Maxaad Khrushchev siiyey Crimea Ukraine? Waa maxay sababaha loo badhkood of Crimean in Ukraine?

Maxaad Khrushchev siiyey Crimean? Su'aashani waxay la waydiiyo by badan maanta. In la xidhiidha dhacdooyinkii bilihii la soo dhaafay dib-shaac iyo wareegay in meel bannaan oo macluumaad ah khuraafaadka ku saabsan lahaanshaha dhul Crimean ah. Gaar ahaan si firfircoon buunbuuniyeen halyeeyga ah "hadiyadda boqornimada" Nikity Hruscheva. Waxaad dhahdaa waxa aad xal kaliya (oo sidaas daraaddeed aan sharci ahayn) siiyey Jasiiradda in Ukraine. Oo sidii birdaawe xoog badan hantida USSR ee Jamhuuriyadda siweyn looga ahaayeen Gaarna calaamad, iyo dadka iska aamusay - oo dhan, maxaa yeelay, waxaa jiray guud ah, Soviet. Waayo, kuwa ku mashquulsan yihiin run taariikhiga ah, sheekooyin aan siyaasadeed, ujeedada taas - xaq ku fikirka ah ee galaya Jamhuuriyadda goboleedka Ruush ah, fuliyay falanqaynta ilaha. Aan la fahmo sababta Khrushchev siiyey Crimea Ukraine, waa in waxa la "bandhigay" iyo in "soo bandhigaysaa" farxad leh.

Xaqiiqada Kheyraadka Dalka jooge Jamhuuriga ee dalka USSR

taariikhyahanadu Ruush ayaa badanaa loo kala iibsiga ee Crimea ficil horay loo arag Ukraine. Waxaad dhahdaa, Khrushchev jecel yahay dalkan iyo sida loo isticmaalo guuradii ee Golaha Pereyaslav dalka jecel "ayaa koray zemelku". Dhab ahaantii, ficilka ee suuqa kala iibsiga ee Jasiiradda in RFSSR Yukreeniyaan uma rar fikirka. Go'aanka waxaa loo Yeedhiyaa by sababaha dhaqaale la sifaynayo, dhaqaalaha. Oo iibsiga noocan oo kale ah ma ahaa qofka kaliya. Sidaas daraaddeed, in 1924, degmada Taganrog ee gobolka Donetsk waxaa lagu wareejiyey in Russia. Ka dib wuxu noqday degmo ee gobolka Rostov ah. Laakiin tirada ugu badan ee dadka ku nool degmada, gaar ahaan kuwa ku nool meelaha miyiga ah - qowmiyadaha Ukraine. Laakiin back to our saarney. Maxaad Khrushchev siiyey Crimea Ukraine? Ma ahan oo kaliya meel dhul ah oo, ay tahay - oo loo dhan Midowga miciinka caafimaadka ... Laakiin in ay ahayd in 1954?

Khuraafaad 1 Khrushchev siiyey Crimea si Ukraine

In 1990, ka dib burburkii Midowga Soofiyeeti, waxaa jiray hadal ah oo ku saabsan. Qaar ka mid ah siyaasiyiinta dalka Ruushka ayaa soo sara kiciyey "buurta" Arinta Crimean. Oo waxay arkeen-in-sharciga ah ee Khrushchev, Alekseya Adzhubeya, iyo amar ku bixiyay isaga, wariye xirfadle, maqaal ku salaysan xusuusihii shakhsi ahaaneed ee dhacdooyinka kuwa. Waxa uu rumoobay amarka. Laakiin maqaal cinwaankiisu yahay "Sidee iyo sababta Khrushchev siiyey Crimea Ukraine. Xusuus on topic ah la siiyo "waxa uu ahaa dhaawac qotto dheer u farsamoyaqaanno siyaasadeed. Sida laga soo xigtay weriyaha, 1954, booska uu ka Sodogiisa carshiga Soviet ahaa mid aad u gariir. Dabcan, waxa uu ahaa xoghayaha koowaad ee golaha dhexe CPSU ah, laakiin dalka weli maamula "rjooga" Stalin - Malenkov, Molotov, Kaganovich, Voroshilov, Bulganin. Si aad u samayso go'aano halis ah, iyo xataa kuwii keeni kartaa in eedeymaha naxariis ee laga tirada badan yahay qaranka in la haybsooco oo ka mid ah "walaalka ka weyn u weyn", waxaa qayb ka mid ah noqon lahayd Khrushchev ayaa aad u arag gaaban yahay.

Khuraafaad 2: Khrushchev hadiyado Crimea si Ukraine

Waxaan isku dayaan in ay soo saari dhacdooyinkii wakhtigaas. Crimea, sida hore ee kale ee hoos shaqo Nazi dalkii, oo aad u burburay intii lagu jiray dagaalka. Laakiin kan ugu daran waxay ahaayeen khasaaraha aadanaha. Tirada dadka ee Jasiiradda gooyay by badh, iyo in 1944 ahayd 780,000 oo qof. Halkii xallinta dhibaatada khayraadka aadanaha, hoggaanka Soviet bilaabay "ethnic cleansing." Konton kun oo Jarmalka ku nool Jasiiradda tan iyo wakhtigii Catherine II, ayaa la saaro in maalmaha hore ee dagaalka. Oo ka dib markii dhamaadka ay qaddar waxaa soo noqnoqda 250 kun Crimean tataarka, kuwaas oo lagu eedeeyay in "gacan duulay ah." Weheliyaan iyaga waxaa la mustaafuriyay qowmiyadaha Bulgarian, dad Gariig ah, Armenians iyo Czech. Sidaas darteed siyaasadaha karin dhaqaalaha Jasiiradda ayaa si buuxda u dhacay. Si aad u kicin ugu yaraan heerka tirooyinka pre-dagaal, dawladda ku amray masuuliyiinta si ay u bixiyaan khayraadka biyaha iyo tamarta Ukraine sii buurayn ee Peninsula. Ka dib oo dhan, waxaa aad ka maqnaato.

Khuraafaad 3: Ukraine si gotovenkoe oo dhammuna way yimaadeen

Xukuumadda Soviet uu go'aansaday in uu buuxiyo laayeen cidla ah oo ka mid ah soo galootiga Ruushka kuwaas oo la keenay inta badan xagga woqooyi. Qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah ku nool yihiin guryaha ay tataarka soo tarxiilay oo ay "dhaxlay" in ay dalka oo dhan qoyska. halkan oo keliya ayaa ka mid ah yaroow Volga iyo geedka canabka ah ku laayeen Arkhangelsk, tubaakada, dalagyada daruuriga ah-saliid ku arkay markii ugu horeysay ee aan nolosheyda. baradho iyo kaabash xun A kor u cimilada oomane of Crimean ah. Sidaas darteed of toban sano ah "maamul" dhaqaalaha ee Jasiiradda uusan waxba iska badalin wanaagsan. Gebi ahaanba la joojiyey laan this ee beeraha sida ido ah. beerto beerta canabka ah hoos u dhacay boqolkiiba toddobaatan iyo dhalidda ee beeraha ahayd xitaa ka hooseeya in geedaha duurjoogta ah. Taasi waa sababta Khrushchev siiyey Ukraine Crimean - beeralayda ka USSR waxay ahaayeen caadaysteen in ay miro iyo khudaar koonfurta sii kordhaya, iyo cimiladii Kherson iyo gobolka Odessa ma aha badan oo kala duwan ka soo deel ama degmada Dzhankoy Simferopol.

prehistory

Weli Khrushchev door ee xaqiiqda ah in 1954 halkaas ahayd dhacdo weyn - biirida Crimea ay u Ukraine. Khrushchev si Jasiiradda yimid sanad badh ka hor, kala eryay by fikradda ay u aasaan dalalkan oo hadhuudh Midowga Soofiyeeti. Waxa uu la socday in-sharciga, Aleksey Adzhubey. Isaga oo xusuusanaya, "Nikita Sergeyevich ahaa hareereysan dad ka mid ah beeralayda. Sida kulanka runtii ahaa ganacsi, laakiin ma aha, waayo diiwaanka, wadahadalka ahaa bashaash. Beeralayda ka cawday in baradho ah ma halkan koraan, wilts kaabajka, xaaladaha loo dulqaadan karin. "Waxaan la khiyaameeyay" - Waxaa sii kordhaya dadkii badnaa ka maqlay. isla habeenkaas, Khrushchev u tageen inay Kiev. Kulanka, madaxtooyada Mariinsky ah, uu ugu baaqay madaxda sare ee Ukraine si ay u caawiyaan dadka dhibaatada gaca ka. "Waxaa loo baahan yahay koonfureed jecel Jannooyin, hadhuudh, iyo baradhada ma sameyn", - ayuu yiri ".

Khuraafaad 4: The illegitimacy "hadiyad"

Qaar ka mid ah taariikhyahanadu damiir ku doodaya in kala iibsiga ee Crimea Ukraine, Khrushchev si fudud u ahaa hadiyad oo ku beegnaa guuradii 300aad ee Rada Pereyaslav ah. Oo maxaa yeelay, falkaas oo kale ah diidniintayda ka Jasiiradda Ruush dalkii waa sharci darrada ah. Sidaas awgeed, goysiga Crimea xaadirka ah ee Russia - waa dib u soo celinta cadaaladda taariikhiga ah. Laakiin waa? Aynu raacno dhacdooyinka. Bishii September 1953 wuxuu doonayaa inuu Goluhu of CPSU ah. theme ugu weyn - state of beeraha. Head of the Presidium Guddiga Dhexe iyo Guddoomiyaha Golaha Wasiirrada waqtiga ahaa G. M. Malenkov. Waxaa kulankan waxaa la go'aamiyay in lagu wareejiyo Jasiiradda Yukreeniyaan tan iyo dhaqaalaha Crimean iyo si hore ku filan daro Yukreeniyaan. Lix asbuuc ka dib, dabayaaqadii October 1953, go'aanka golaha dhexe jawaabay guddiga gobolka Crimean. Kor buu u yimid oo la haboon "initiative ka hoos." Inta qaboobaha ee 1953-1954. sameeyay shaqo fikirka degdegga ah. Sida Midowga Soofiyeeti waxba sameeyey oo aan soo koobaya saldhig fikirka, waxaa la go'aamiyay inay ku beeganto kala iibsiga ee Jasiiradda by Jamhuuriyadda gabadh walaashiis ah oo si guuradii kale oo ka mid ah dadka Yukreeniyaan in ay dib ula midoobo Russia. Ka dib markii marayay ah "Arinta Crimean" dhammaan xaaladaha sharciga ah, February 19, 1954 yimaadeen dhacdo taariikhi ah. The Presidium ee Golaha Sare USSR ee ka qowleysata amar on aagga kala iibsiga ka Ruush u Jamhuuriyadda Soviet Yukreeniyaan. Ugu dambeyntii, go'aankan la xaqiijiyay kaliya ee April 1954. Sidaa darteed eedeynta in Khrushchev siiyey Crimea in Ukraine, waa maqaar saar iyo taariikh ahaan aan sax ahayn.

Saamaynta of kala iibsiga

In guga ee 1954 wuxuu bilaabay inuu u yimid inuu u saarney iyo deganayasha ka Ukraine - Kiev, Chernigov iyo gobollada koonfurta. Natiijada ayaa loo arki karaa shanta sano ee la soo dhaafay. channel biyo ka Dnieper gudanayay waxaa la dhisay. Tani nidaamka waraabinta waxaa loo ogol yahay in ay keenaan gacan dhul beeraha xaalad wanaagsan. Yukreeniyaan buurayn, lagu qabtay line dunida ee trolleybus ugu dheer, ayaa la dhisay dumay intii lagu jiray dagaalka, Sevastopol, si kor loogu qaado dhaqaalaha ee steppe ee Crimean. Tan waxaa loo aqoonsaday by wargeysyada Soviet ee wakhtigaas - eegto oo kaliya iyada oo loo marayo diiwaan gelintii jir. Haddaba su'aashu waxay ku saabsan sababta Khrushchev siiyey Crimea in Ukraine, waa la sifaynayo siyaasadeed. Taariikhda waxa ay ka jawaabaysaa in yar ka duwan TV casri ah.