Guuto daba jog ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. 33 askartii daba jog, daba jog askartii 63, 53 ciidan

Tan iyo markii ugu of Khrushchev "dhalaalid" taariikhyahanadu Qaar ka mid ah ayaa si taxadar leh waxa kobciya iyo "cultured" ilaa maantadan la joogo hal khuraafaad "mid laga cabsado". Tani waa sheeko ku saabsan sida unit caqabad ku, asal ahaan abuuray si wanaagsan u qeexan, oo macquul ah oo hufan ujeedada, haatan waad soo noqoteen galay movie naxdin ah.

Waa maxay?

Fikradda aad u of formation this ciidamada waa mid aad caddayn, waxa uu sheegayaa, baniadamka, oo ah "in shaqooyinka qaarkood on qaybta gaar ah oo hore." By this aad fahmi karto xitaa formation of Batalyankii gaar ah ujeedooyin gaar ah. Labada Halabuurka iyo tirada hawlaha daba jog maraakiibta dagaalka oo dhan marar badan ka bedelay. Marka kooxda ugu horeysay ee daafaca?

Taariikhda dhacdo

Waa in la xusuustaa in in 1941 NKVD halyeeyga kala qaybsanyihiin laba shay kala duwan: Guddiga on Arrimaha Gudaha iyo Waaxda Ammaanka Gobolka (NKGB). Counterintelligence, oo ka soo baxay guuto, waxaa la miiqeen off ka Commissariat Arrimaha Gudaha. Dhamaadka July 1941 uu soo saaray amarka gaar ah oo ku saabsan shaqada ee wakhtiga dagaalka, ka dibna formation of qaybaha gaarka ah.

Waxay ahayd markaa in unit ugu horeysay daafaca la aasaasay, oo shaqadoodu ahayd inay soo qabtaan goostay iyo "waxyaabaha laga shakiyo" u dhow hore. No "xuquuqda dil" kooxaha, kuwaas oo aan ku jiray, waxay qaban karaa oo keliya "element" raacay by isaga galbinayay maamulka.

Mar kale, markii labada waaxda mar kale la midoobin, askartii daafac oo hoos timaad maamulka NKVD ka gudbay. Laakiin xitaa markaas, "dherjinta" gaarka ah laguma samayn, xubnaha Formation si ay u xiraan goostay. Xaaladaha gaarka ah, taas oo ka mid ah oo keliya iska caabin ah oo hubaysan si ay u dhacdo, waxay xaq u leeyihiin in la toogtay. Intaa waxaa dheer, ciidamada gaarka ah u lahaa in la qaybiyaa caasiyiinta, fulayaal, alarmist dagaalamaan. Si loo yaqaan tirada NKVD ah 00941 ka 19.07.1941 Waxaa markaas ahaa la dhigay shirkadaha gaarka ah iyo guuto, waaxana ciidamada NKVD ah.

ay qabtaan waxa shaqo?

Waa guuto daba jog kuwaas oo dagaalkii labaad ee dunida door ugu weyn. Mar kale, maya "dil mass" in ay awood ma ahaa, unugyada xogta waa in la qotomiyey difaaca si looga hortago counter-Jarmal iyo xiraan goostay talowga oo ka mid ah masuuliyiinta baaraya in 12 saacadood ee soo socota (!).

Haddii qofku si fudud u Ree dambeeya qaybaheeda (in ay ahayd arrin iska caadi ah in 1941), waxa uu, mar kale, ma mid shot. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaa jiray laba doorasho: labada askari si ay uga qeyb ka mid ah soo diray, ama (marar badan) waxay xoojiyaan unit military ee ugu dhow.

Intaa waxaa dheer, guuto daba jog ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida ugu door ah "filter" kaas oo maray dadka maxaabiista Jarmal baxsaday, iyo shaqsiyaadka kuwa safka hore, kuwaas oo cadayn waa la dafiri karin. kiiska A halkaas oo askartii ka mid ah basaasyo Jarmal ayaa qabtay koox ka mid ah ... clips! Commandants ogaaday in "seconded Ciidamada Soviet" on waraaqaha (fiican, iyadoo jidka ag fadhida) ahaayeen clip cusub bir! Sidaas awgeed waxa loo baahan yahay ma aha in la tixgeliyo ka tirsan ciidamada gudaha ee gacankudhiiglayaasha iyo sadists. Haddaba waxay ahayd sababtoo ah waxa ay u taagan yihiin ilo badan oo casri ah ...

Dagaalka looga soo horjeedo burcadnimada, iyo doorka ay ka guuto 33aad

Mid ka mid ah hawlaha oo bartey "iloobin" qaybood qaar ka mid ah taariikhyahanadu, wuxuu ahaa dagaalka ka dhanka ah burcadnimada, kaas oo ku yaalla gobollada qaar ka mid ah qaaday si cad u baahsan. Sidaas darteed, tusaale ahaan, cadeeyay inuu yahay unit caqabad 33 (laayeen Northwest).

Gaar ahaan shirkadda ka Fleet Baltic ee loo qoondeeyey. Waayo, waxaa lahaa "seconded" oo ah baabuurta gaashaaman yar. go'idda Tani waxay u dhaqmeen kaynta Istooniyaan. Xaaladda meelahaas oo ahayd halis ah: Caasinimadooda qaybta hoose ee dhowaad ma ahaa, laakiin ciidanka waxaa ka hortagga unugyada hoose ee naasiga ah. gangs yar oo si joogto ah ay weerareen guuto yar askar iyo dad rayid ah.

dhacdooyinka Istooniyaan

Sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ciyaarta soo galay "takhasus cidhiidhi ah" ee NKVD ah, habdhaqanka daandaansi ah burcadda si deg deg ah ka demo. In July 1941, kaliya guuto daba jog ka qaybgalay howlgal ee jasiiradda Virtsu ah, fuqa ay sabab u tahay oo ka mid ah counterattack Army Red. Sidoo kale hab la gabi ahaanba la burburiyay helay van a Jarmal. Ayaa Kipury burcadda badan adkaaday ururada pro-faashistihii ee dhiman. guuto daba jog ku lug leh hawlaha sirdoonka. Waxaan hore u soo sheegnay dhismaha, inay wax ka qabtaan "oo ku hadlaya magaca" ee Fleet bari, si ay u abaari booska ogaado ee Jarmalka leedahay diyaaradaha.

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii ay ugu dhiman isku guuto ka qaybqaatay dagaalkii ugu adkaa, gaashaamashada (ma toogtay), ciidamada Socda oo garaacday kooxda Jarmalka counter-attack. August 27 ahaa dagaal daran, inta lagu guda jiro taas oo dadkeena ayaa dhowr jeer soo horjeeda madax tuuray. Kaliya sabab u tahay iyagoo geesinimo suurto gurasho habaysan.

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalo, kuwaas oo lagu dilay in ka badan 60% ka mid ah shaqaalaha oo dhan unit caqabad ku, oo ay ku jiraan taliyayaal. Heshii, tani ma aha mid aad la mid ah image oo ka mid ah "komendacha fulaynimada ah" Qarinaysaan dambeeya askartii. Ka dibna, formation isla qaybqaatay dagaalka ka dhanka ah burcad Kronstadt.

Taliyaha Directive ee September 1941

Waa maxay sababta ay jirto sida magac xun qaybo ka daba jog ah? Waxa ay tahay in bishii September 1941 ayaa la calaamadeeyay by xaaladaha adag ee hore. Waxaa la oggol yahay in ay formation of unugyo gaar ah oo qaybo, kuwaas oo ay ku cadaato naftooda u noqon "deganayn". Just todobaadkii, dhaqanka this ayaa ku faafay hore oo dhan. Oo maxaan, waxaa jira xirma oo ka mid ah ciidamada NKVD toogtay kun oo nin oo aan waxba galabsan? Dabcan ma!

Hoos timaada Taliyaha Qaybta askartii, waxay ahaayeen baabuur hubaysan iyo qalabka culus. Hawsha ugu wayn - in ay ilaaliyaan nidaamka, qaybaha amarka caawimaad. xubnaha kooxood daafaca waxay xaq u leeyihiin in ay isticmaalaan hub military xaaladaha halkaas oo looga baahan yahay inay joojiso dib u gurasho ama la baabi'iyo ku Gilgili ugu xun. Laakiin kiiska waa dhif.

noocyada

Sidaas darteed, waxaa jiray laba cayn oo guuto: mid ka koobnayd ciidamada NKVD iyo kuwii goostay lagu qabto, iyo tan labaad - ha weeynaa cajiib. Arintaan lahaa dawlad weyn, sida ka kooban oo ka mid ah askarta, ma askari oo ka mid ah ciidamada gudaha. Oo xataa haddii ay taasi ku, xubnaha ay xaq u leeyihiin oo kaliya in ay fulinta Gilgili shakhsi! Qofna askar iyaga u gaar ah tirade ma toogan! Waxaa intaa dheer, haddii counterattack kiiska, kuwaas oo "kooxood daafaca xayawaanka" qaadeen gabada ka buuxa jidaynayey Xarakada gurasho habsami leh.

Natiijooyinka shaqada

Siidi by 1941, kuwaas oo qaybo ka mid (gaar ahaan distinguished 33 kooxood daafaca) ayaa xiray ku saabsan 657 364 oo qof. Si rasmi ah loo xiray 25.878 oo qof. Toogteen xukun ah 10 201 qof maxkamad-legdinta ah. All dhibcood back to hore soo diray.

door muhiim ah ka ciyaaray by guuto daba jog ee difaaca ee Moscow. Tan iyo unugyada dagaalka-diyaar u ah ilaalinta magaalada laftiisa si fudud u baahnaydeen, shaqaalaha ka mid ah askarta NKVD macno joogay premium a, waxay soo abaabulay difaaca karti. Xaaladaha qaarkood, guuto daba jog ah ayaa la abuuray on initiative ee maamulka deegaanka iyo hay'adaha fulinta sharciga.

July 28, 1942 daabacdaa heerka amarka caan № 227 NGOs. Waxa uu amar ku bixiyay in la sameeyo unugyo gaar ah ee gadaalka dambe ee qaybo ka deganayn. Sida kiiska hore, askartii lahaa xaq u leeyahay in la toogtay oo kaliya Gilgili iyo gaab qaarkood si iskood ah ay ka tegey oo dagaalka ku jira. Ciidamada ayaa la siiyey gaadiid oo dhan lagama maarmaan ah, in ay cutubka dhigay saraakiishii ugu awood. Waxaa sidoo kale jira ahaayeen guuto daba jog oo kala duwan oo ku saabsan heerka horyaalka.

Natiijooyinka colaad guuto 63aad

By bartamihii-October 1942 qotomiyey 193 askartii ciidamada. Waqtigaa waxay ku guulaysteen inay 140.755 Army Red qaban. Xiray ay ahaayeen 3980, iyaga ka mid ah, ayaa la toogtay in 1189 oo askari. ayaa inta kale oo dhanba u soo diray inuu shtrafchasti. meelaha Don iyo Stalingrad ahaayeen ugu daran, waxaa la diiwaangeliyey in la kordhiyo tirada xarigga. Laakiin tani - "walax". Waxa muhiim ah in qaybo ka mid ah waxay leeyihiin caawinaad dhab ah in ay saaxiibadood ee daqiiqado ugu muhiimsan ee dagaalka.

Sidaas qudhiisu kala duwanaayeen 63 kooxood daafac (53 Army), oo soo socda inuu gargaarka ee qaybo, kaas oo ahaa "seconded". Waxa uu ku qasbay Jarmalka si ay u joojiyaan weerarka. Maxaa gunaanad raaco ka this? Si caddaalad ah oo fudud.

Kaalinta oo ka mid ah xeryaha ku soo celinta amarka ahaa mid aad u sarreeya, ay sidoo kale ay awoodaan in ay dib ugu noqon inuu tirada horteeda badan ee shaqaalaha. Sidaas, mar ay lugta Division 29th, kaas oo garabka u suurtagashay in ay jebiso horumarinta taangiyada Jarmal ee argagaxa bilaabay u Dumayn. Filatov NKVD Sarreeye horseeday kooxdiisa si ay u joojiyaan wada iyaga oo leh ilaa ordaya in jagooyinka dagaalka socda.

In xaalad aad u adag oo ah daba jog ah, hoos amarka isla Filatov ayaa karti askari si xun u garaacayeen lugta Division u Dumayn, bilowga ugu horreeya ee dagaalka kula cadowga erupting, isaga qasbo u Dumayn.

Yay ahaayeen?

In xaaladaha muhiimka ah, askartii ma toogan ay difaaca u gaar ah oo wanaagsan loo soo abaabulay oo uu hogaaminayo weerarka is-. Tusaale ahaan, kiiska marka Division lugta 112-th, in dagaal culus ka dib markii ku dhawaad 70% (!) Of shaqaalahooda, helay amarka u Dumayn. Halkii, booska uu ka kafaaraggud Sarreeye xulka daafaca Khlystova qabtay jagada muddo afar maalmood ah, taas oo ka dhigaysa ilaa xoojiyo ah.

Kiis la mid ah - difaaca "eeyaha NKVD ah" station Stalingrad. In kasta oo ay size, taas oo aad uga liidataan Jarmal ah, ay yihiin dhowr maalmood si uu u qabto jagada iyo sugto hab ee Qaybta 10-aad lugta.

Sayidka, guuto daba jog ah - ". Fursadii ugu danbeysay" guuto of this Haddii raggii reer qaybta toosan sigan tago jagooyinka ay, xubnaha daba jog guuto furaysteen. Haddii unit a military xanbaarsan khasaaro culus oo dagaalka ku jira oo leh ciidamada ka xoogbadan, cadowga, "caqabadaha soo noq," ogolaanayo in ay dib u soo jiid iyo isu sii si ay ula dagaalamaan. Si fudud u gelin, guuto daba jog ah - this ciidan ee USSR ah, inta lagu guda jiro Battle of door ah "wereegeen" daafaca. Part ka kooban NKVD ah, iyo waxyaabo kale, waxaa lagu hawlan laga yaabaa in aqoonsiga ee wakiilada Jarmal iyo kuwii goostay qaadaan. Marka ay Shaqadiisii waa la dhammaystiray?

End of shaqada

Order taariikhaysan 29 October 1944 guuto daba jog ah ayaa la kala diray in Ciidanka Cas. Haddii shaqaalaha laga qoray qaybo toosan caadiga ah waxaa loo sameeyay xeryahooda la mid ah. Xarakada NKVD ayaa loo diray gaarka ah "kooxood duulaya" kuwaas oo hawl beegsaday qaadaan dambiilayaasha. Kuwii hore u lahaa dhowaad ma ahaa. Tan iyo shaqaalaha maraakiibta badan lagu soo qorteen ka ugu fiican (!) Ciidamo ka mid ah qaybaha ay, dadkan ayaa sidoo kale inta badan soo diray waxbarasho dheeraad ah si ay u sameeyaan laf cusub ee ciidamada Soofiyeedka.

Sidaas darteed, "ayuu bloodlust" ee qaybo ka mid ah sida - wax ka badan doqon iyo khatar quraafaad ah, taas oo dulmiyaan xusuusta kuwa dalka qabsaday ciidamada Nazi xoreeyay.