Maxaa walxaha loo yaqaan aldehydes iyo ketones? Isticmaalka aldehydes

Xeryahooda adigoo dhismeedkooda group carbonyl waa aldehydes ama ketones. Kooxda carbonyl aldehydes (RCOH) waa wacdi in hydrocarbon ah oo xagjir ah oo ka mid ah la eb hydrogen. Haddii kale, waxaad dhihi karaa in walxahan waxay ka kooban yihiin koox aldehyde (-COH), taas oo xarunta carbonyl ku xiran yahay eb hydrogen ah. ketones The (RCOR '), laba xag hydrocarbon addoonsi kooxda carbonyl ah. Magaca waxa ay ka imanaysaa acids ku aldehyde, kaas oo lagu qayilo ay soo jeesan, tus, bal qudhaanjada (formaldehyde), ethyl (acetaldehyde), propionaldehyde, butyric, aldehydes valeric. Sida ay isku waydaarsanayeen yeedhay aldehydes caalamiga ah: ethanal, propanal. Magacyada xag foomka ketonka horyaalka, taas oo lagu daray afjaridda ketonka. Tusaale ahaan, ketonka dimethyl (acetone), ketonka ethyl methyl. Title ketonka waydaarsanayeen caalamiga ah waxay ka timaadaa dheer ee -one hydrocarbon xidho, iyo barta of lifaaqa ah ee group carbonyl waxay muujinaysaa tiro, tusaale ahaan 2-propanone, 2-butanone. Isticmaalka aldehydes iyo ketones, ay sabab u tahay sifooyinka ay jir ahaan iyo kiimikada.

Aldehydes waa wax caadi ah in chemistry organic. uunsi badan ayaa waxay ku xiran yihiin walxaha kuwan. Aldehydes leeyihiin guryaha, kuwaas oo kala duwan oo ku xiran Abuuris xagjirka Britain ee. Wakiilka Hoose - aldehyde formic - gaaska, ku xiga - dareere, adke sarreeya. Formaldehyde iyo acetaldehyde yihiin si aad u wanaagsan L. biyo, milmi ee homologs kale hoos u sii kordhaya iyada oo miisaanka kelli. aldehydes Formic iyo acetic leeyihiin caraf pungent. Guryaha iyo isticmaalka aldehydes sabab u ah joogitaanka in ay Britain group carbonyl ah.

Laba xubnood hoose ee this taxane homologous ee "isticmaalka aldehydes" ayaa ah kuwa ugu muhiim ah in qiimaha warshadaha - waa formaldehyde iyo acetaldehyde. Formaldehyde la soo saaray on qiyaasta weyn, oo ku saabsan 6 million. Metrik / sanadkii. Waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka ee Beeyada. Waxa diyaariyey polycondensation of HOL , cusbi HOL-formaldehyde looga baahan yahay soo saaridda ee fiber iyo walxaha loox, xumbo HOL-formaldehyde, samaynta warqad xoog qoyan ama paperboard. Waxa kale oo muhiim ah oo la isticmaalo aldehyde ku salaysan falcelinta ee formaldehyde la polycondensation phenol. sababtay ayaa ka mid ah geeddi-socodka cusbi formaldehyde phenol (Bakelite) waa wax unsurpassed, taas oo ah in baahida injineernimada farsamada, in soo saaridda ee alaabta korontada sugi lahaayeen, wax soo saarka ee lacquers iyo adhesives. Diyaariyey laga soo diyaarinta formaldehyde dawooyinka (xal formaldehyde yaqaan formalin, waxaa loo isticmaalaa in daawada), caag synthetic, waxyaabaha qarxa iyo walxo kale oo badan organic.

Acetaldehyde mar ahaa sheyga xukuma, laakiin Muga-soo-saarka waxay ahaayeen hoos, hadda waxa ay soo saaraan wax ka yar 1 milyan oo Ton / sannadkii.. Markii hore, iyadoo la isticmaalayo acetaldehyde dhaqanka ahaa sida alaabta ceeriin for acetic acid. acetaldehyde codsigan hoos u dhacay sannadihii la soo dhaafay, sababtoo ah acetic acid waxaa la soo saaray si fiican ka methanol (habka Monsanto iyo habka Cativa). Laga soo bilaabo aragtida ah cadaanyo uumiga ah, acetaldehyde waa wax muhiim ah sida xawliga ah u taagayo pyridine of pentaerythritol iyo crotonaldehyde ah. Acetaldehyde u baahan yahay wax soo saarka ee balaastigga (Beeyada waxtar leh ka HOL iyo acetaldehyde diyaariyey).

Xubnaha kale ee taxanahan homologous sidoo kale waa in dalabka suuqa. isticmaalka ganacsiga ee aldehydes waxaa inta badan ay waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida alaabta ceeriin for ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee alcohols oxo loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka ee saabuunta dharka. Qaar ka mid ah aldehydes sare waxaa la soo saaray tiro yar (ka yar 1000 tons / sanadka) oo loo isticmaalo sida a maaddooyinka dhadhan in cadar. Waxaa ka mid ah qorfe, iyo taagayo, iyo lilial citral.