"Hero of Our Time", an maqaalka-dood. novel ah "A Hero of Our Time" Lermontov

Waxaan dhamaanteen ku qoray maqaalka dugsiga carruurnimada "Hero of Our Time" ee novel ah by Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova, laakiin ardayda ugu yihiin run ahaantii aan u maleeyay oo ku saabsan ujeedadii qoraaga asalka iyo shaqada. Waxayna kugula ujeeddo leedahay, ma arday kasta wuxu fahmaa aragnimada adag nafsi ah oo dadka waaweyn. Sidaa darteed, wax soo saarka ee classical, oo gacanta ku hal - fudud ah, laakiin dhinaca kale ah - qoto dheer, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay dib ugu sano uu qaan tag, oo mar kale in dib looga fikiro, si aad u ogaato wax caadi ah ama ka soo horjeeda in kale, dunida, caalamka oo dhan ...

dhalashada sifayn ah

wax soo saarka ee "Hero of Our Time" waxay ahayd sheeko ku tiraab marka hore, ku qoran qaabka xaqiiqo bulshada iyo cilmi nafsiga. shaqada Moral iyo falsafada ku jira Intaa waxaa dheer in taariikhda qof ugu muhiimsan sida description dhalaalaysa oo qani nolosha ee Russia 30 sano ee qarnigii XIX ah. Waxa ay ahayd nooc ka mid ah hal-abuurnimo tijaabo ah marka la eego nooca ka soo qoraaga, sida waqtiga ku sifayn ah sida "sheeko" kajirin. Lermontov ka dib qirtay in uu ku qoray sheeko ah "Hero of Our Time," oo ku salaysan waayo-aragnimo suugaanta Pushkin iyo dhaqan of Western Europe. saamaynta Tani waa caddayn marka la eego sheeko jaceyl.

qoraal DULUCDA

In 1832 Lermontov qoray gabay, "Waxaan doonayaa in aan ku noolaado! Waxaan doonayaa in aan Xumeeyaan Wajigiinna ... "Sidee nin dhallinyaro ah si quus ah la maturity oo fikirka ah, aragtida iyo sax in sida rabitaan la koontarooli karin in ay digniin? Waxaa laga yaabaa in la quusan nolosha-adkaynaya this ayaa soo jiitay dareenka dadka qarniyada badan oo akhristayaasha oo ka dhigaysa gabayada ee Lermontov ayaa maanta ku habboon? Fikrado ku saabsan damaca duufaanka iyo soo if-gabay ah "dhoofnay", ku qoran isla sanadkaas: "Oo wuxuu, mucaaradka, ayay weydiiyo duufaanka sida haddii duufaantani ay la iman doonaa nabad!" Uu casriga ah, ku dhowaad isku da ', Herzen ka hadlay markuu qarnigiisa sida "sumeeyay ka yaraantaadii."

Si loo fahmo erayadan, waa in la soo yeeri, waxa marxalad ay ku noolaan lahayd Lermontov, iyo waqti, taasoo ku muuqata dambe ee novel ah "A Hero of Our Time". Qormada An on novel habboon bilaabmaa falanqayn ka mid ah gabayo hore ee Abwaan, maxaa yeelay, waxaa iyaga ku dhex jira asalka arki karo taas oo horseeday qoraaga in la abuuro wax soo saarka gaar ah.

Youth Lermontov yimid on time, taas oo ahayd arrin murugo leh taariikhda Ruush. December 14, 1825 at the Square Senate ee St. Petersburg ahaa kacdoonkii ka mid ah Decembrists, kaas oo ku dhamaaday guul darro. Qabanqaabiye kacdoonkii lagu deldelay, ka qaybgalayaasha ayaa u dirtay shan iyo labaatan sannadood ee Hijrooday ee Siberia. Facooda Lermontov duwan asaaga Pushkina, koray in jawi dulmi. Waa in ay qaataan galay account dugsiyada casriga ah, diyaarinta maqaalka ah on this topic.

"Hero of Our Time"

Lermontov ka fadilnaa geesi "nuxurka madow ah in" uu ka qabno. Inkastoo madaxda ciidamada door ee xakamaynta dadka, iyo xaakinnadii ayaa looga baahan yahay inay buure ah gabayayaashiinnu maxkamadda dulmi - waayo, ammaanta boqorka. Waxaan la sii kordhaya jawi cabsi, shaki, rajo la'aan. In uu dhalinyarada, gabayaa ahaa, iftiinku kuma jiro iyo iimaanka. Kor buu u koray cidla ah ruuxiga ah, iyo waqtiga oo dhan isku dayaya in ay ka baxsadaan.

In maansadu "metalayo" waa line ah: "Iyada oo dabeylo cidlaanaysaa madhin yaraantayadii ..." Waa adag tahay in ay aaminsan yihiin in qoraaga of shuqul gabay ahaa sano oo kaliya 15 jir ah! Laakiin tani ma aysan sawir isagoo dhalinyarada caadiga ah. Lermontov weli ma sharixi kartaa, laakiin waxaa uu bilaabay in uu ay ogaadaan in qof kaas oo aan awoodin in ay u dhaqmaan, ma noqon karaan kuwo sii faraxsanaan lahayd. Toban sano ka dib "metalayo", ayuu qoray sheeko ah "A Hero of Our Time". qoraal ah oo ku saabsan mowduucan waa ku jira dood ku saabsan waqtiga hadda iyo meeshii nin ku dhex. Waa in ay "Hero of Our Time," qoraaga sharxayaa nafsiga ah ee qarnigan iyo inay muujiyaan rajo ah, kaas oo lagu xukumay facooda uu.

qoraal story

Marka qoraal maqaalo waa macquul in la tilmaamo in Lermontov bilaabay qoraal novel ee 1838 sarkhaansan dareenkaa Caucasian. Marka hore waxa aan ahaa xataa sheeko a, iyo sheekooyin shakhsi, qof ugu weyn ee la isku daray. In 1839, Macalester "Notes of Fatherland ah" ayaa sheegay in M. Lermontov diyaarinta si ay u daabacaan a collection of uu sheekooyin gaagaaban. Mid kasta oo ka mid ah sheekooyinka ahayd mid ku salaysan dhaqan qaarkood suugaanta: "Bella" waxaa lagu qoray style ee maqaalka socotada, "Princess Mary" - in xeerkii sheeko cilmaani ah, "Taman" - ruuxa novel lyrical, "Fatalist The" - si la mid ah "sheekada kiis dahsoon "kaas oo ahaa caanka ah ee 1830s ah. Later sheekooyinka dhalan doonaa sheeko buuxa "Hero of Our Time".

si kooban qoraal-dood geleysa waxaa kaabaya dhacdooyinka tilmaamay in novel ah "Princess Ligovskoy" (1836). Shaqada Tani chronologically iyo mowduuc ka hormarey "Hero". Waxaa, markii ugu horeysay oo u muuqday sarkaal Pechorin ilaalada, kuwaas oo ahaa in jacayl la Vera Princess ah LIGOVSKY. cutubka A gooni ah "Taman" waxaa lagu qoray 1837, muuqanaya sida in la sii wado "The Princess Ligovski". shuqulladaada oo dhammu ay la xiriiraan kasta oo kale oo ay leeyihiin a line dhaqan-falsafada caadiga ah, fikirka hal iyo hanuuninta ku sifayn.

isbeddel tifaftirka

Halabuurka ee novel ah "A Hero of Our Time" ayaa la bedelay in version cusub. qoraal ah waxaa lagula talinayaa in ay ku darsato taariikhiyan ee qoraalka: sheekada "Beel" ahaa cutubka furitaanka of novel ah, waxaa la raacay by "Maksim Maksimych" iyo "Princess Mary". Later, labada sheekooyin hore way isku daro horyaalka "From qoraalada sarkaal» iyo noqday qayb ka mid ah hormuudka ka ah novel ah, iyo qaybta labaad uu ahaa "Princess Mary". Waxaa lagu uuraysan in ay soo bandhigaan niyad jab "qirasho" ee ninkii. Inta lagu guda jiro bisha August-September 1839 Lermontov go'aansadeen in ay si buuxda dib-u-qori oo dhan cutubyada laga reebo cutubka "Bella", kaas oo wakhtigaas mar hore la daabacay. Waxaa xilligan la joogo shaqada ee cutubka "fatalist" noqday sheeko a.

In nuqulka kowaad ee sheeko aan magaca lahaa "Mid ka mid ah geesiyaal qarnigii." Waxay ka koobnayd afar qaybood - afar sheekooyin gaar ah, laakiin in dareenka novel ah qoraaga qudhiisa kala laba qaybood. Qaybta hore - Hagidda sarkaalka-sheekeeye, kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa - qof note ah. Hordhac "fatalist" cutubka sii durdur falsafada shaqada. Jebinta novel in qayb ka, Lermontov ma isku dayaan in ay sii taariikhiyan ee dhacdooyinka, goolka suurto gal ahayd inay nafta oo ka mid ah ninkii iyo nafta oo ka mid ah dadka ka qabno in naxaysaan Muujinaysaan.

By dhamaadka 1839 Lermontov abuuraa version a dambeeya ee sheeko ah, in ay ka mid ah "Taman" cutubka iyo beddelo kooban ee alaabta. novel wuxuu ku bilaabmaa cutubka "Belac", ka dibna yimid "Maksim Maksimych." Notes furmi, Pechorin, ayaa hadda bilaabay in uu madax "Taman" iyo dhamaaday "fatalist ah." sidoo kale waxaa uu ahaa si fiican u yaqaan "Pechorin magazine" In edition isku. Sayidka, sheeko ka kooban yahay shan cutub, oo halkaas waa magac cusub: novel ah "A Hero of Our Time".

waa wax caadi ah u dhexeeya Onegin iyo Pechorin maxay

Magaca awoowe ee ninkii ka mid ah sheeko isaga lala Pushkin ee Evgeniem Oneginym. Pechorin la odhan ka yimaado magaca Ruush weyn Pechora River, oo ku yaalla meel u dhow Onega ah (halkan ka, sida aynu hore u sheegnay, oo la odhan Onegin). Iyo xiriirka tani ma aha coincidental.

Ka dib markii A. Pushkin Lermontov loola jeedaa image uu casriga ah iyo lafaguridda ay aayahooda marka la eego waqtigooda. Lermontov xitaa qoto dheer galay qarsoon ee nafta geesiga, sii kordhaya cilmi nafsiga ah ee shaqada oo saturating kabixiso falsafada qoto dheer oo ku saabsan anshaxa ee bulshada.

tirsanaan koox Suugaan

"Hero of Our Time" - an maqaalka-dood, novel ugu horeysay moral iyo nafsi tiraab suugaanta Ruush. Waa nooc ka mid ah sheeko ee macquul ah, taas oo ay diiradda saartaa xalinta qoraaga of arrimaha moral oo u baahan falanqayn nafsi qoto-dheer.

In novel ah, heshiisyo qoraaga kula casriga ah ee ay waqtiga, arrimaha anshaxa iyo anshaxa: wanaagga iyo xumaanta, jacayl iyo saaxiibtinimada, dhimasho iyo diinta, magacaabidda qofka iyo xorriyadda doonista. shuqullada Psychology waa in Lermontov diiradda saarayaa shakhsiyadda qofka geesiga ah, khibradiisa ruuxiga ah. Akhristaha la soo bandhigay "qaawan" Naf Pechorin. novel ah "Hero of Our Time" - taariikh naftiisa.

wax soo saarka feature

Author dhowr jeer beddelay oo sideeda oo si buuxda u furo dhibaatada ugu weyn ee - baaris ruuxiga ah ee geesiga. Taasi Lermontov oo dhan. "Hero of Our Time", theme of taas oo loo arkay in sharaxaad ka mid ah xaaladaha nolosha iyo qalloocinaya in qaddar ee qof ugu muhiimsan, si buuxda wax garad ahayn taariikhiyan kasta. Su'aashu waxa ay imanaysaa: sababta qoraaga aanu fulin amarka taariikh in qorshaha cutubyada? gudeed taariikh waxaa sabab u ah dhowr sababood.

• Waa midda koowaade, ka sheekaysay waxaa jira xubno ka mid ah noocyo kala duwan: qoraal, xusuus qor, sheekooyinka cilmaani ah, curisyada iyo sida.
• Marka labaad, qoraaga ayaa isku dayay in uu xiiso akhristaha, si ay u fuliyaan "safar" ee cilmi nafsiga ee geesiga, si ay quusin akhristaha galay moolka dheer dunida hoose oo qof.

Maadaama uu adag iyo "khilaafsan" dhismeedka shaqeeyaa ah narrators badan novel in cutubka kasta - a. Tusaale ahaan, in cutubka "Bella" oo ku saabsan koorsada dhacdooyinka, akhristaha baran doontaa sheekada Maksima Maksimovicha (Maksimych), in "Maxim Maksimych" story waa mid sirkaal ah, oo madax ka ah "Taman", "Princess Mary," "fatalist" soo bandhigay qaab joornaalka iyo xusuus-qorka ee ninkii . Taasi waa, sheekeeye qudhiisu waa Pechorin. Foomamka joornaalka iyo xusuus qor si loo suurtogeliyo in qoraaga ma aha oo kaliya lafaguraa nafta geesiga, laakiin sidoo kale ay da`dooda ka qoto dheer oo qofka.

Pechorin iyo Bella: warheynta iyo jacaylka

By dabiiciga ah ee Pechorin ahaa dalxiisto ah. Sidee kale si ay u sharxaan xaaladda marka Azamat, ina ka mid ah amiirradii maxaliga ah, la afduubay walaasheed Belac oo Pechorin keenay, iyo jawaab u Azamat Petchorin xado faras ka Kazbich? geesiga ma daalin inaad hadiyado qaali ah naag aad badan ayaa ugu danbeyn ku guuleystay iyada raallinimo. Iyana waxay isagii u soo jiitay oo kibir iyo caasinnimada.

Haddii aan ka hadlo xoogga dareenka, ama soo celinta jacaylka xiliyo, tacsiyadaynaynaa Lermontov waa la Belac - run ahaantii ayay Petchorin jeclaaday runtii. Laakiin qof ugu weyn ee ka dambeysa u muuqday, qudhiisa isma ogaado laga yaabaa in gabar la dareensan dhabta ah, ama waa inuu hammadda careysan in uu nafta iyo jidhkaba. Taasi waa musiibo ee geesiga - wuxuu awoodi waayey inuu si qoto dheer damqadaan. In farabadan jecel Pechorin Belac-dhigay mowduucyo maqaalka. "Hero of Our Time" waxaa ku jira wax badan oo daqiiqado Muujinaysaan awoodda ninkii ay u dareen xoog leh. Waxaa pechorin ogyahay waxa keenaya faraxsaneyn kuwa kale, laakiin weli ma fahmin waxa arrinta ka. Sida dhashay khibradaha oo dhanna waxaa lagu hoos u xiiso, wax aan waxba tarayn ruuxiga ah iyo niyad jab.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inuu ka hadlo callousness buuxda ma loo baahan yahay. Markaasaa Belac dhintay geeri naxdin leh, waa naxariis xagga, ma aha oo kaliya at Maxim Maksimych iyo akhristayaasha. Waxa uu noqday "cirro sida shiraaq," In daqiiqo ee ugu danbeysay ee nolosha Bely Pechorin. Oo markaas "ayaa muddo dheer jirran ahayd, badiyay, miskiin ..." Waxa uu dareemay in uu dembi ka hor iyada, laakiin isku dayeen in ay qarin dareenkooda gudaha. Waxaa laga yaabaa in sababta uu ka qarxay "qosol la yaab leh," sidaas cabsi Maxim Maksimych. Inta badan, waxay ahayd nooc ka mid ah burburka dareemayaasha. Sidaas matali karo "geesi of our time." Dhabta ah oo kaliya qoraal ah ee uu qof sifooyin qoraaga ahayd dhow - uu ku noolaa meel u dhow dadka dhinaca by dhinaca maalin kasta. Akhristaha arkaa tallaabo ah iyada oo indhaha sheekeeye Pechorin Maxim Maksimych, laakiin ma fahmi sababaha falalkan.

Xiriirka saacididoono Maksimych in Petchorin

"Waa sida direyska yar oo cad, isaga for cusub, waxaan qiyaasay in uu ahaa in Caucasus, waxaan dhawaan leeyihiin" - in arkay Pechorina Maksim Maksimych. From sharaxaad waxa uu dareemay in sheekeeye sida Pechorin. Tani waa caddaynta ku erayada ka soo galaha sarifo, kalgacal loo isticmaalo by sheekeeye, iyo weedha ah "nin wanaagsan ahaa ...".

In novel ah "Hero of Our Time," essay ah oo ku saabsan nolosha Pechorin ee laga yaabo in ay ku qoran by hal buug multi-bog - si muran, midabo iyo image qoto dheer la dhigay waxa ku jira qoraaga. Petchorin ka duwanaayeen kuwii kale ee ay dhaqankooda: jawaabayo isbeddel ah ee heerkulka, doorsoonka lama filaan ah, iyo aamusnaanta dheer la filayn hadal badan. Sababtoo ah oo ka mid ah "aan caadi ahayn" ee calaamadaha jir-shidda Maxim Maksimych Petchorin loo arkaa wax qariib ah.

fahmo Maksimych dareenkooda, kexeeyey by dhallinyarada Pechorin ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu ka fikiray waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay ku noqdaan gabadha Aabihiis, inkastoo uu si xoog leh ku lifaaqan Belac, ixtiraamka iyada oo kibir iyo is-xakamaynta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu sidoo kale iska leh erayadan: "Waxaa jira dad in hubaal waa in aad ku heshiisaan." Maksim Maksimych uu maanka ku Pechorin, kuwaas oo lahaa shakhsiyad adag oo aysan awoodin in ay ku hoosaysiiyo doonista oo dhan.

dhadhan dabiiciga ah

Lermontov in tiraab Ruush - mid ka mid ah qorayaasha ugu horeysay waayo, kii dabiiciga ma aha muuqaal u dhashay, laakiin geesi buuxa fuliya oo ka mid ah sheeko. Waxaa la og yahay in qoraaga ayaa la dhacsan by quruxda ee Caucasus, ay darnaanta iyo waynaanta. Roman Lermontova "Hero of Our Time" waxaa si fudud u buuxeen farshaxankiisa ee dabiiciga ah - Wild, laakiin qurux badan. Sida ay dhowr dhaleecayn xusay, in Lermontov loo isticmaalaa in lagu qabto qorayaasha fikradda kale ee "humanization ee dabiiciga ah", markii hore ku daray "oprirozhivanie aadanaha". Gaarka ah farsamooyinka farshaxanka ee sharaxaad ka mid ah dabeecadda iftiimin doonaa sharciyada duurjoogta ah kaas oo dadka ku noolaa buuraha. sax isla sharaxaad ka mid ah midabka iyo dhalaalka of Caucasus yihiin sawiro kala duwan, shakhsi ahaan ku qoran by M. Lermontovym Yu..

natiijooyinka

Sidaas darteed, wax soo saarka ka mid ah "Hero of Our Time" - waa in horyaalka ah novel ugu horeysay ee ay nuxurka oo dhan been. Pechorin - jiilka dhigid. Waxaan ma dhihi karo in dadkii oo dhammu waxay soo yaaceen ee waayo-aragnimada ruuxiga ah, ka wareer soo gaaray, iyo jinniyadooda u adkeeyeen. ninkii ayaa la soo bixitaankii muwaadiniinta oo keliya ma aha, sida Zaman - adag ah, waqtiyo arxan dadka, laakiin waqti isku mid ah xoog iyo xoog-ka yeeli. Tani waa waxa waa in aad maskaxda ku hayso inta diyaarinta essay "Hero of Our Time" ee. Lermontov xaliyay gaadhsiiyey jawiga bulshada ee taariikhda geesiga.