Shuqullada Gaar ahaan dhibaato Lermontov ee. Caan ka shaqeeya M. Yu. Lermontova

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov - Abwaan gaar ah. Waa adag tahay in la helo qof aan aqoon u leh shuqullada Lermontov. Liiska iyaga arrin badan, ka khadadka gabay, "Dhimashada gabayaa ah" iyo "Borodino" (bartay dugsiga) si ay u dhacdo weyn oo suugaanta Ruush ee qarnigii XIX ah - novel ah "A Hero of Our Time".

Haddii xukumay on abuurka, anigu ma aan rumaysan karo in qaddar ee isaga oo keliya 27 sano oo nolosha sii daayay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tayadiisa iyo xoogga saaraan hal-abuurka ayaa loo ogol yahay ma ninkan oo aan muddo dheer ku noolaan, laakiin nolosha dhalaalaya, si ay u noqdaan classic la aqoonsan yahay. Caan shuqullada Lermontov, sida muraayad, naftiisa, garashadiisii asalka ah ku xusan oo ka mid ah ka dhacay dunida oo aayahooda ka tarjumayaan.

Maxaad ka fili kartaa ka nin ee 1830 saadaaliyay markii la afgembiyey Emperor ee "sanad madow" ku? Bal yaa og sababta waqtiga uu dhintay (in xafiiltanka oo buuraha ka) si lama filaan ah jabsaday duufaan daran?

Pushkin iyo Lermontov ...

Waxa uu ahaa kii 1837, dhimashada Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina ka dib, "Abwaan koowaad ee Parnassus Ruush ah", siiyey salaysan si ay u dareemaan oo fahmaan oo dhan saffarro uu, in meeshan ma ahaa bannaan. Ma muddo dheer, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu ku qabtay ilaa xafiiltanka ka dilaa ah ee 1841. Gaar ahaan dhibaato shuqullada Lermontov ayaa lagu arkay by saffarro uu. Haddii Alexander Sergeyevich Vissarion Belinsky loo yaqaan "Abwaan ka mid ah dareemada hoose oo nafta", kuwaas oo fikirrada ugu horeysay ku dhashay qubeyska ka dibna rusheeyey galay bulshada, Mikhail Yurevich ah - gabayaa, a bulsho ahaan u janjeedha, inta badan qaadan, waayo, qalin sarkhaansan yihiin dhacdooyinka weyn ee Russia.

The shaqsiyad kala duwan ee Pushkin iyo Lermontov?

dunida Pushkin dhallinyarada Haddii la asaasay si caddaalad ah habboonaanta, xasiloonida bulshada inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Emperor Alexander I, siiyey sabab in aad ka fikirto Samo falku Boqortooyada ee, iyo in ay fikradahooda bulsho weyn Abwaan yimid oo kaliya in da'da hore, haddii kale kiiska la aragti ah Mikhail Yurevich. Waxaan ku siin fursad ay ku wada hadlaan arrimo gaar ah, maxaa yeelay, shuqullada Lermontov ee. Ka dib markii uu aqoonsi ayaa soo saartay hoos boqortooyada diktatoori ah Nicholas I. Halkii ah in la ogaado sababaha Ujeedada kuwaas oo keenay Square Senate Decembrists (oo macnaheedu yahay saameynta ay wax fasaadiya on bulshada Ruush ah serfdom iyo, sida, backwardness ku dhaqan-dhaqaale ee dalka), boqor-ayaa abuuray gendarme aan horay loo arag qaab cadaadis. Waxay ku saabsan tahay wada noolaanshaha a wareersan Lermontov qoray bulshada Ruush.

Ogaaday dibad kala duwan ka dhanka ah siyaasadaha socodnimo, diidmada awoodda dulli dadka - ayaa si gaar ah dhibaato xagga shuqullada Lermontov ee.

xilliga ugu horreeya ee hal-abuurka Lermontov

Hal-abuurka Lermontov loo qaybin karaa saddex marxaladood.

Muddada hore (ka 1828 si ay u 1832) waxa lagu gartaa dayashada cad ee George Gordon Byron. Waa la this British Lermontov weyn dareemay midnimada ruuxiga ah shakhsi.

Byron sameeyey gadaal Revolution Faransiis ah, waqtiga isbedelka xagjirka ah, soo bixitaankii iyo burburkii of Emperor Napoleon Gobolka. Abwaan Ruush - dhexeeya rabshado ficil-celinta ka dib markii xakamaynta ee kacdoonka ee Decembrists ah: wiilashii ugu fiican ee Fatherland ah ayaa lagu toogasho ah ku dileen, musaafuriyay, xabsi.

isku mid ah oo Lermontov iyo Byron

Labada gabayaaga midoobeen ruux caasi ah, Naf jaclaysi badan. Heshii, ma farxad theme in shuqullada Lermontov, ma hindiga ah xamaasad dhallinyarada in muddada hore ee hal-abuurka waa xukuma. Aan by fursad gabayaaga sheegnay isu barbar dhigi iyada iyo alaabtan oo u dhoofaysa dib shukaansi badda duufaanka (Lermontov - "Lone White dhoofnay ..." Byron - "naag Stanzas out of England").

Byron ayaa gabay (iyo sidoo kale shuqullada Lermontov), sida ay sifo iyaga lagu soo dhiibay by Belinsky, waa qaylo caawimaad hubka, laakiin uma qayshadaan baryayay iyo sniskhodyaschim. Mid ka mid ah waxay dareemi karaan si qoto dheer ee dareenkooda iyo silica ka mid ah gabayaa muwaadin, iyo rabitaan adeeein xoriyadda. Dayashada Rabbiga Byron, oo gabayaa ahaa ee xornimada, caawiyay Mikhail Yurevich bartaan inay si cad u qor, si dabiici ah captivating, dareen. Dhanka kale, ee isugu darey uu ogan qoto dheer Byron. Falanqaynta shuqullada Lermontov ee, kaas oo teedu Huda oo fikirka ah, waxay fursad si loo raad raaco ay lama huraanka ah khadadka British weyn. (- "Duma", Byron - "sheekaystaa Harold ee Xajka" Lermontov) Like Byron, nasiib daro wixii qalbigiisa ku jiray Qarni, la jajabiyey by cadaanyo in uu leeyahay mustaqbal ma uu qiimeeyay.

Mikhail, dabcan, barbaro in uu iska mawduucyada iyo sanamyadii, iyo ugu dambaysta la aqoon shuqullada mid ah gabayayaashiinnu kale oo waa weyn sida Goethe iyo Pushkin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa dhaxalka ee British weyn, waxa uu ma ahan oo keliya la kulmay, laakiin sidoo kale tarjumayaa ( "Hebrew Melody", "dhimashada Gladiator"). Intaas waxaa sii dheer, wax soo saarka si fiican u yaqaan xilliga Lermontov ka mid ah dayashada badan ( "Vision", "dayataan Byron," "Night").

At dhammaadka muddada this, Abwaan Jidka dayashada Classics Ingiriisi iman, oo waxaa xigi doona hab gabay isaga u gaar ah sii. On guul this ee uu shaqada, ayuu si cad u qoray: "Maya, Anigu ma ihi Byron, I - kale ah ..."

formation dheeraad ah gabayo doonista

Muddada labaad ee uu gabayada sida calaamad by in uu ku biiro St. Petersburg iyo galaya arday iyo awr dugsiga iyo calammadoodii. Habeeynimadii ee barashada cilmiga uu, uu ku qoray gabay ku xusan "dhoofnay", ka dibna uu hakad ku cad in uu shaqada. Oo siinayaa xaq u leeyahay inuu dhaleecayn suugaanta ku doodaya in shuqullada caanka Lermontov ee inta lagu guda jiro waxbarashada lama abuuray. Nin Young, daacad Nagi dhacday istuudiyaha Junker.

marka laga reebo waa, laga yaabee, maansadu "Waxaan, ee hooyada u ah Ilaah, hadda salaadda." Halkii la soo saaray, asxaabtiisa ka farxiya hussar 'codsatay' gabay ciidanka. Lermontov qoray arrin caadi rhymed kaftanka xeryaha, gabayadii garabka miiska iyo u muuqataa in mar dambe ma qabaa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, asalnimada ee laxanka iyo wada noolaanshaha, u ageegi wiilal iyo saxnimada of heesaha, akhriska iyo style sarbeebta ah, kuwaas oo shaaca ka qaaday falanqayn of Lermontov ee shuqullada muddadaas, waxay keeni in ay soo gunaanaday - gabayaa si buuxda u sameeyay ina hor. Iyo si ay u aqoonsadaan, waxaan u baahan nahay baaritaan dhab ah.

"Isaga oo talanti ayaa si lama filaan ah ka qarxay sida shumac ..."

Oo isla kaas dhacay dhacdo naxdin leh in ruxmay dabiiciga ah oo dhan Mikhail Yurevich. News, waxa kuweeda ka hussar taxadar la'aan tahay qalbiga muwaadin, wacdiya xaqnimada, waxaa ogeysiiyo dareensan dhimashada Pushkin. Lermontov bukay markii uu ku wargeliyay ku saabsan khasaaraha this. Isla mar ahaantaana waxa ay, kuwaas oo uu dareensan yahay masiibada ee Russia ay marayso, caroodeen in xudunta u ah, in xubno badan oo ka mid ah bulshada sare si ay ugu qiil gacankudhiiglaha Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina - Georges d'Anthes.

Background abuurka "Death of gabayaa"

Lermontov ahaa careysan oo "qadhaadh qalbiga," in uu yahay E.. Taasi dareemay on warqada ... Waxa ay ahayd version aan dhamaystirnayn oo sheyga shubay. Waxa aan weli la qoray 16 khadadka ... Laakiin marka Nikolai Stolypin (qaraabo dhinaca hooyaday), isagoo ku bilowday muran dadweynaha la Abwaan, wuxuu bilaabay in ay ka doodaan oo ay caddeeyaan in Dantes - ninkii istaahila oo kan maddiibad hufan dulqaadasho Lermontov ayaa daallan, oo wuxuu ku muujiyey qaraabo marinkii . Ka dibna waxaan u tegey inuu xafiiska, fadhiistay inuu miiska, iyo ... shubay dab ah, karbaash line ah: "iyo aad, oo durriyadii iskibriya ..."

Nacayb iyo jacaylka in shuqullada Lermontov marna ka dhawaajisay si adag! Waxa ay ahayd shaqo ah in la siiyey kicin Russia ... caddayn ee warkiisa ku xiro, ka dibna maxkamadda.

tixraaca ugu horeeyay ee Caucasus

Power ku salaysan unug gendarmerie ( "dharka buluuga ah"), ayaa muddo dheer kaga cadhaysiiyeen shuqullada Lermontov ee. List of muwaadiniinta aan lagu kalsoonaan karin si cad u qoran magiciisa. Haddaba ficil caddeeyeen in aan ka machinations qarsoon gendarmerie ee uu xafiiltanka dilaa la Martynov.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaan hore u orday dood ay ... ha noo 1937 ku soo laabto, si dareen mas'uuliyiinta 'in maansadu "Death of gabayaa." Nicholas rogaal waan necbaaday Lermontov iyo shakhsi garaysan darnaanta cadaabka fidin.

Mikhail lagu wareejiyay in ay u adeegaan ee Caucasus. Waxay ahayd link koowaad ee Abwaan, taas oo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, in dadaalka ayeeyday iyo xiriirka iyada iftiinka u mahad ayaa si weyn u yarayn oo soconayay oo keliya dhawr bilood.

"Laylis" iyo "jinku"

Halkan bilaabmaa muddo saddexaad oo hanad hal abuur leh. dareenkaa u helay by dabeecadda cajiib ah oo buuraha ka muuqataa in qoraalladii xiga ee Abwaan. Sababo la link Lermontov dhallinyarada Ruush horusocod ah ayaa soo socda weyn. Markii uu St. Petersburg ku soo laabtay, ee waxaa lagu qurxiyo ee uu qoondeeyey doorka libaax bulshada. qadhaadhka wxbarashada doondooneen gabayada. Mikhail abuurtaa a "laylis" iyo "jinku". geesiyaal New shuqullada Lermontov ee, waxyiga ku reebaya of Caucasus ee soo jiidata akhristaha uu heybad, rabitaan xoriyadda iyo si kaamil ah ruuxa.

About gabay "Mtsyri" ...

In sheekada shaqeeya maxaabiis Georgians Circassian laylis ka dhigaysa dhiirato ah oo doonaya in ay ka baxsadaan, oo in saddex maalmood ah isku dayaya in ay ka hesho raacdadii uu iska. Oo urta uu afraad, daalan, dhimashuu u dhowaa waa kan, laakiin sarkhaansan xorriyadda, dib u dhiibay - in guri keniisad ah.

Belinsky rumeysan yahay in image Mtsyri akhristaha bilaabmaa si ay u dhawraan dhibaatooyin gaar shuqullada Lermontov ee. Tani image suugaanta awood badan oo isku xidhan oo ah nin dhallinyaro ah oo ka soo cararey "saacad daran", "duufaan", markii kuwii kale oo dhan, ku baabba'een cabsi, waxay ahaayeen "meeshii allabariga hoosteeda", laakiin waqti isku mid ah "hoos dhulka yaalay," xaq ku jira in middani ay u dulfuulan ah, bi'isaa , jawiga bulshada iyo siyaasadda cadaadis of Russia ee bilowgii qarnigii XIX ah.

Falanqaynta shuqullada Lermontov ayaa, sida laga soo xigtay naqdiya suugaanta Belinsky, in qayb ka mid muujineysa images dhexe ee shakhsiyadda Abwaan ay.

khadad cadcad oo ah laxanka la tumay tetrameter iambic gabay "Mtsyri", muhiimad ah dhammaato jiib rag ah, waxa ay ka tarjumaysaa labada Xoolo ah sawirada dunida ka baxsan, iyo farabadan oo dhan dareenka ninkii: quusan, dareen, go'aan liicliicashola'aan, jacayl, murugo tur. In Gabaygaan gaar arkay sida ujeedada sifo jabkii in shuqullada tahay Lermontov ah.

Lermontov ee "jinku"

Tani theme of go'doomin shakhsiyadda hal abuur helaa dhinaca horumarinta macquul ah in image ee Jinni, geesiga eponymous of maansadu Lermontov. Doorashada image dhexe ee alaabta muujinaysaa lifaaqa in ay dareen nafsaani ah iyo bulsho gaar ah. Wuxuu ma aha oo kaliya by dabiicad ahaan ka soo horjeeda oo ka mid ah qiyamka fasalka talada haya, laakiin waa "oo ahaa boqorkii dalka garaadka iyo xorriyadda." Waxaa Mikhail dhigeysa mucaaradka Arab-dhalinyarada qarnigii XIX shakhsiyadda dulli mishiinka gobolka. this muujinayo, waxaana aan la hadlayo oo kaliya oo ku saabsan jabkii in shuqullada Lermontov.

Waxaa horay u socoto in maansadu qoraaga falsafada, xaqiijinta baaluq in dayriyo neceb wax walba oo la xiriira amarka dunida la taaban karo, waa khatar ah, waxa ay keenaysaa in ay wax aan waxba tarayn iyo barxadda gudaha. Dhibaatada Lermontov ee "jinku" waa in ay iyaga bedeli qiimaha weligeed ah "jacaylka, wanaag iyo qurux" images, hadayana jirin sidii wax u ay. Sida ilaa hadda waa ka dadka! Duniduna waxay gudaha u muuqataa isaga in badan oo ka muhiimsan yahay "xanuun privations, hawshootay iyo dhibaatooyinka badnaa aadanaha." Tani waxay keenaysaa in dhibaato shucuureed, iyo sida natiijo ah - in dhimashada uu sayidaddeedii - Tamara, raacay khudbado jinku "waxaa ka buuxa lay jirrabayay." Jinku isaga qudhiisa, iyo sidoo kale in la gabar la kulmaan, waxaa laga abuuray shisheeye inay ku abuurto murugo iyo ka qaybgalka.

Falanqaynta shuqullada Lermontov ee dambe ku qoran, wariyaasha ay muujinaysaa ballaarinta miyir, si ay u maal iyaga in, sidaas darteed, in ka marag furaa in horumar ah ee qofku shakhsiyadiisu.

Jacaylku waa in shuqullada Lermontov

theme The jacaylka in shuqullada Lermontov codadka ay dureri dhexdeeda iyo badani-naxdin leh. Nasiib darro, shakhsiyadda ee Mikhail Yurevich ayaa ka tagay qorid culus jacaylkiisa xiliyo for Varenka Lopukhina. Halkee kale, yar-piece nin dhallinyaro diiday, raadinta Yeesheen hamiday ka duwan, Lermontov ahaa muhiim - "! Dhan ama waxba". Oo intii ka hadhay Barbara saaxiibkiis daacad iyo waji furnaan, la-taliyaha, laakiin gabayaa, dabcan, waan ka badan doonayay ...

Siidi by gabay Lermontov ee jacaylka - iftiin, sare, laakiin waa xiliyo. Sidaa darteed, sharaxaad ka mid ah shuqulladii Lermontov ee naqdiya suugaanta kala duwan iyagii ku hoggaamiyey inay soo gunaanaday isla waayo, kaasu waa - gabayaa ee jacaylka iyo murug. Xataa in shuqullada falsafadeed ee Mikhail Yurevich, tusaale ahaan, in gabayga "Duma" waxaa laga helaa sabab u ah jacayl. Iyo xataa qaar ka mid ah - kaamil! oo kaliya in ay luuq ee aayadda Dhegayso, "Oo aan necbahay oo aan jeclahay by fursad ..."

ayeeyo u ahaanaysaa Abwaan yaa og yahay in ka badan qof, ayaa ogaaday dabeecad gaar ah oo uu awow inay dareen this - kaamil ah, oo aan semitones. Gabayaaga ayaa waxaa ka dhaadhacsan in ay jirto "nolosha kale", iyo nin isaga qudhiisa waxaa markii hore abuuray nolosha aura ee farxad iyo rayrayn. Sida laga soo xigtay uu aaminsan yahay, jacaylka runta ah dhulka ma noqon karo, waa inay noqdaan u dhiganta Naciimo weligeed ah. Heroes shuqullada Lermontov ee, xataa jacayl, jacayl ku ammaaneen sarreeyo ego ( "Anigu idinkama liito innaba in aan ahay").

Gaar ah waa fasiraadda fikirka ah farxad Mihailom Yurevichem. Noocan oo kale ah qeexid, laga yaabee, kaliya waxa ay ku siin karaan ... akhristaha maskax leh oo daneyneysa in theme farxad shuqullada Lermontov ee, ay heli doonaan in ay "Hero of Our Time", "Happiness waa kibir ah u xoog!" Ereyadan Abwaan fahamsan yahay gobolka this qofka marka ay farxad iyo murug maal kale.

Uu wanaagsanaanta ayaa abuuray style gaar ah Lermontov ee gabayada jacaylka - si looga hortago kuwa kaamilka everydayness cirro abuuray dunida khayaali ah Abwaan. Waa fikrad this hal abuur loo arki karaa in gabayga "Sonnet", "Valerik".

gunaanad

Features of shuqullada Lermontov ka tarjumaan shuqulkiisa Epoch-samaynta. Waxaa la soo sheegayaa sida hal abuur leh, miisaan fikirka siyaasadda ee cadaadinta by Emperor Nicholas I. fuliyay

Khadadka Lermontov ee ku jira iyo inkiraad xukuumadda hadda jirta, iyo shakhi Dhab ahaan xanuun badan oo ku saabsan mustaqbalka ee Russia. images gaar ah (characters) waa in shuqullada Lermontov, sidaas darteed, si adag u hadlayay, la abuuro of this calaamad Ruush classic bilaabmaa.

Isla mar ahaantaana u saameeyaa si qoto dheer ee wacyi Abwaan 27-sano jir ah oo adduunka ah, oo halkan - noocyo kala duwan oo mawduucyo of Lermontov: shakhi on qaddar ee ka ab, ciirsi la'aan iyo kibirka, ma wadaninimo iloowsiiyo, xiriirka dhibaato ka mid ah gabayaa iyo bulshada.

Uu aqoonsiga asalka ah iyo kuwa aan caadiga ah ayaa oo weli qarsoon.