Horseedayaashii ee St. Petersburg - cidda ay yihiin?

caasimada caansan dunida ee ku dhaqan of Russia - Saint Petersburg - jiidanayaa aan dadka degan oo keliya degaanka, laakiin sidoo kale kun oo visitors, kuwaas oo doonaya in ay booqdaan magaalada buundooyinka, iyo Habeenada Cad. Waa maxay si soo jiidasho leh St. Petersburg iyo qofka sameeyay habka aan hadda ogahay?

Bilow ee dhismaha St. Petersburg

Founder of magaaladuna waxay ahayd reformer weyn iyo Tsar Peter I. wacdaro la naqshadaha iyo horumarka ka mid ah dalalka reer galbeedka uu booqday, Peter waxaan go'aansaday in la dhiso magaalo ee Russia, waa ineysan u qurux iyo xarrago ee taajajkii Yurub. Sayidka bilaabay dhismaha St. Petersburg.

ma boqorkii wuxuu ahaa taageere xagjirnimada ah ee reer galbeedka oo dhan, laakiin waxa uu ahaa awoodaan in ay soo saaro kuwa ugu muhiimsan ee waxa aad aragto oo aad u la qabsado xaaladaha Ruush. Horseedayaashii ee St. Petersburg, taas oo uu dibadda uga soo kiraystay, ayaa sayid si fiican u yaqaan ee farsamada this ee wadamada yurub.

iyaga ka mid ah, Jean-Baptiste Leblond ka France iyo Domenico Trezzini ka Italy. Ay hawl may ahayn oo kaliya in design ah ee dhismayaasha iyadoo la raacayo dhadhankii iyo baahida dadka degan magaalada, laakiin sidoo kale tababarka ee injineero Empire farshaxanka adag. In la dhiiri geliyo ajaanibta Peter waxaan iyaga ku bixisay Ajir badan ka sii badan tahay ee sayid Ruush.

Horseedayaashii ee St. Petersburg

Mid ka mid ah injineero ugu horeysay ee St. Petersburg ee muddada u dhaxaysa 1703 in 1716 uu ahaa Domenico Trezzini - Wakiilka of hore Baroque ah. Ka mid ah mashaariicda uu - dhismaha Kronshlot (madaafiic qalcaddii for ilaalinta Sweden); Qorshaha ugu horeeya ee guud ee magaalada, qorshaha horumarinta ee Vasilyevsky Island, qorshaynaysa dhismaha ee Cathedral ee Peter iyo Paul Fortress, Palace ee Xagaaga, dhismaha of Colleges tobankii. style ee naqshadeeyaha ugu beddelay sarkhaansan xaqiiqada dhabta ah ee ku hareeraysan. Mashaariicda ugu horeysay (gaar ahaan, munaaraddii dawan ee Cathedral ee SS Peter iyo Paul) gudashada style adag Scandinavian naqshadaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sarkhaansan yihiin dhaqanka iyo style sayidkooda Ruush foomamka naqshadda Trezzini qaaday qaab jilicsan.

Sakhiray in ay saameyn la mid ah iyo injineero kale ee St. Petersburg, ruuxa Ruush gaar ah iyo habka nolosha ee dadka Empire Ruush ah si ay u sameeyaan hagaajin weyn ee geedi socodka hal abuur iyo views bilicsanaanta of injineero.

No kaalin muhiim ah in ka yar horumarinta magaalooyinka by Johann Georg Mattarnovi, naqshada Jarmal, ka dhigay gaaray St. Petersburg ee 1714. Waxa uu hogaaminayo dhismaha dhismayaasha dhowr - labaad ee Palace Winter ah, dhismaha oo ka mid ah Kunstkamera, Cathedral St. Isxaaq. Laakiinse dhimasho kedis ah in 1719 ka dib markii ay bilaabeen in ay buuxiso naqshadeeyaha ugu Nikolaus Gerbel.

naqshada kale oo aad u fiican, oo u shaqeeyn jiray ee caasimada waqooyiga - France Jean-Baptiste Leblond. Waxa uu ahaa qoraaga qorshaha ugu horeysay ee guud ee magaalada. Intaa waxaa dheer, naqshada ayaa abuuray qaabka ah Garden ee Xagaaga, iyo sidoo kale beeraha iyo beeraha ee Strelna iyo Peterhof (gaar ahaan, uu, Hermitage, Monplaisir dhisay qolalka boqornimada iyo taambuug Marley).

Mid ka mid ah mashaariicda kowaad wuxuu ahaa a taariikhi Menshikov Palace, kuwaas oo dhismaha bilaabay in 1710 on horumarinta Giovanni Maria Fontana, oo lagu soo dhamaystay 1720 horeba Johann Schedel. dhismaha ayaa waxaa si gaar ah loo dhisay for xayawaanka boqorka - Prince Alexander Menshikov.

The injineero kii dhisay St. Petersburg, shaqeeyey ka ab. Sidaas daraaddeed, in 1716 in magaalada la qoyskiisa iyo gargaare yimid Bartolomeo Karlo Rastrelli, gabagabeeyay heshiis seddex sanno ah boqorka. Injineerka ayaa waxaa ku hawlan abuurka koox dhan reliefs for Cascade Grand ee Peterhof; Waxaan abuuray taallo farda Butros I (kaalinta hore ee Palace Mikhailovsky ah), iyo sidoo kale dhowr Wehbe oo ka mid ah boqorkii iyo "tiradaasi wax".

Naqshadle sare ee St. Petersburg

Wiilka Bartolomayos Sr. - Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli - in ay magaalada la yimid aabbihiis at da'da 15 sano. Waxbarashada, wuxuu qabtay injineero u fiican sida Domenico Trezzini, N. Michetti, M. Zemtsov iyo A. Shlyutter. Rastrelli Jr. shaqeeyey St. Petersburg, oo ku saabsan konton sannadood, abuuraya muddo this dhismayaasha ugu caansan dunida ee: Palace Catherine ee Tsarskoye Selo, Tiri guriga Stroganov iyo Vorontsov, Grand Peterhof Palace. Naqshadle of Palace Winter ah ee St. Petersburg - sidaas loo yaqaan Bartolomeo Rastrelli, soo bixitaankii this kakan xirfadaha oo dhan. Dhismaha socday ka 1754 si ay u 1762. Marka ay dhamaystirka, qasriga ahaa joogitaanka ugu weyn ee qaboobaha Imperial. Dhismuhu waa mid qaab Baroque. Waa dhismaha taariikhi ah ee la soo dhaafay, iskuna style ka mid ah fannaaniinta ka shaqeeyey in jihada this.

Waxaa sidaas waxay u noqotay maxaa yeelay qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XVIII ah waxa lagu gartaa isbeddel kadis ah in xiriirka dhaqaalaha iyo dhadhankii ee bulshada, taas oo keentay in eynu degdeg ah pop baroque.

Naqshadle of Palace Winter ah ee St. Petersburg ayaa la kulantay musiibo dhab ah sababta oo ah khasaaraha af badan oo xiiso in qaabka dhismaha ee uu noloshiisa siiyey si ay classicism. Waa dhif ah odaygii ka badbaaday xilligii socodka, taas oo uu ku soo shaqeeyay. Rastrelli waxaa u ahaa dhabar jab dhab ah.

Saamaynta on naqshadaha shisheeye Ruush

Qeybtii hore ee qarnigii XVIII ka noqday durkin ah ee taariikhda naqshadaha Ruush. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in injineero caanka ah ee St. Petersburg ahaayeen ajaanib ah, waxay inta badan ka go'an horumarinta Isboortiga ee Empire Ruush ah, isaga oo siinaya qaar ka mid ah isbeddellada Western. Marka sayid waqti isku mid ah naftooda ku sarkhaansan yihiin deegaanka, caadooyinka iyo dhaqanka oo ka mid ah dadka Ruush iyo dunida beddeleen qaabka shaqadooda, qabsado dhadhankii iyo rabitaankayga ah macaamiisha.