Halsano khamriga

halsano khamriga waa aasaas u ah qaybaha kala duwan cunto - yaynana kolna, samaynta khamri, wax soo saarka khamri. Tani waxa muhiim ah in kibis soda, soo saaridda caanaha si cajiib leh, wax soo saarka cuntada. halsano Qamriga of carbohydrates waa inaad ku soo guurto carbon dioxide, ethanol iyo qaybaha kale. In geeddi-socodka ah ee loo gaysto anaerobic walxaha dheeraad ah oo adag in tamarta ka fudud ayaa la sii daayay.

Sheyga-activators ee habkan waa khamiirka, sida caadiga ah ee saharomitses panulirus ah. In deegaan gaar ah halsano khamriga keeni kara gardarro qaar ka mid ah fangaska iyo bakteeriyada. Si toos ah saamayn habka koritaanka khamiir dhigay Pasteur. Buchner Ka dibna, Liebig iyo Lebedev caddeeyeen in halsano khamriga waa suurto gal oo aan iyaga (yeast) ka qaybqaadashada, ama xitaa iyada oo aan isticmaalka qaybaha enzymatic cell-free dheefayo iyaga ka. Guryaha qaar ka mid ah sheyga pathogenic la baabbi'in lahaa kuwa ama carbohydrates kale sameeyay aasaas u ah geedi socodka ka mid ah tirada dhaqamada bakteeriyada iyo aqoonsiga of wakiilada pathogenic sii kordhaya.

Haddaba si fiican u habaysan in guurka carbohydrate in waxyaalo kale oo ka dhigan tahay tirada redox oo kale reactions taas oo qaadan meel sequentially. Waxaa jira noocyo kala duwan oo ah halsano. Iyada oo taageero ka khamiir habka ugu fudud dhacdaa sonkor fudud - fructose iyo glucose.

Qoraalkani wuxuu ugu dambaysta si gaar ah muhiim. Sidaas, marka sauerkraut, caanaha, qajaar maraa halsano jėrto of glucose. Geedi socodka isku dhacdaa silage. Haddii mass ee silage shaabadeeyey ku filan, hawada guskiisa. Under saameynta ay ku bilaabmaa halsano acid butyric. Sida ka dhashay geedi socodka this, feed uu noqdo ku noolyihiin.

Marka wax soo saarka ee biir loo isticmaalo khamriga halsano of glucose.

Maltose, sucrose sidoo kale laga yaabaa in lagu qaado geedi socodka. Pre waa hydrolysis isticmaalaya khamiir. Sayidka sameeyay monosaccharides.

Lactose (sonkorta caanaha) yaabaa in lagu qaado dheefshiidka oo keliya noocyo ka mid ah khamiir.

Glycogen, istaarijka iyo carbohydrates kale oo qaab-dhismeedka ka sii adag oo aan la hoos geliyey in geeddi-socodka. Markii hore waxay mari habka hydrolysis enzymatic ama acidic. Sidaas darteed, waxay lumiyaan xasiloonida iyo saameeyo khamiir.

Gjærsopper isu yihiin qalabka wax caadi ah ee dabiiciga ah. Waxay waxaa la helay in berry ah, miraha, canab. In wakhtiga xagaaga, waxay faafin hawada iyo ciidda.

Khamiirka u qaybsan yahay duurjoogta ah iyo cultured. call soo dhaafay Walxaha sida kaas oo ay leeyihiin codsiyada farsamo sida ay tayada ama wax kale oo fiican. Sidaas darteed, tusaale ahaan, loo isticmaalo in aloosnayd walxaha awood u leeyihiin si ay u caddeeyaan biir ah, sidaas waxaa siinayo dhadhan wanaagsan oo soo dhadhan. qadhqadhyadu Cinabka sameeyaan bouquet gaar ah. Siriyalka khamiir lagu qiimeeyo ee ay awoodda si firfircoon u badsado iyo sidoo kale guryaha Oo cajiinkii ay si fiican u dabciyo. walxaha isku Wild hantidaan awoodda fermentative taagta daran. Waxay sameeyaan qaybaha in siiyo ur disagreeable iyo dhadhan.

Geedi socodka ah ee diinta sonkorta galay carbon dioxide, ethanol iyo waxyaalo kale oo waa kuwo ku adag. Wada jir ah ula kuwan walxaha iyo halsano ah waxaa la socda formation of kale by-products. Gaar ahaan, mugga qaar ka mid ah la sameeyey acetic acid iyo succinic acid, acetaldehyde, glycerol. Waxa asaasay sida saliid fusel. qaybaha Kuwanu waa isku dhiska ee isomers of sare alcohols: butyl, isobutyl, amyl, iyo kuwa kale. Intaa waxaa dheer, walxaha qaab kaas oo, xitaa qadar daqiiqadii saamayn kartaa dhadhan ah, si ay dhadhan gaar ah si ay u biirka, khamriga iyo waxyaabaha kale.