-gud kasta - waa decoration la yaab leh oo ah meeraha Earth

noocyada magalo iyo gud - noocyada yahay mid kasoo horjeeda midba midka kale ku hoygii. Magaca hadlaayo: ἔνδημος ka Greek turjumay ka dhigan tahay "maxalliga". hawlaha muhiimka ah ee dhirta iyo ugaarta in meel kasta oo ay ku egtahay yeedhay endemism.

Halkee ay ku nool yihiin

dhirta gud, sidoo kale xayawaanka-gud, shimbiraha, cayayaanka, sida caadiga ah laga helay kasta oo ka mid ah dooxada si xigtaa ah, oo lamadegaanka ama jasiiradaha Oceanic. Waxaan dhihi karnaa in gud hodan ku ah meelo aan xidhiidh dheer noolaha wakiilada oo ka mid ah dhirta iyo ugaarta dalalka kale. Tani, tusaale ahaan, Madagascar, Hawaii, jasiiradda of St. Helena.

In dhagax ah cidlada Namib ee Africa koraa dhirta oo aan caadi ahayn mirabilis Welwitschia - Welwitschia la yaab leh, waa sida wiifto ah ka soo baxay oo cammuudda qalalan hanfi biyo gantaal ah gaaban socotada la yaab leh quruxda aan la filayn.

Old iyo cusub

Meelaha, taas oo aad ka heli karto gud - waxa aan la si adag xadiday xaddiga meel bannaan, waxay noqon karaan kuwo waaweyn. wicitaanada sayniska-gud iyo noocyada sida dhirta iyo xayawaanka in ay yihiin caadi ah in wax kasta oo ka mid ah qaaradda ama qayb ka mid dhanba. Tusaale ahaan, inta badan geedaha eucalyptus sii kordhaya ee Australia iyo New Zealand, mid ka mid ah noocyada geedka this waxaa laga helaa oo kaliya ee Philippines. wax la mid ah ku dhacay nooc gaar ah softwood - Metasequoia (glyptostroboides Metasequoia), kaas oo u koraan kartaa ilaa soddon mitir ee height. Waxay waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay bakhtiyeen dhulka ka, laakiin dhexe ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay, saynisyahano laga helay dhirta kaynta buurta gobolka Sichuan ee kuwa. Markaas Metasequoia laga helay qaar ka mid ah meelo xaddidan oo ka Northern Hemisphere ee. Khubarada ayaa sheegaya in tani ay tahay gud - waa ka wakiil ah noocyada qadiimiga ah, kaas oo si sax ah loo yaqaan paleoendemikom. In la barbardhigo, waxaa jira ee neoendemics wax-u - noocyada cusub kici meelaha go'doonka ah.

Oo ku nool biyaha cad ee Lake Baikal

Soo baxday in ka badan 25 milyan oo sano ka hor, jidhkaaga oo biyo nadiif ah ugu qotada dheer caan ku tahay tiro badan oo ah noocyada-gud. Khubarada ayaa lagu ogaaday in dadka deggan kasta oo saddexaad oo badda - waa-gud. Tani kalluunka (Baikal sculpin, golomyanka, Cisco), crustaceans (amphipod), xawayaanka (buushka Baikal).

Lake Baikal faanaa seal a biyaha saafiga ah heer sare, kaas oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan shaabad Baikal ah. Tani noocyada-gud waxaa laga helaa qaybaha waqooyi iyo kuwa dhexe ee u gudubno. seal Baikal hibernates in Burrows ka yar baraf ama barafka, iyaga miyusiimka godad hawo gaar ah - godad hawada. Cilmi-waxay aaminsan yihiin in shaabaddii fuuleen Baikal ka Ocean Arctic dhex maray waqooyiga Yenisei River iyo River Angara ee Age Ice ah.

Mala'igtu casri ah

Waxaa ka mid ah xayawaanka kale ugu caansan-gud la odhan karaa waa ciidamada Marsupials iyo Oviparous. paleoendemiki ugu da'da weyn sidoo kale loo yaqaan fossils nool. Ka mid ah culimada kuwaas oo loo aqoonsaday koox ka mid ah ku dhowaad bakhtiyeen Crossopterygii. The baalal oo ka mid ah wakiilo ka socda boqortooyada biyaha kaalinta on garbaha muruqa. Maanta, ku-baarka oo kaliya Crossopterygii loo soo ban 1938 kalluunka-gud u yeedhay coelacanth ah. Mid ka mid ah noocyada of this nolosha kalluunka ee xeebta koonfureed iyo bariga Afrika, oo kale - dhow jasiiradda of Sulawesi ee Indonesia.

noocyada-gud badan oo ku qoran Kitaabka Cas. iyaga ka mid ah - badda go'aya seal Caspian. In kulaale, ka macaques South West Indian Woody nool lvinohvosty, kaas oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan iyaga Vander on Earth ma jiraan in ka badan laba kun iyo badh ah. Mid ka mid ah noocyada ugu nugul xoolaha on diin angonoka meeraha loo magacaabay.

Erayga "-gud" oo uu leeyahay macnaha dadban, waxaa mararka qaarkood tusaale ahaan u isticmaasho marka uu ka hadlayo dhaqama kala duwan, taas oo qaadan meel kooxda kaladuwan, diinta, ama wax kasta oo degaanka kale.