashadii gooyey soddon sannadood oo boqortooyadii aabbihiis Nicholas I. Dhaxalgalka ayuu dhaxlo dhibaatooyin la xiriira su'aasha soo ridayeen ah, xiisadda dhaqaale iyo rajo laga badiyay War Crimean ah, in ay ku riday Russia in xaalad go'doon ah oo caalami ah. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah waxay u baahan xal degdeg ah.

The degdeg loogu baahan yahay dib u habaynta

Si aad u dalka ka soo bixinayo dalka dib u habaynta dhibaatada loo baahan yahay ah, baahida loo qabo kuwaasi oo u sheegaya by nolosha laf ahaanteed. The ugu horeysay oo ka mid ah ahaa la baabiiyo oo ka mid ah degsiimooyinka military, dib u soo galay 1810. Emperor ee shinka la soo dhaafay soo diray mid ka mid stroke qalinka, waxa aanu ka faa'iidaysan Army iyo cadhaysiinina qarax bulshada. Iyada oo ay taasi dhacdo aad u deg-deg ah, oo waxay bilaabeen in ay isbadal weyn Alexander 2.

baabiiyo of serfdom

Aasaaskii la dhigay. Ka dib markii in, gooyo Alexander 2 qaadeen fulinta howlgalka weyn ee taariikhiga ah - la baabiiyo of serfdom. Waxaa la og yahay in baahida loo qabo in tallaabadan ka mid ah qoraal ka badan Empress Catherine II, laakiin sannadihii kuwii miyir bulshada uunan diyaar u ahayn sida isbedel xagjirka ah, iyo amiirka iyaga caqli ka aamuseen.

Haddaba, in bartamihii qarnigii XIX ah, Alexander 2, kuwaas oo aqoonsiga waxaa qaabeeya by xaqiiqada taariikheed aad u kala duwan, inay ogaadaan in haddii aadan joojin addoonsiga sharci, waxaa u adeegi doonaa sida qarxiye ah u kaca ee halista qarax kacaan ee dalka.

view la mid ah waxaa la qabtaa iyo dowlada ugu horusocod ah uu deegaanka, laakiin in wareegyada maxkamadda la aasaasay mucaaradka wayn oo saamayn leh, oo ka kooban saraakiil ka mid ah boqortooyada ee la soo dhaafay, ayay keeneen oo ku sugan xeryaha iyo ruuxa maamul ee Nicholas I.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1881 dibuhabaynta waxaa la hirgeliyey, iyo malaayiin serfs ku noqdaan muwaadiniin siman of Russia. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani waxay keentay in dhibaato cusub, kaas oo lagu xallin Alexander 2. In gaaban, waxaa hoos u karaysa in xaqiiqda ah in hadda ka dib yaroow free lagama maarmaan ahayd in ay bixiyaan hab ka mid ah hab-nololeedka ah, in uu yahay, dalkii lahaa mulkiilayaasha ah. Xalka in dhibaatadan soo jiiday on sanado badan.

Maaliyadda iyo dib u habaynta waxbarashada sare

The talaabo muhiim ah ee soo socota, taasoo ku calaamadsan boqornimadii Alexander 2 ahaa dib u habaynta dhaqaalaha. Sidaas darteed of baabiiyo of serfdom ee Russia sameeyay nooc oo gebi ahaanba kala duwan ee dhaqaalaha - raasammaaliyade. Nidaamka dhaqaale ee gobolka, oo ku salaysan canshuurta doorashada ma buuxiyaan shuruudaha waqtiga. Wixii casriyeynta ee 1860-1862 sannad xisaabeedka. Waxaa abuuraa hay'ad cusub ee dalka - bangiga gobolka. Intaa waxaa dheer, hadda ka dib miisaaniyadda iyadoo la raacayo dib u habaynta ku ansixiyeen Golaha State iyo Emperor ee shakhsi.

Laba sano ka dib markii la baabiiyo of serfdom, saacaddii way timid inay isbedel ku sameeyaan waxbarashada sare. Mashruucan muhiim ah ka go'an in 1863 uu dib u habaynta dambeeyay ee Alexander 2. Si kooban waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa abuuritaanka hab gaar ah oo ururka ka mid ah nidaamka waxbarashada ee jaamacadaha. Fair oo u sheegay in dib u habaynta, kanu wuxuu ahaa deeqsi ah ugu of dhan sameeyay inta lagu guda jiro boqor ku xiga.

Dhismaha Zemstvos iyo dacwad soo cusboonaaday

falalka sharci-dejinta muhiim ah u noqday miyiga iyo dib u habaynta garsoorka, fuliyey ee 1864. Inkasta oo baahi deg-deg ah si ay u qoraan oo dhan caanka ah keentay. codadkaan ka soo horjeeda oo dhan mucaaradka isla, kuwaas oo ra'yi ma kaa gargaari kara laakiin dhegaysan, Alexander 2.

shakhsiyadda ee Boqortooyada this waxaa badanaa lagu gartaa ay jecel yihiin si joogto ah si ay u dheelli u dhaxaysa laba ulaha kala duwan ee ra'yi - intelligentsia ah horumar iyo maxkamadda muxaafidka ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii ay taasi uu muujiyey qalleyf.

Sidaas darteed of fuliyay ay ahaayeen labadii tabo cusub ugu muhiimsan ee gobolka - habaynta in habayn nidaamka naftiisa huriye garsoorka kulligiin sidaas oo Yurub, iyo labaad, in wax laga beddelo amarka maamul maamul.

Diinta ciidanka

Later ay soo biiray by magaalooyinka dibuhabaynta dawladda, waxbarashada dugsiga sare oo military ah, oo sabab u ah kaas oo lagu galay guurka ka qoranayaan si qasabka ah. Ay qabanqaabiyaha ugu weyn iyo hagaha nolosha ahaa, sidii hore, Alexander 2.

Uu Biography ayaa tusaale u ah waxqabadka horusocod ah oo xooggan, laakiin had iyo jeer ma aha guddoomiye gobolka joogta ah. Isku dayga in la isu geeyo falalka danaha horjeeda ee ceegaagta bulshada, waa natiijada soo baxday in qariib ah iyo kacaan-maskax fasalada hoose ee bulshada, iyo top laandheere noqon.

Nolosha qoyska Boqortooyada

Alexander 2 - a shaqsiyad kala weji duwan. Oo ay la socdaan macquulsan qabow, waxaa coexisted Xaaladan of this in uu dhalinyarada penchant ah raad taataabtay. taxane ah mu'aamaraad salon soo Dagdagaysa la hablihii sharaf of dayrka aan la kala gooyey xitaa ka dib markii uu guur la Princess Mariey Avgustoy of Hesse, kuwaas oo qaatay magaca Asalraacnimadu Maria Alexandrovna. Waxay ahayd naag jecel, cilmiga la siiyey hadiyadda ah dambi dhaaf aan labaweji lahayn. Ka dib markii iyada dhimasho sababa cudurka qaaxada, gooyo guursaday sayidaddeedii muddo dheer Ekaterina Mikhailovna Dolgorukova kaas oo uu dhintay naxdinta ahayd dhabar jab ku dilaa.

End of nolosha reformer weyn

Alexander 2 - qofka in iyaga u gaar ah naxdin leh. , xoog iyo tamarta oo dhan ayuu Nagi kaca of Russia si heer Yurub, laakiin falalka ay inta badan dar dar geliyay in curdinka ah wakhtigaas dalka ciidamada burbur, vvergshim gobolka dambe galay kacaanka ku daatay. Dilka of Alexander 2 ahaa link kama dambaysta ah ee silsilad weerarro ay ku kacaan isaga. Kuwaas oo ku jira toddoba.

Arintaan, kaas oo ku kici nolosha gooyo, la sameeyey March 1, 1881 at Catherine Canal qararka ee St. Petersburg. Waxaa la abaabulay oo ay koox ka mid ah argagixisada isu yaqaan "Narodnaya Volya". Waxay ka kooban yahay dadka ceegaagta kala duwan ee bulshada ee bulshada. Waxay leeyihiin fikrad yar sida loo dhiso dunida cusub oo si joogto ah hadalka, hase ahaatee ay midoobeen jecel yihiin in la burburiyo aasaaskii jir ah.

Si loo gaaro yoolkaas Dadka waxay u reebeen intii uu nolosha dad badan oo kale toona. In ay opinion, dilka Alexander 2 ahaa in ay signal ee kacdoonka guud, laakiin dhab ahaan waxa uu abuuray dareen cabsi iyo rajo bulshada, had iyo jeer soo muuqday markii sharciga la tuntay by caayaan ciidanka. Maanta Monument in Liberator Tsar waa macbudka "Badbaadiyeheenna on Dhiig ah", ka taagay on goobta uu dhintay.