Makiinada Hla

degdeg ah ee dhibaatooyinka sida dhicis iyo dhalmo la'aan, waxaa hadda sii kordheysa sii kordhaya. Oo khash-shaqeeyo oo ka mid ah xubnaha taranka ee hababka taranka lab iyo dhaddig keeni dalalka la mid ah.

Ka mid ah sababaha waa in la siiyo labada cilladaha lagu dhasho oo helay (infections, xanuunada hawlaha hormoonada jidhka, dhibaatooyinka difaaca ah). xaaladaha cudur heleen inta badan ka jawaabin daaweyn, taas oo aan ku dhalin (hiddo) isbedel.

Currently, farsamada ay si degdeg ah horumarinta ee giisa unugyada labka iyo dheddiga, laakiin habka tani ma aha had iyo jeer ku ool ah iyo si dhif ah soo saaraan natiijada la rabay.

Maanta, saynisyahano ku soo gabagabeeyey in inta badan ee fashilaad in unugyada labka iyo dheddiga giisa waa HLA-kulan ah. nidaamyada HLA-incompatibility isqaba keenaysaa in gestosis inta ay uurka leedahay, cilladaha lagu dhasho, ilmo lama filaan ah iyo dhalmo la'aan haweenka dhabta ah.

HLA-habka wax kale ma ahayn cudur histocompatibility ah, kaas oo masuul ka ah aqoonsiga ee jirka aadanaha iyo unugyada u gaar ah iyo unugyada shisheeye yihiin.

In kiiska halkaas oo xad gudub ku ah la ogaado ka kooban antigenic unugyada aadanaha, farsamo la kiciyay oo ay u halligmaan difaaca (jawaab difaaca). Si cudur shisheeye soo saaray antibodies u dhiganta, taas oo meesha laga saaro unugyada "khilaafka".

Qaar ka mid ah isku darka hiddo HLA-sireed koromosoom lixaad

Mid kasta oo ka hiddo u leeyahay isu-gaynta kala duwan (alleles).

HLA-makiinada waxaa loo sameeyaa si loo ogaado habka histocompatibility ah. Waa aqoonsi ee alleles (kala duwanaanshuhu) iyo waa natiijada makiinada.

All cudur loo qaybin karaa laba fasalada ugu weyn. marka hore wuxuu ka kooban yahay cudur dusha unugyada ah, labaad - cudur jooga dushiisa gacanta in ka qayb reactions difaaca (halkan waa: B- iyo T-limfosaytis, macrophages, monocytes, unugyada dendritic).

HLA-makiinada lagu sameeyaa maragga haweenka on. ka mid ah:

- dhicin,

- dhalmo la'aan iyo xaalado kale oo bahal la xiriira taranka oo yaraada.

Sida caadiga ah, in cunuga uu helo labada hiddo hooyada iyo aabbaha si loo ogaado Halabuurka ee antibodies iyaga u gaar ah.

Bahal waa sida Meelaan af badan (farqiga) antibodies, oo la mid ah hadal ay. Xaaladda hore, jidhka hooyada bilaabo si ay ula dagaalamaan unugyada ilmaha caloosha ku shisheeye, halka kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa - jidhka dumarka ma Oga uurka laftiisa.

HLA-makiinada waalidiinta lagu qabtay by fasalka labaad ee cudur (difaaca ayaa mas'uul ka ah hawl). Si aad u qabtaan this khalkhalgelinta ogaanshaha loo baahan yahay in la sameeyo teed dhiig ka xididka bukaanka. Ka dibna waxa la sameeyay qoondaynta of leukocytes serum. HLA-teeb isticmaalaya unugyada dhiiga cad ee wax soo saarka ee uu cadaanyo silsilad polymerase ah.

Haddii ay sidaa tahay, marka ay jirto isku mid ah u dhexeeya phenotypes (on of HLA), tallaalka hooyada leukocytes shancosbitaal therapy ninku (wiilka aabbihiis ayaa ah) lagu qabtay. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, immunotherapy waxaa lagu fuliyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo immunoglobulin ah. farsamooyinka Dhammaan waxay ka dhigi suurto gal si aad u bilowdo ku nidaamka difaaca jirka ee hooyada iyo kicin ay ku shaqaynayaan si sax ah.

Sidaas darteed, maanta HLA-teeb waa la fuliyay in ay dhacdo of tilmaamaya in xad gudub in unugyo iyo ilmaha histocompatibility hooyadiis. Isticmaalka habkan ogaanshaha ayaa loo ogol yahay ma aha oo kaliya si loo ogaado sababta dhicinta iyo dhalmo la'aan, laakiin si ay u horumariyaan iyo hirgelinta kala duwan oo dhan hababka daaweynta iyo farsamooyin lagu daweeyo guul oo ka mid ah xaaladaha bahal ah.