Iska caabin ah ayaa gudaha ee korontada ku. Resistance - caanaha

hadda korontada ee kaari ku dhacdaa sarkhaansan yihiin koronto sababaha beerta eedeeyay qayb ka socda dabacsan dhinaca safarka. Abuuritaanka walxaha hadda ah - dhibaato halis ah. In la dhiso qalab in quudin doonaa faraqa u dhexeeya ku guuleysan kara duurka ku yaal isla gobolka muddo dheer - hawl in cadaato xoogga aadanaha ilaa dhammaadkii qarnigii XVIII ka.

The isku day ugu horeysay

The isku day first to "badbaadiyo korontada" si uu u sii uu cilmi-baarista iyo isticmaalka loo sameeyey ee Nederland. Jarmal Ewald Jurgen von Kleist iyo Holland Pieter van Musschenbroek kii ay sameeyeen ay cilmi-baarista ee magaalada Leiden, abuuray capacitor ugu horeysay adduunka ee, ka dib loo yaqaan "Leyden weel".

Raasamaal la'aan korontada, hore ayaa lagu qabtay by khilaaf farsamo. Isticmaal dheecaan dhex kaari ku kari waayo gaar ah, si cadaalad ah oo gaaban, bareeg time.

Guushaan ayaa ka mid ah sirdoonka aadanaha on walax raaxaystaan sida, sida korontada, wuxuu ahaa kacaan.

Nasiib darro, dheecaanku (korontada hadda capacitor soo saaray) socotay si gaaban in la abuuro hadda si toos kari waayay. Intaa waxaa dheer, danab ku siiyo by capacitor ah si tartiib tartiib ah hoos u, taas oo ka dhigeysa in fursad u lahayn in ay helaan hadda joogto.

Waxaan lahaa si loo helo hab kale.

Isha ugu horeysay

tijaabo Galvani Talyaani on daraasadda of "korontada xayawaan" wuxuu ahaa isku day lagu asalka ah si aad u hesho ilo dabiiciga ah ee awoodda ee dabiiciga ah. Laalaadeen lugaha rihii diyaar on shabaggeedii bir iyo qabsatooyinkoodiiba, biraha, intuu in jawaabta caan ku dhammaato dareemaha dareenka.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, gunaanad ah Galvani beeniyay kale Talyaani - Alessandro kooxda Fluminense bisha. Xiiso by suurtagalnimada ee guud ahaan korontada ka noolaha xayawaanka, waxaa sameeyay taxane ah oo tijaabo rahyo. Laakiin gabagabada ahaa horjeeda dhamaystiran oo uu mala hore.

Volts waxaa xusay in u shaqeeyo noolu waa ka keliya tilmaame of dheecaan korontada. Marka heshiis muruqyada lugaha hadda, taasoo muujinaysa farqiga u iman kara. Isha duurka korontada jeestay xiriir biraha duwana. Shishe la'aanteen iyaga ku jira tiro ka mid ah xubno ka kiimikada, weyn saamaynta.

Taargooyinka biraha duwana saareen warqad cajaladood oo lagu cufay xal elektrolytka ah, abuuraya muddo dheer loo baahan yahay farqiga iman kara. Iyo xitaa haddii ay ahayd u yar yahay (1.1 V), laakiin hadda korontada la bartay karo muddo dheer. Waxa ugu muhiimsan waa in danab ku hayay joogto ah inta.

Maxaa dhacaya

Waa maxay sababta in ilaha, loo yaqaan "unugyada electrochemical", loo yaqaan saamayn this?

Laba electrodes biraha lagu meeleeyay insulator ah, ciyaaro doorar kala duwan. Mid ka mid samatabbixiyaa electrons, kale iyaga helo. reaction redox Hab-keenaysaa in xad dhaaf ah electrons ka mid koronto, oo la yidhaahdo cirif ah negative, iyo qalad labaad, muujinaysaa sida terminal a il wanaagsan.

In dareenka qayilo cell galvanic ugu fudud ka dhaca mid ka mid koronto, dib u soo celinta - oo dhinaca kale ah. electrons The yimaadaan electrodes ka qayb dibadda Bannaanka. elektrolytka waa kaari ah oo hadda gudaha isha ra'iyi ah. ciidan iska caabin ah oo uu hoggaaminayo duration ee geedi socodka.

Copper-Zinc element

Mabda'a hawlgalka unugyada electrochemical oo xiiso leh si ay u eegaan tusaale ahaan ficilka gacanta copper-zinc galvanic oo uu ka hor zinc tamarta iyo copper sulfate. Tani waxay meesha saxan copper la dhigayaa in xal of copper sulfate, koronto zinc ah la Hawiyaha in xal zinc sulfate ah. xalal kala qaybsameen suufka furan si looga fogaado in la isku qasin, laakiin khasab ma aha taabashada.

Haddii circuit xiran yahay, lakabka dusha of zinc la oxidized. In geeddi-socodka ah ee la dhexgalo dareeraha ah atamka zinc galay udhigo jeestay muuqan in xalka. On koronto ah, electrons lagu sii daayo, kuwaas oo ka qayb formation hadda ka qaadan kartaa.

Helitaanka on koronto copper ah, electrons waxaa ku lug leh fal-celin la yareeyo. Laga soo bilaabo xal u gal lakabka dusha of udhigo copper yimid geeddi-socodka dib u soo kabashada ay beddelay atamka of copper shubo on saxan copper ah.

Soo koob waxa dhacaya: hawlgalka nidaamka of unug waxaa ku weheliyay guurka reductant electron in oxidant ee qaybta sare ee silsiladda. Xasaasiyada dhacaan labada electrodes. Inside il socodka ra'iyi hadda.

kakanaanta isticmaalka

Mabda ', mid ka mid ah cadaanyo redox suurto gal ah waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in baytariyada. Laakiin walxaha ay awood u hawlgala ee securities ah arrimaha farsamo, ma aad u badan. Waxaa intaa dheer, dareen diidmo badan oo u baahan kharashka qalabka qaali ah.

baytariyada Modern leeyihiin qaab fudud. Laba electrodes waxaa la geeyaa hal elektrolytka buuxinta markabka - kiiska batari. Tilmaamo design Noocan oo kale ah fududeeyaan qaab dhismeedka iyo in la yareeyo qiimaha batariga.

Kasta oo gacanta electrochemical waa karin inuu abuuro isagoo si toos ah hadda ah.

caabin DC ma ogola udhigo oo dhan isku mar shid electrodes ah, sidaas darteed unit ka shaqeeyaa muddo dheer. falgalka kiimikada saaro udhigo danbeyn element joojiyo laga saaro.

iska caabin ah ayaa gudaha ee korontada waa muhiim.

A waxoogaa yar oo iska caabin ah

Isticmaalka hadda korontada, shaki ku jirin, ayaa keenay horumarka sayniska iyo farsamada heerka cusub, boost weyn isaga siiyey. Laakiin xoogga iska caabin ah ay u socodka hadda helo jidka horumarinta noocan oo kale ah.

Dhinaca mid, hadda korontada wuxuu leeyahay sifooyin qiimo isticmaali karo ee guriga iyo Technology, oo dhinaca kale ah - waxaa jira iska caabin ah oo badan. Physics sida sayniska dabiiciga ah ayaa isku dayaya inuu dheeli, si ay isku hagaajiyaan xaaladahan.

caabin hadda soo baxdo ka xidhiidhka qayb koronto eedeeyay walax oo ay u guurayso. Horjoogsanaya in nidaamka this ee xaaladaha heerkulka caadiga ah, ma suurtowdo.

caabin

The iska caabin ah gudaha isha hadda iyo iska caabin ah qaybaha dibadda Bannaanka leeyihiin nooca kala duwan, laakiin si siman ee geedi socodka waa hawlgal dhaliyay by dhaqaaqin amarka.

Shaqada laftiisa ku xiran tahay oo kaliya on sifooyinka isha iyo content ay: tayada electrodes iyo elektrolytka, iyo sidoo kale in unugyada circuit dibadda, iska caabin ah kuwaas oo ku xiran tahay xuduudaha joomateri iyo guryaha kiimikada ah waxyaabaha la. Tusaale ahaan, iska caabin ah ee xarigga biraha kordhiyaa ay dherer ah iyo hoos u leh deegaanka qeybaha kordhin. In xalinta dhibaatada, sida loo yareeyo iska caabin ah ee Physics talinaysaa isticmaalka qalabka khaaska ah.

Shaqooyinka hadda

Iyadoo la tixraacayo sharciga Joule in kirishbooyada qoondeeyay qadar kulaylka saami la iska caabin ah. Haddii tirada kulaylka Q yeero _ext. , Xoog hadda waxaan, waqtiga socodka a t, waxaan ka heli:

• Q _ext. = Waxaan ^{2 ·} r · t,

halkaas oo r - caabbinta gudaha ee korontada ku.

Bannaankii oo dhan oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid gudaha iyo dibadaba labadaba, wadarta guud ee kulaylka waxaa iftiimiyay, formula ee kaas oo ah:

• _{wadarta guud ee} Q = waan ^{2 ·} r · t + waan ^{2 ·} R · t = Waxaan ^{2 ·} (R + R) · t,

Waxaa la og yahay sida muujinaysaa in iska caabin physics, circuit dibadda (dhammaan waxyaabaha laga reebo isha) ayaa iska caabin ah R.

sharciga Ohm ee silsiladda complete

Ka fikir in inta badan shaqo ee ciidamada ka baxsan dhigi isha hadda. Its magnitude waa loo siman yahay si wax soo saarka ee ay amarka u qaadeen berrinka, iyo il xoog electromotive:

• q · E = waan ² · (R + R) · t.

ogaaday in lacag waa loo siman yahay si wax soo saarka ee xoogga hadda waqtiga ay dhacdo, waxaan haysanaa:

• E = waan · (r + R).

Iyadoo la tixraacayo xidhiidhada sababta-iyo-saamaynta sharciga Ohm ee la siiyo by:

• I = E: (r + R).

xoog hadda in EMF ku circuit xidhan yahay si toos ah saamiyeed si ay il awoodeed iyo dhigmayn in guud (wadar) caabin Bannaanka.

Ayadoo lagu saleeyay tusaalaha this, waxaa suurtagal ah si loo ogaado iska caabin ah gudaha iyo isha hadda.

The capacitance il dheecaan

Sifooyinka maamulaha ilo iyo ka mid noqon kara awoodda dheecaan. tirada ugu badan ee korontada helay markii hoos shuruudo gaar ah, taas oo ku xidhan dheecaan hadda.

In kiiska ugu fiican, marka qiyaasida qaarkood waa la wada oofiyey, awoodda dheecaan la oran karo waa joogto ah.

Tusaale ahaan, batariga caadiga ah waa 1.5 V kala duwan yihiin laga yaabo in uu leeyahay awood dheecaan of 0.5 Ah a. Haddii dheecaanku hadda waa 100 MA, ka dibna waxa ay ku shaqeeya 5 saacadood.

Hababka for amraya baytariyada

Operation of batteriga keenaysaa in dheecaan ay. batari Recovery amraya xubno ka yar waxaa la sameeyaa iyadoo hadda lagu qiimaha awood ka yar tahay hal tobnaad ee weelka isha.

Kuwa soo socda hababka amraya:

• isticmaalka hadda a joogto ah muddo magacaaban darteed mooyee (oo ku saabsan 16 saacadood 0.1 awooda batariga hadda);
• hoos hadda ku amraya in qiimaha Fundka farqiga u iman kara;
• Isticmaal hadda ku dhufo;
• codsi isdaba joog ah oo la karsado gaaban ku amraya oo gudanayay, taas oo marka hore ka wada weyn yahay kii labaad.

shaqo

hawsha la soo jeediyay: ogaado iska caabin ah gudaha isha hadda iyo EMF.

Waayo, hirgelintiisana ay u baahan tahay in loo hayo by isha hadda, ammeter ah, voltmeter, rheostat slide, set muhiim ah oo kirishbooyada.

Isticmaalka sharciga Ohm ee circuit xidhan go'aamin doona caabiga gudaha ee isha hadda. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, waa in aad ogaato qiimaha EMF iska caabin ah rheostat.

Xisaabiyaa formula iska caabin ah ee hadda ka jirta oo qayb ka ah barxadda dibadda ee silsiladda la go'aamin karaa Law Ohm ee subcircuit:

• I = U: R,

halkaas oo aan - hadda soo wareegi dibadda, waxaa lagu cabbiraa ammeter ah; U - danab on resistor dibadda.

Si loo hagaajiyo saxnaanta cabbirka by yaraan 5 jeer ka dhigay. Maxay sameeyaan? The qiyaasay inta lagu guda jiro danab tijaabo, iska caabin ah, hadda (more hufan, hadda) ayaa halkan loo isticmaalo.

Si loo go'aamiyo il awoodeed oo ciidanka electromotive, isticmaali xaqiiqda ah in danab oo dhan boosteejada ay markii xididka furan ku dhowaad siman u EMF ah.

Habeynta silsilad ah baytariyada taxane-xiran, resistors, muhiimka ah ammeter. The boosteejada of isha hadda xirmaan voltmeter ah. Goynta biiro, ka saar maraggiisa.

iska caabin ah ayaa gudaha, taas oo caanaha waxaa laga sharciga Ohm ee circuit guud, qeexo xisaabta:

• I = E: (r + R).
• r = E: I - U: I.

Qiyaasaha ayaa muujinaya in iska caabin ay gudaha uga yar yahay dibadda ah.

Shaqada la taaban karo oo ka mid ah batariga iyo batari ku leedahay codsiga ballaaran. ammaanka la dafiri karin dhowrida matoorrada korontada aan shaki ku jirin, laakiin si ay u abuuraan a batari capacious, ergonomic - dhibaatada of physics casriga ah. Its go'aanka waxay keeni doontaa in wareeg cusub oo horumarinta technology baabuurta.

Compact, oo khafiifa, baytariyada-awood sare waxaa sidoo kale lagama maarmaan ah in qalabka elektarooniga ah mobile. sahayda tamarta loo isticmaalo iyaga in si toos ah xiriir la leh qalliinka ee alaabta.