Konstantin Aksakov: Biography, hawlaha iyo xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

Sannadkan waxaa la xusayaa 200 sano tan iyo dhalashada ka taagan Ruush Faylasuuf, riwaayadaha, Abwaan iyo nin afaf ka barto. Konstantin Aksakov noolaa sano oo kaliya 43.

Waxa uu ahaa shakhsi caan ah in dhaqdhaqaaqa Slavophiles Ruush bilaabo - bartamihii qarnigii XIX. views uu entailing bixinta xuquuqda bulshada reer miyiga ah, waxay ahaayeen horumar ah ee ay waqti, serfdom baynamutaan. From uu awoowe, General Suvorov, Konstantin dhaxlay dabeecadda qofka, wadaninimada iyo xayi ah.

Childhood, qaan-

Rhode Aksakovs ka Varangian soo degay, waxay u adeegeen amiirradii Kiev. Xataa ee Russia pre-Markos ayaa waxaa ku jiray kuwii gobta ahaa, "dadka madax bannaan." 29.03.1817 tuulada of Aksakovo, Gobolka Orenburg ku dhashay Konstantin Aksakov. Biography ee caruurnimadiisii waxa uu la xidhiidhaa estate aabbihiis, Sergei Kalashnikov, qoraa iyo naqdiya suugaanta. From qalinka waalidka yimid sheeko "magaalada ee snuffbox" cajiib ah, "The Scarlet Flower". Constantine yaraa walaalkiis Yooxanaa, iyo walaashiis Diinta, waxay ahaayeen saaxiibo leh kasta oo kale.

qoyska Aksakov guriga hogaansamey dhaqanka Ruush jir. Constantine ahaa soo bixiyey in ruux ka mid ah hoteelada iyo nolosha guud. In 1826 m Aksakovs dhaqaaqay Moscow.

studentship

Konstantin Aksakov helay uuna waxbarashadiisa dugsiga sare ee guriga hoyga a Pogodin. Xitaa isagoo da 'yar ayuu tusay harraad aqoon iyo tayo suugaanta. Ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa ku salaysan, nin aan waaqici iyo nemerkantilnyh. Shan iyo toban ayuu soo galay waaxda afka of University Moscow, at Professor Waaxda Pobedonostsev, Nadezhdin.

Inta lagu guda jiro sano ee uu ardayga, qoraaga mustaqbalka la Vissarion Belinsky, Ivan Turgenev, Vasiliem Bakuninym, Vasiliem Botkinym ka qeyb qaatay goobada falsafada Jarmal ah qoraa Stankevich ah, ka dibna - bulsho Slavophiles Samarin, Khomyakov. Jawiga kamida shirarka Ivan Turgenev soo bandhigay sheeko ah "Rudin". Dadka dhallinyarada ah sickened khasnadda jawi dacayadeed-wadaninimo, iyagoo eegaya in falsafadda ah iyo daacadnimo. Wuuna ka college, iyo ilaa maalmaha ugu dambeeya Aksakov loo yaqaan "Slavophile iyo Hegelian ah."

ra'yigaa Master ee Stanislavski ahaa daraasad on site University ee suugaanta Ruush. Guddiga Faafreebka muddo dheer ayay ma aqbali, ardayda qasbo inuu isbedel ku sameeyo. Laga soo bilaabo da 'yar naqdiya laylis bilaabay dhibaato ku faaf-ka rasmiga ah. Raadinta maanka gorfaynta Aksakov aad u mahadnaqayo, uu bixiyey mustaqbalkiisa waxbarasho ee Kiev. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inuu ka tago Moscow ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa oo aan ku socday.

Suugaanta

Aksakov Konstantin gabayo ugu horeysay waxaa la daabacay ee "Notes of Fatherland ah", "xoqad", "Moscow observer". Poetry Aksakova kaymo hadafyada Romantic jireenka Goethe, waxaa jeelahay saffarro ay fudaydkii iyo dhawaaqa ay sabab u tahay kala duwan ka od derzhavopoklonnyh.

akhristayaasha uu images xusuus dabiiciga Ruush, mawduucyada falsafada, muujinta dareenka aadanaha.

Ka dib markii nus qarnigii gabayaaga Fet iyo Tyutchev sii gabayada theme naturalistic, oo aasaaska Konstantin Aksakov dhigay. gabayada uu - "Creek," "Elegy", "Duma", "Biriqleh", "Winter waxaa soo socda" - mar Quraanku falna sanyahay fudud. Abwaan waa ay awoodaan in ay maskaxda wax ka qoraan dalkii hooyo, iyo jacaylka. In gabayo uu jiro soo jiidashada ah hoy beerlo dhafan ee dabiiciga Ruush. Daacad ah oo fudud uu gabay "A.V.G.", "buka ee wadnaha".

Later P. I. Chaykovsky qoray music ah mid ka mid ah gabayo beddeshay. Natiijada waxa ay aheyd mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu caansan ee songs qarnigii XIX carruurta.

tiraab Aksakov

Tixaha iyo sheekooyin gaagaaban oo Konstantin Aksakov qoran ruuxa nasjonalromantiske iyo tayo la dafiri karin. Ka shaqaynta iyaga on, Slavophil in falsafada u soo jeestay, in gabayada. Tusaale ahaan, in sheekada "Hyles" ayuu abuuray rinjiyeynta Qiyaame Dambe on ninka dhintay aad istaahila, ma nin sakhraansan, laakiin baashaalayay ah.

Interesting ay sheeko rimidda farshaxanka "Cloud". In u, in aan marka hore bartaan wiilka soulful iyo dreamy Lothar Gryunenfeldom waqtigii hadalqaaday dabiiciga ah qabashada. Ka dibna wuxuu u muuqda in uu akhristaha nin dhallinyaro ah, ma aha sidaas aan dembi lahayn. Lothar illoobay sidii ay u wanaagsan ee dadka kale u arkaan, warheynta ayaa saamaysay isgartay. Laakiin marka uu nolosha la kulmay gabar, ku dhacay jacayl la, oo dhan maqaar saar sidii maydhay Xusuus carruurnimada dhalaalaya oo nooca loo waxyooday samada sare cad daruuraha.

Riwaayado qoraal

In 40eeyaha ku, Konstantin Aksakov ayaa abuuray shuqullo badan tiyaatarka. shuqullo yaab ah Stanislavski hoos magac maldahan u Evripidin, oo ay ku jiraan "Prince Lupovitsky", "Liberation of Moscow", "tababaraha mail" qoray.

In riwaayadaha ee "The Liberation of Moscow" Konstantin Sergeyevich muujisay doorka ugu weyn ka mid ah dadka ku nool xoraynta magaalada ka duulay Polish. lanooga Tani mamnuucay isla markiiba ka dib Ciyaar ka dhacday Tiyaatarka Maly ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, riwaayadaha ka Aksakov ahaa xumo, riwaayadaha ahaayeen duwan kuteen, fikirkooda ku reeyey artistry. iyagu ma ay ahaayeen gaar ah oo caan ah oo leh dadweynaha.

dhaleeceyn suugaanta

Field dhaleeceyn suugaanta ayaa ka guulo dheeraad ah Aksakov. Stanislavski qoray in kiciyey saffarro uu - dadka Ruush bartay. Waxa uu daabacay buug yar oo ku saabsan gabay by N. V. Gogolya "Naftooda dhintay", halkaas oo uu shaqo ah Tacaddi qoray, muujiyay of image ee kireeya ay psycho Nozdryov, Manilow, Sobakevich. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa ugu muhiimsan in maansadu Nikolaya Vasilevicha Aksakov ayaa aaminsan in "qof Ruush", "ruuxa iyo image ee, meel weyn ka xoog badan." Waxa uu sidoo kale carrabaabay awood faneed cajiib ah oo image sarbeebta ah ee songs Ruush Gogol ee weligeed ah, taas oo incessantly, had iyo jeer waa umado badan awood aad u weyn, aad u maqli karo hal meel ama kan kale.

Aksakov "Moskovityanin" magazine disputiroval la Vissarion Belinsky ee alaabta la mid ah Nikolai. Dhigiisa dareemay tabar shaqeeya "Gogol isku dayaysa in ay soo bandhigaan nin nebi ah oo heer qaran ah," iyo lyricism ee gabay u yeedhay habboonayn. Stanislavski kuwaas oo caan fikrad ayaa wax ugu horrayn waxa weeyi had iyo jeer ahaa ma sii yaabaa aamuseen xaaladda this.

Waayo, soddon sannadood, Konstantin Aksakov daabacay qaar ka mid ah articles kale ee suugaanta ee "ururinta Moscow".

saxaafadda taariikhiga ah

In 1847-1852 GG. ka qalin baxay in dib u eegis ah oo iftiin on the "History of Russia" Professor S. M. Soloveva. Waxay dareemayaan aragti ka walaacsanyihiin in qaddar ee hooyo sida xusuusta ah oo ku nool, Rasuulkii Qarniyadii hore, macallinka nolosha. Khuraafaadka Aksakov si qoto dheer uga hadashay "History" in ay soo bartay dugsiyada dadweynaha waqti isku mid ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii articles ay geesiga sheekada dadka la Professor Soloviev, qaab gabay, waxa uu leeyahay du Palais in saaxiibtinimo isaga at:

Ideologist of slavophiles dhaqdhaqaaqa

Moscow House Aksakov dhamaadka 40eeyaha la yaqaan salon a suugaaneed, kaas oo la booqday by Turgenev, Gogol iyo Pogodin, Belinsky, Zagoskin.

At 38 sano jir Aksakov Konstantin Sergeevich qoray qorkiisa shaqeeyaan "Xusuusaha ardayda", iyo "On xaaladda gudaha ee Russia." Hawlahaas, naqdiya soo bandhigay aragtida nidaamka bulshada iyo siyaasadda ee hooyo ee. Waxa uu rumeysan yahay in bulshada ee aasaasiga ah ee bulshada Russia waa bulshada ridayeen a. Slavophile madal siyaasadeed oo ku salaysan fikirka ah "dhulka" iyo "dawladda" oo la taaban Jidka gaar ah taariikhiga ah ee Russia.

Aksakov arkay iska soo horjeeda u dhaxeeya gobolka ee awoodda boqornimo iyo gobolka (dadweynaha) iyo bilowgii. Konstantin Aksakov awood Imperial go'aamiyo shaqada oo kaliya "badbaadada nolosha dadka" iyo ilaalinta. Sida laga soo xigtay Konstantin Sergeyevich, loogau lagama maarmaanka ah ee bulshada Ruush waa in ay xaq u madax bannaan dadkuna waxay ahaayeen: jaraa'id, hadalka iyo ra'yiga. Oo iyagu iima ay la yarayn karaa ama nidaam gobolka.

"Sheekadu waxay tageen xagga jidka qaldan"

In aragtida Slavophiles ee taariikhda Russia ayaa muujiyay in ay opinion ku saabsan qeybtii naxdinta Emperor Peter aan, kiimikaysan gobolka sarraysiin ee bulshada. Waa in this aan dabiici ahayn sanam xaaladda awood Aksakov Konstantin arkay belaayooyin bulshada Ruush, laaluushka, serfdom, suganyihiin.

Aksakov sheegay views uu warqad uu u diray Alexander II, ka dib soo saaray amar ku baabiiyo of serfdom, oo waxay kasbatay epithet ee "Liberator The."

Naqdiga dimuqraadiyadda reer galbeedka

Works by Konstantin Aksakov, gaar ahaan, maqaalka "The Voice of Moscow" ee 1848, diidi qiimaha waayo-aragnimo ah ee Kacaanka ee Yurub Russia. Waxa uu dhaleeceeyay waayo-aragnimo ah ee dimuquraadiyadda Western ee "deification dowladda", siyaasadda la-dhaafka ah ee nolosha dadweynaha. Root waa danta bulshada Ruush, sida ay Aksakov, berrinka dhex yaal of ruuxiga ah iyo diinta.

Kale ee uu shaqada - "On aragtida Ruush" - dhigeysa rikoor toosan aan soo saaro "qaran -. Bini'aadamnimada" Publicist daliil u xaq u leeyahay inuu xukunka dhaqanka iyo bulshada ee dadka Ruush, kuwaas oo xaq u leedahay in aad nuqulka dimuqraadiyadda reer galbeedka. Waxaa cajiib ah in falsafo iyo qoraa, ku dhaqanka, codsatay fikraddiisa pro-Ruush. Isagu waa qof deggan caasimadda, oo wuxuu lahaa oo gadhka ah, dhar wuxuu ahaa shuluggii iyo yarmulke (hat ridayeen qaboobaha).

sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa

Waxaa u muuqan lahaa in nolosha waa wanaagsan yahay. Authority ee sayniska, wareegyada siyaasada iyo qorayaasha riyaaqay Aksakov Konstantin Sergeevich. Uu Biography muujinaysaa kala duwan ee dadka isku aragtida. Golaha Aksakov weli waa moodada Moscow salon suugaanta. Waxaa entrée Leo Tolstoy, Taras Shevchenko, Ivan Turgenev ...

Waxaa wada baabbi'iyaa, wax kasta oo maalin keliya. In 1859, aabbihiis ku dhintay Aksakov Sergei Timofeevich. Wiilka Khasaare waxaa aad u adag tahay, in la dareen ahaan ku lifaaqan waalidka. Iyadoo dabiiciga ah ee caafimaad fiican, waa ay fududahay on indhaha noqon khafiif ah, mid daciif ah oo la buka cudurka qaaxada. sanad iyo badh dhimashada Pope Aksakov Konstantin Sergeevich ka dib ka dib markii uu dhintay halka daaweynta jasiiradda Mediterranean ee Zant.

Oo waxaa lagu aasay qubuuraha keniisad Simonov u dhow qabrigii aabbihiis. In XX Aksakovs qarnigii reburied in qubuuraha Novodevichy.

gunaanad

Dhaadhacsan Slavophile sameeyey taariikhda Konstantin Aksakov. Biography (kooban in our dood, laakiin sidaas oo hodan ku ah xaqiiqada), waxa ku jira macluumaad ku saabsan eccentricities badan. Wuxuu diiday in uu naftiisa xagga galbeed, halka xidhashada dharka soo ridayeen a, taas oo qarnigii XIX durba waa out of isticmaalka. Friends dhigay madadaalo isaga, laakiin ay garanayn, waayo Stanislavski ayaa aad muhiim u ah. doodaha iyo aragtiyada uu is khilaafeen anshaxa la wadaago. Waxa uu ku dooday in nolosha dadweynaha reer Russia laabto baabbi'iyey xoog Imperial qiimaha moral qudhunla'aan.

Xaaladdan oo kale, ka falsafo iyo qoraa ahaa nelitsemeren, mabda'a iyo daacad ah. Hegelian iyo Slavophile Aksakov garan waayeen mid ka mid ah fikirka Imperial iyo pro-Western. Dadka, iyo xataa soo horjeeda, uu ixtiraamo iyo mahad. Wuxuu ma, sida LVU Tolstomu, Nikolayu Gogolyu, Ivan Turgenev, shuqullada epochal, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu ahaa aamin ah oo saaxiib la isku halayn karo oo dhan oo iyaga ka mid. Konstantin Aksakov dareen iyo si qoto dheer u fahmaan habka suugaanta, wuxuu ahaa aqoonyahan caan ah, nin afaf ka barto, mid ka mid ah khubarada ugu caansan oo duurka ku ah taariikhda Ruush.