Madaxweynayaasha cusub ee Poland

Boostada madaxwaynaha ee Poland ayaa 1922-dii ka soo muuqday, ka dib markii dalku yeeshay xorriyadda ka dib markii heshiiskii Brest ee 1918-kii. Dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka iyo abuuritaanka nidaamkii isbahaysiga ayaa burburiyey Jamhuuriyadda. Later, ilaa 1990, post post Madaxweynaha Poland ayaa ka mid ahaa siyaasiyiin kuwaas oo ku jiray dibedda. Markii nidaamka faragelinta ee NDP uu dhacay, hay'adaha dawladda ayaa dib loo soo celiyay. Madaxweynayaasha Poland ayaa mar kale bilaabay in la doorto, kaas oo la qabtay maanta.

Qabashada dimoqraadiyada Poland

Madaxweynihii casriga ahaa ee ugu horeeyay ee Poland wuxuu ahaa Lech Walesa. Sida ku xusan xeerka xisbiga, wuxuu ka shaqeynayay markabkii Gdansk. Isla goobta, siyaasi mustaqbalka ah wuxuu abuuray urur shaqaale oo difaacay danaha shaqaalaha shirkadda. Dhaqdhaqaaqa waxaa loo yaqaan "Kalsooni".

Xukuumadda Communist ayaan jeclayn hawshaan. Markii dhibaatada dhaqaale ay bilowday horraantii 80s, shaqaale badan oo aan ku qanacsanayn waxay noqdeen kuwa taageersan Kalsooni. General Voytseh Yaruzelsky soo rogay Poland, xaalad degdeg ah oo mamnuucday ururka.

Waxaa si kooban loo xiray mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyeyaasha dhaqdhaqaaqan. Xaaladda dalka ayaa isbedeshay markii bilowgii perestroika ee Midowga Soofiyeeti. Sannadkii 1988, shaqaalaha Polishka ayaa soo xaadiray shaqo joojin. Sababtoo ah Communistku waxa ay dadwaynuhu ku heshiiyeen. Doorashooyinkii ugu horreeyay ee xorta ah ee golaha guurtida ayaa la qabtey, halkaas oo Solidarity ay heshay dhammaan kuraasta. Ugu dambeyntii, sannadkii 1990-kii, mucaaradka ayaa laga saaray awoodda. Hay'adaha dowliga ah ee Dimoqraadiga ayaa bilaabay in la sameeyo, kuwaas oo ka jira dalka maanta.

Lech Walesa

Isla markaasna Valensa ayaa go'aansaday in ay ka qaybqaataan doorashooyinka madaxweynaha. Wuxuu aad u jecel yahay dalkiisii hooyo isagoo ah dagaal dagaal u ah xuquuqda aadanaha. Hawlgalladiisa waxaa lagu qiimeeyay beesha caalamka. Sanadkii 1983, Walesa waxay ku guuleysatay abaalmarinta Nobel Peace Prize.

Natiijo ahaan, wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashooyinka. Madaxweynihii hore ee Poland wuxuu ahaa shaqadiisa ilaa 1995, markii uu ku guuldareystay Alexander Kwasniewski intii lagu jiray doorashooyinkii soo socda wareega labaad.

Alexander Kwasniewski

Madaxweynayaasha casriga ah ee reer Poland kama qabsan karay jagadooda muddo ka badan hal xilli. Kaliya marka laga reebo sharcigan waa Alexander Kwasniewski. Wuxuu dalka u hoggaamiyay 1995 ilaa 2005. Sida uu qabo sharciga xisbiga, wuxuu u shaqeeyay guddoomiyihii Guddiga Olimbikada Booliska muddo ah. Kwasniewski horaantii 90ka waxaa loo doortay wakiil ka mid ah Seimas, halkaas oo uu noqday siyaasi caan ah oo caan ah.

Kwasniewski wuxuu ahaa abaabulaha wadajirka ah ee ku biiritaanka waddanka ee Midowga Yurub iyo NATO. Waxay ahayd shariikadda siyaasadeed ee shisheeye ee u saamaxday inuu ku soo noqdo xilli labaad. Is-dhexgelinta dhaqaalaha Yurub wuxuu u ogolaanayaa Poland in ay sameyso waddo horumarineed.

Lech Kaczynski

Kaczynski, sida Walesa, ayaa loo yaqaano waxqabadyada uu ka dhexjiray ururka shaqaalaha ee "Solidarity union". Leh wuxuu ahaa garyaqaan ka caawiyay mid ka mid ah guddiyada shaqo joojinta ee Gdansk. Later waxa la xiray xafiisyada dawladda.

Markii Poland ay noqotey dimuquraad, Kaczynski wuxuu bilaabay xirfad siyaasadeed oo firfircoon. Wuxuu ahaa Wasiirka Cadaaladda iyo sidoo kale duqa magaalada caasimadda ah ee Warsaw. Siyaasiyiin wada jir ah iyo walaalkeed yar yar Yaroslav wuxuu abuuray xisbigii "Law and Justice".

In 2005, Leh Kachinsky ku guuleystay doorashada madaxweynaha. Waxa uu taageero ka helay qaybta muxaafidka ah ee bulshada. Madaxwaynaha lumay ee Poland ayaa loo aqoonsaday dunida oo dhan waayo qaddarkiisa naxdinta leh. Sanadkii 2010, wuxuu u duulay Ruushka diyaarad, halkaas oo dhacdooyinka loogu tala galay xasuuqii Katyn lagu qaaday. Waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah cutubyada ugu ceebta taariikhda of USSR. Habeeynimadii of War Great Patriotic, NKVD ku toogtay askari oo badan oo ciidanka reer Poland. Madaxda Sucuudiga ayaa beeniyay xaqiiqda dembigaan, laakiin intii lagu jiray qodobbada, xogta dhabta ah ee ku saabsan rabshaduhu way ka baxday.

Madaxweynayaasha Poland waxay sameeyeen wax badan si ay uga hortagaan musiibadaas in la illoobo labada Poland iyo Ruushka. Lech Kaczynski wuxuu u tegey Smolensk si uu u booqdo Katyn Memorial. Wafti ballaadhan oo ka socda diyaaradaha ayaa ka mid ahaa dhammaan siyaasadda iyo milatariga dalka. Tu-154 ayaa ku burburtay wax yar ka hor intaan la dhicin sababtoo ah aragti xumo.

Bronislaw Komorowski

Ka dib dhimashadii Kaczynski, Bronislaw Komarovsky ayaa loo doortay booska banaan. Madaxwaynaha Poland ayaa doorashadii 2010-kii u doortay isagoo ka wakiil ah xisbiga "Civil Platform" oo ka soo horjeeda siyaasaddii hore ee dalka.

Komorowski inta lagu guda jiro sanadaha awoodda musuqmaasuqa waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay inuu yahay muwaadin firfircoon oo ka soo horjeeda xukunka. Waxa uu daabacday xilligaan dhulka hoostiisa, kaas oo caan ku ahaa akhristayaasha. Shaqadiisii, Komarovsky wuxuu ku qaatay bil gudaheed. Taas ka dib, wuxuu noqday macallin iyo sanado badan, ilaa laga aasaasay dimuqraadiyadda, wuxuu ka shaqeeyay seminaaro yar.

Bilowgii sanadka shilalka Bronislaw Komarowski wuxuu ahaa wasiirka difaaca qaranka. Markii uu ka soo wareegay doorashadiisa madaxweyne, wuxuu sidoo kale ahaa mooshinka Sejm Polish. Kaczynski ka dib dhimashadii si kedis ah, waxay ahayd Komorowski oo qaatay booska ku meel gaadhka ah ee fulinta madaxweynaha.

Andrzej Duda

Andzhey Duda - Madaxweynaha simaha Poland ee. Wuxuu xilka qabtay August 6, 2015. 43-sano jir reer Krakow ah ayaa matalaya dhalinyaro cusub oo siyaasiyiin Polish ah. Waxa uu xubin ka yahay xisbiga "Sharciga iyo Cadaaladda", oo ay aasaasay walaalihii Kaczynski.

Madaxweynihii hore iyo kan mustaqbalka ee Poland Komorowski iyo Duda ayaa ku mashquulsanaa awooda illaa doorashooyinka ugu dambeeyay ee 2015-ka. Andrzej ayaa ka adkaaday kooxda ka soo horjeeda kaliya wareega labaad, iyagoo helay 51% codadka, halka kooxda ka soo horjeeda - 48%.