Jebi, jeedisaa weerarka Leningrad ee January 1943: xaqiiqooyinka taariikheed

Waayo xad ah amarka Wehrmacht ee magaalada on River Neva ahaa ah muhiimadda military-istiraatiiji ah oo muhiim ah ma aha oo kaliya. Waxa intaa dheer in qabsaday xeebaha oo dhan oo ka mid ah Gulf of Finland iyo burburinta Fleet Baltic ayaa sidoo kale waxay eryadeen ujeedooyin dacaayad xeel dheer. dayrta ee u ishaartay xaggiisa Revolution ka dhigay lahaa dhaawac moral hagaajin karin in dadka Soviet oo dhan iyo si weyn u wiiqi lahaa niyadda oo ka mid ah ciidamada qalabka sida. At amarka Army Red ahaa mid lagu beddelan karo, in ay ka baxaan oo ay is dhiibaan oo magaalada dibaddeeda ah dagaal. Xaaladdan oo kale, qaddar ee deggan noqon lahaa xataa more naxdin leh. Hitler loogu talagalay si ay u tirtiri magaalada off map-ka in dareenka suugaan erayga.

Leningrad waxaa gebi ahaanba ku hareereysan ciidamo Jarmal iyo Finnish September 8, 1941. The Go'doonsan of Leningrad socday 872 maalmood. Waxa intaa dheer in cutub military oo ka mid ah ciidanka iyo badda ee lagu hareereeyo soo baxay in ka badan saddex milyan oo qof - oo qaxooti ka Leningrad iyo dalalka Baltiga iyo gobollada la deriska ah. Leningrad inta lagu guda jiro xanibaadda ayaa laga badiyay ka badan 600 oo kun. Tirada dadka rayidka ah, kuwaas oo boqolkiiba saddex keli ah ayaa lagu dilay by qaraxii iyo duqeyn, iyo inta kale ee u dhintay gaajo iyo cudur. Waxaa lagu daad gureeyay in ka badan nus milyan oo qof.

Isku dayaysa in ay jebiyaan xanibaadda ee 1942

Xitaa maalmaha muqdiga dagaalka isku dayay in ay jabiyaan Buuloburde ayaa ka. Bishii Janaayo 1942 ciidankii Soviet weerar in ay ku xidhmaan magaalada la 'waynaha' xidhmey 'u dhow tuulada of Lubz. isku day The soo socda waxaa loo sameeyey in August - October, jihada ka mid ah tuulada iyo saldhigga Siniavino Raxanreeb Online. Howlgalkaan in ay jebiyaan oo la hareereeyo of Leningrad ayaan lagu guuleeysan. Inkasta oo weerar Sinyavinskaya oo ku fashilmay, laakiin bilawday dagaalka ayaa waxaa curyaamiyey by joogto ah Wehrmacht ayaa qorshaynaysa in ay ku qabsadaan magaalada.

shuruudaha istiraatiiji ah

Guuldaradan ayaa ciidamada Nazi ee River Volga ka qoto dheer bedelay dheelitirka ee ciidamada istiraatiiji ah ay guushu ku ciidankii Soviet. Under xaaladahan, Taliska Sare uuraysatay si ay u fuliyaan howlgalka on caasimada deprotected waqooyiga. hawlaha Hawleed ku lug leh ciidamada oo ka mid ah jabhada Leningrad, Volkhov, Baltic Fleet iyo Cutubyo Ladoga helay magaca code '' Iskra ''. Oo taageera hawlaheeda weerar dhulka lahaa duulista long-range. Dhaafka ka Go'doominta Leningrad, in kastoo qayb ahaan, waxaa suurto by a yihiin Taangiyo weyn ee amarka Jarmal. Hitler dhayalsan muhiimadda ay leedahay heerka of raasamaal ee kaydka. Ka dib markii dagaal kulul deegaanka Moscow iyo koonfurta dalka ka soo Group Ciidanka 'North' ', labo ayaa noqday kooxihii gaashaaman iyo qayb weyn oo ka mid ah unugyada lugta si ay qayb ahaan mowjadda khasaaraha ka mid ah kooxda dhexe. By bilowgii 1943 ee Leningrad ee soo duulay ma ahaa unugyada matoorada waaweyn si ay uga hortagaan weerar suurto galka ah ee Army Soofiyeeti.

qorshaynaysa Tartannada

Operation "Iskra" lagu uuraysan dayrta ee 1942. Dabayaaqadii November, xarunta oo ka mid ah Xarunta Front Leningrad soo jeediyay si ay u diyaariyaan weerar cusub iyo horumar degdeg ah ee giraanta cadowga laba jiho: Shlisselburgsky iyo Uritskom. Taliska Sare ee uu go'aansaday in uu diirada saarnaa mid, soonka, meel u dhow-Siniavino Shlisselburg.

22 November Command soo bandhigay qorshe hawleed counter ciidamada xoog oo ka mid ah jabhada Leningrad iyo Volkhov. Hawlgalka ayaa lagu ansixiyay, diyaarinta waxaa la siiyey in ka yar bil. Waxaa aad muhiim u ahayd in ay fuliso weerar qorshaysan ee xilliga qaboobaha: swampland guga noqday mari karin. Sababtoo ah dhalaalid bilaabay dabayaaqadii December jebin go'doominta waxaa dib loo dhigay muddo toban maalmood ah. Magaca code hawlgalka waxaa keentay by Stalin. qarnigii bar ka hor, VI Ulyanov, abuurista print jirka xisbiga Bolshevik ah, loo yaqaan wargeyska "Iskra" iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in ololka dayn doonaa olol ah kacaanka. Stalin sidaas seefqaad ah isbarbardhig, haddii loo maleeyo in dhaqdhaqaaq ka hawl weerar doona a guusha istiraatiiji ah oo muhiim ah. maamulka guud waxaa la aaminay in Marshal K. E. Voroshilovu. Si loo maamulo hawlaha Front Volkhov loo diray in ay Marshal G. K. Zhukov.

Diyaarinta weerar

Inta lagu guda jiro December ciidamada culus dagaal loo diyaariyey. Dhamaan qeybaha ayaa ka shaqeeya shaqaalaha iyo qalabka si boqolkiiba boqol, kor u ururay ilaa 5 xabo oo rasaas unug kasta oo hub culus. Leningrad inta lagu guda jiro xanibaadda ahaa awoodaan in ay bixiyaan hore oo dhan qalabka lagama maarmaanka u ah ciidamada iyo hubka yar yar. Oo horjoogsadeen dharka soo jiidatay shirkado gaar ah oo keliya ma aha, laakiin sidoo kale muwaadiniinta lahaa makiinadaha harqaanka shakhsi isticmaalka. At gadaalka dambe ee sappers xoogoobeen buundooyinka hadda jira iyo kuwa cusub ee la dhisay. Si loo xaqiijiyo hab si Neva la dhisay ilaa 50 kilomitir oo ah waddooyinka.

fiiro gaar ah la siin jiray ilaa u diyaarinta dadka, oo waxay u baahan yihiin in la baro inuu la diriro ee xilliga qaboobaha kaynta iyo weeraraan meesha deyr leh, qalabaysan dhibcood xoog iyo pillboxes. In dhabarka dambe ee xarunta kasta ahaayeen geesoolayaashu diyaarin simulating shuruudaha sirqoollada weerar lagu eedeeyay. Waayo, injineernimada horumar degdeg ah qalcad ah kooxaha weerar gaar ah oo la abuuray. marinnada keeye la dhisay. All taliyayaasha ilaa taliyey oo ka mid ah shirkadaha ee loo dhan yahay ayaa lagu rakibay maps sawir la safeeyey iyo jaantus. Urursadaan la soo saaray si gaar ah habeenkii ama hawo xun. Waxqabadka sirdoonka hore-line. Waxaa la aasaasay si fiican meesha daafaca diirada cadowga. Waayo, saraakiisha ayaa dhisay kulan dagaalka. Wejiga final ahaa si ay u qabtaan layliyo live-dabka. Tallaabooyinka ah in la qarin faafinta war xumo, iyo sirta adag dhaleen midhaha. cadowga kaliya dhowr maalmood ogaa oo ku saabsan weerarka la qorsheeyay. Dheeraad ah oo kor loogu qaado dhinaca khatar ah ee Jarmalka ma waqti ay leeyihiin.

in lays ee ciidamada

Aasaasidda Front Leningrad sida qeyb ka mid ah 42-, 55 ka, 67aad Army difaaca ee magaalada haysteen dhinaca gudaha koonfur-bari ee giraanta on line ah Uritsk - Kolpino meelaha bangiga midig ee Neva ah, - Ladoga. 23-Army sameeyay hawlgallada daafaca on dhinaca woqooyi oo halkay ku Karelia ah. diyaarad military Force koobnaa Air Army 13aad. Go'doominta Breakthrough bixiyo taangiga 222, iyo 37 gaashaaman. Front amray by Lieutenant-General L. A. Govorov. unugyada lugta la taageero hawada 14-th Air Army. 217 taangiyada ayaa ku urursan meesha this. Volkhov Front by ciidan K. General A. Meretskov amray. jihada Hakadyada, kaydka iyo isticmaalka urursadaan, gaari Fadilmo shaqaale ee jeer afar iyo badh, madaafiic - toddoba jeer, taangiyada - toban jeer, diyaaradaha - laba jeer. qoryaha cufnaanta iyo madaafiic by Leningrad lacag 146 halbeeg 1 km hore. Sidoo kale madaafiic weerar hayo Baltic Fleet iyo Cutubyo Ladoga (88 qoryaha heerkiisa 100 illaa 406 mm) iyo diyaaradaha raxan diyaaradaha.

On Volkhovsky qoryaha jihada cufnaanta ka 101 si ay u 356 halbeeg kiiloomitir dhaxaysey. Tirada guud ee weerarka labada dhinac ay gaareen 303 kun oo askar iyo saraakiil. cadowga hareera magaalada lix iyo labaatan kooxihii Army 18aad ( 'North' Army Group) iyo dhismaha oo ka mid ah afar qaybood Finnish ee waqooyiga. Ciidamada Our sameeyey horumar degdeg ah a go'doominta, wuxuu lahaa si ay u weeraraan goobta si xoogan deyr Shlisselburgskaya-Sinyavinskaya, kaas oo uu difaacay by shan kala qaybsanaanta, waxa uu ku yaalaa toddoba boqol qoryaha iyo madaafiic. kooxaynta amarka Wehrmacht of General G. Lindemann.

Battle Shlisselburgsky qarka

Habeenkii 11 on January 12 diyaaradaha Volkhov Front iyo Air Army 13aad ee Front Leningrad la macaamilooday qarax weyn on a ujeeddooyinka pre-qeexay in meesha la qorsheeyay Hakadyada. January 12 at badh la soo dhaafay sagaal subaxdii bilaabay diyaarinta madaafiic ah. Duqeyn jagooyinka cadowga socday laba saacadood iyo toban daqiiqo. Waayo, intii nus saac ah ka hor inta gunships weerar ay weerareen ee difaaca deyr leh iyo batariyo madaafiicda ee Jarmalka. At 11:00 Army 67aad ka Neva iyo unit labaad ee lama filaan ah iyo ciidammadoodii siddeedaad Front Volkhov ah weerar. weerar lugta taageeray toogashada madaafiic si ay u sameeyaan si qoto dheer usheeda dhexe dab ah hal kilomitir ah. Ciidamada Wehrmacht xoog iska caabiyay, lugta Soviet ahaa mid gaabis ah oo aan sinnayn.

Intii lagu jiray labadii maalmood ee dagaalka, masaafada u dhaxaysa kooxaha horumarinta hoos laba kiiloomitir. maalmood oo kaliya lix dambe ee qaababka horumarinta Ciidanka Soviet ahaa awoodaan in ay ku xidhmaan degaanka ee degsiimooyinka shaqaalaha, tirada 1 iyo lambarka 5. January 18 Shlisselburg (Petrokrepost) meel magaalada ahayd la sii daayay oo ka bariyeelay cadowga, oo dhan ku xiga si ay xeebta aagga Lake Ladoga. width ee waddada dalkii ka dhigay on qaybaha kala duwan ee 8 ilaa 10 kilomitir. Maalinta jabiyay xanibaadda ee Leningrad lagu kalsoonaan karo link dalkii magaalada la 'dhulweynaha' 'way bogsatay. guuldareysteen United Group 2aad iyo ciidammadoodii 67aad isku dayeen in ay horumariyaan guusha weerar iyo ballaariyo bridgehead si koonfureed. Jarmalka ayaa u soo qaadeen kaydka ay. On 19 January, intii toban maalmood ah ee qaybaha khatar ah ee amarka Jarmal waxaa duuliyay shan kala qaybsanaanta iyo tiro badan oo madaafiic. Weerarka ka dhacay degaanka ku Siniavino ebbed. In si ay u sii xuduudda guulaystay, ciidamada tageen oo dhanka daafaca ah. Waxaa bilaabay dagaal ka qoday. taariikhda rasmiga ah ee howlgalka waa on 30 January.

Natiijada weerar

Sidaas darteed ka mid ah Ciidamada Soviet of Wehrmacht ka dib xagga ugu shishaysa ee Lake Ladoga riixay, laakiin magaalada wuxuu weli joogay aagga hore. horumar degdeg ah ee go'doominta intii uu howlgalku socday '' Iskra '' tusay maturity ee fikirka amarka sare military. Guuldaradan ayaa ciidamada cadowga on aagga deyr leh si fiican isku duba weerar wadajir ah ka baxsan oo ka baxsan waxa uu noqday tusaale farshaxanka qoyska dagaalka. Ciidamada qalabka sida ayaa helay waayo-aragnimo weyn oo howlgalo ka fuliyay weerar meel kaymaha ee xilliga qaboobaha. Ka gudbitaanka cadowga nidaamka difaaca oo israac raacsan muujiyeen baahida loo qabo qorshaynta fiican u qabashada dab madaafiicda, iyo sidoo kale dhaqdhaqaaqa hawl cutubyo ee dagaalka.

khasaaraha dhinacyada

Just sida lagu hoobtay ahaayeen dagaalka ka, sida ka muuqata tirokoobyada khasaaraha. 67aad iyo 13aad ee Leningrad Front Army ku lumayey dilay oo dhaawacay 41.2 kun. Dadka, oo ay ku jiraan khasaaraha irretrievable lacag 12.4 kun. Dadka. Volkhov Front badiyay 73,9 iyo 21.5 kun. Dadka siday u kala horreeyaan. toddoba kooxihii cadowga la Halaagay. khasaaraha Jarmal lacag dhan in ka badan 30 kun oo qof, deadweight -. 13 kun oo qof .. Intaa waxaa dheer, sida koob ciidanka Soviet helay in ku dhow afar qori iyo madaafiic, 178 qoryaha boobayaasha ah, 5,000 oo qori, tiro badan oo rasaas ah, oo isku ah boqol iyo konton baabuur. laba cusub taangiyada culus ayaa lagu qabtay by T-VI "Tiger".

guushii ugu weyneyd

Operation '' Iskra '' ay ku jabinayaan xanibaaddan gaari natiijooyinka la doonayo. Inta lagu jiro toddoba iyo toban maalmood ee wadada iyo tareenka dhererka line of saddex iyo soddon kilomitir ayaa la dhigay ay weheliyaan xeebta ee Lake Ladoga. February 7 tareenka ugu horeysay soo gaaray Leningrad. Waxaa la soo celiyey siin joogto ah oo ka mid ah magaalada oo ciidan, sahayda korontada ayaa kor u kacay. Dib u bilaabay qaybinta biyaha. Si weyn loo hagaajiyey xaaladda dadka rayidka ah, ganacsiga warshadaha, iyo xidhiidhada hore ee Fleet bari. In ka socda bilood ee sannadka ka Leningrad ayaa laga daadgureeyay in meelaha gadaal ka badan sideed boqol oo kun oo qof oo rayid ah.

xoraynta Leningrad ka xanibaadda in January 1943 uu ahaa daqiiqad muhiimka ah ee difaaca ee magaalada. Ciidamada Soviet aagga this ugu dambeyntii qabtay hindisaha istiraatiiji ah. Waxaa la ciribtiray xarunta khatar Jarmal iyo ciidamada Finnish. January 18 - maalinta jabiyay xanibaadda ee Leningrad - magaalada dhameystirtay waqti adag oo go'doon. dhammaystirka wacan ee hawlgalka waxay ahayd mid ahmiyad weyn fikirka dadka dalka. Ma aha dagaal baaxad weyn oo ka mid ah dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka ee ay soo jiidatay of madaxda siyaasadda ee badda. Madaxweynaha Mareykanka Theodore Roosevelt hambalyeeyay hoggaanka Soviet guul military, iyo dadka deggan magaalada waraaq, taas oo uu qiray in weynaanta feat ah, ay dulqaad, Cameroon iyo geesinimada diray.

jabiyay xanibaadda ee Leningrad Museum

Inta line iska hor imaad ah ka taagay raadkeeda sida xasuusta dhacdooyinka naxdinta iyo geesinimada ah ee sannadahaas. In 1985 ee degmada Kirov ee gobolka u dhow tuulada Marino la furay diorama '' jebi ku Go'doonsan of Leningrad '. Waa meeshan January 12, 1943 unugyada ciidanka 67aad gudbay Neva ku saabsan barafka iyo iyada oo difaaca cadowga kala jejebiyey. Diorama 'Leningrad Go'doominta Breakthrough' ' ka dhigan rinjiyeynta a on size ee 40 8 mitir. On shiraac ah u muujinaysa kuwo dhacdooyinkii weerar on difaaca Jarmal. Ka hor maro qorshaha dhabta ah, la moolkeeda laga bilaabo 4 illaa 8 mitir, recreates a images saddex geesood ah oo ka mid ah jagooyinka deyr leh, boholo isgaarsiinta, qalab military.

Halabuurka Midnimada shiraac sawiro ah iyo design hareereeya abuuraa joogitaanka saamayn wayn. On bangiga ee Neva waa taallo in ay '' jebin go'doominta '. Monument waa taangi T-34, dhajinta on haysa. Dagaal gaari gobays sida in ay ku xidhmaan Front Volkhov ah. On goobta furan hore ee matxafka ayaa sidoo kale soo bandhigay qalab lagu jiro dagaalka.

qaadista kama dambaysta ah ee go'doominta of Leningrad. 1944

saarista oo dhamaystiran hareeraynta magaalada waxay ahayd oo kaliya sannad ka dib iyadoo ay sabab u baaxad weyn oo Leningrad-Novgorod Offensive. Ciidamada of Volkhov ah, ee jabhada Baltic iyo Leningrad adkaaday ciidamada ugu weyn ee ciidamada 18aad ee Wehrmacht ah. January 27 ahayd maalintii rasmiga ah ee ay ka saareen ku dhawaad 900-maalin hareereeyo. 1943rd A waxaa laga soo qoray taariikheeya ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida sida sano ee horumar degdeg ah ee go'doominta of Leningrad.