Formula kiimikada ee glycerol. The formula dhismaha iyo kelli

The fudud khamriga polyhydric, kuna waari dhexdeeda, waxaa jira saddex kooxood OH, - glycerol. formula ee xeryahooda noocan ah guud ahaan, - CnH2n - 1 (OH) 3. Si aad si fiican u fahmaan guryaha iyo isticmaalka of glycerin iyo homologues ay, ka fiirsan noocyo kala duwan oo ka mid ah xeryahooda qaaciidooyinka, mid kasta oo la isticmaalo xaaladaha qaar.

Qoondaynta oo isku waydaarsanayeen of glycerols

In alcohols chemistry organic - yihiin walxaha ka soo jeeda Consort. Qayb ka mid ah atamka hydrogen ee Britain ee la bedelay mid ka mid ah ama ka badan kooxaha hydroxy. Alcohols ku kala duwan yihiin tirada kooxaha OH (mancaha, qaybsamaa, polyhydric). Xubnaha hoose ee fasalka kula tirada atamka carbon 1 ilaa 12 - walxaha dareere ah, sare - adkaha. Alkantrioly, ama glycerol - a alcohols trihydric kooban ee ay ka kooban saddex hydroxyl la xiriira saddex atamka carbon kala duwan. Xeryahooda ka tirsan kooxdan muujiyaan guryaha amphoteric, ay sabab u tahay saameynta ay labada dhinac ka mid ah kooxaha hydroxy iyo xagjirka ah.

The alkantriolov fudud wakiilka - 1,2,3-propanetriol (micne - glycerin). Formula walax - C ₃ H ₈ O _3. Magac-nidaamsan ku lug magacood ha soo qaadina of alkane u dhigma erayga "triol", isticmaalka tiro Carabi, la qeexo mawqifka kooxda OH ah. Tirintii ee u taagoo la homologs of glycerol ka ugu dhow in ay dhamaadka hydroxyl silsiladda. Macquulka ah noocyada isomeric dhismeedka of silsilad carbon ah, booska oo ka mid ah kooxaha hydroxy indhaha.

Furitaanka of glycerol

farmashiistaha Swedish Karl Scheele ee 1779 ayaa markii ugu horeysay ka saponification ee dufanka helay a walax cusub syrupy. 33 sano ka dib M. France Chevreul magacaabay glycerin macaan dareere ah.

Walxaha kiimikada ee Peluso aasaasay 1836. kaalin muhiim ah in daraasad ah ee qaab-dhismeedka sameeyey Berthelot (1854) iyo Wurtz (1857), si ay u baaraan sii glycerol. formula kelli iyo dabiicadda mitidka ah ee loo ogol yahay si ay u fuliyaan glycerin in la xadido khamriga.

Baahida loo qabo glycerol ayaa u kordhay tan iyo 1847, markii la furay Ester nitric. Injineer Swedish A. Nobel ee 1875 suurtagashay in ay hesho adigoo isticmaalaya waxyaabaha qarxa glycerine - miinada.

The Halabuurka, qaab-dhismeedka iyo formula glycerol hoose

Halabuurka The hoose diiwaanka arrinta ku beegan tahay run, iyo guud formula taaban karo ee glycerol - C ₃ H ₈ O _3. silsilad carbon wuxuu leeyahay seddex atamka, mid kasta oo la xidhiidha koox hydroxy. Calaamooyinka Kiimikada loogu yeero walxaha ku jira atamka: C - carbon, O - oxygen, H - hydrogen. glycerol Curiska fikiri qaaciidooyinka kala duwan (kelli, dhismaha). Si balaadhan looga isticmaalo daraasadda maalkii iyo sharosterzhnevye hannaankii hemispherical. Laba dhinac-cabbir ah dhismayaasha iyo saddex dhinac-cabbir abuuray by yahay ee Qaabaynta computer - image ah aan ollogga ah ee Britain ee glycerol. Waxay kuu ogolaanaysa inaad arki qaab dhismeedka, booska qaraabo iyo masaafada, xagal bond dhexeeya atamka.

mass kelli iyo gaws ee glycerol

By formula kelli waxaa laga heli karaa oo mass gaws, boqolkiiba xubno in walxaha. Waayo, xisaabinta loo baahan yahay in la isticmaalo qiimaha oo ka mid ah dadweynaha qaaradda xubno lagu taxay jadwalka ku wareegsan. formula waaqiciga ah ee glycerol: C ₃ H ₅ (OH) _3. By tarmo miisaankiisu qaaradda (in a. E. M.) Of element kasta ay tirada atamka, raaceen by sii dheer ee qiimaha heli ka heli doontaa kelli (Mr) iyo gaws ee (M) of mass. Waayo, nooca xisaabinta si fudud loo isticmaali glycerol formula guud - C ₃ H ₈ O _3.

• Ar (H) = 1.00794; tirada atamka ee Britain - 8.
• Ar (C) = 12.0107, atamka - 3.
• Ar (G) = 15,9994; atamka - 3.
• Mr (C ₃ H _{8 3 O) = 12.0107 * 3 + 1.00794} * 8 + 15.9994 * 3 = 92.09382 iyo sidoo. e. m.
• M (C ₃ H ₈ O ₃₎ = 92.09382 g / mol /
• Boqolkiiba xubno in walxaha Britain: H - 8,756% S - 39,125% O - 52,119%.

The buuxa iyo caanaha dhismaha ee glycerol

Halabuurka The ee arrinta iyo kelli fikiri formula buuxa iyo guud, laakiinse iyagu ma ay tusin heshiis ee atamka taas oo ka duwan glycerol. The formula iyo model computer dhismaha fiican haboon barashada qaabka Britain ee, bonds u dhexeeya atamka.

• formula A qumman ee glycerol - C ₃ H ₅ (OH) _3. From ka kooban ee u taagoo la aqoonsaday oo ku dhejisaa parentheses kooxaha functional OH. Isla markii qaws xiritaanka muujinaysaa tirada kooxaha hydroxyl in Britain ay.
• view Polurazvernuty formula buuxa - HOCH ₂ CH (OH) CH ₂ OH (glycerol).
• Formula Dhismayaasha garaaf ahaan waxay muujinaysaa meesha uu Britain ka. Xariqin dhexeeya atamka wakiil bonds kiimikada.
• Qaab dhismeedka Lewis ka kooban dhibco ka dhigan electrons valence ah iyo lamaane ka qayb formation bond.

Qaar ka mid ah noocyada taagoo image mashquulin meel bannaan oo badan, sidaa darteed inta badan isticmaasho formula ee loo soo gaabiyo, tus, HOCH ₂ -CHOH-CH ₂ OH, iyo qaab-dhismeedka lafaha:

atamka Xaaladda in Britain glyceryl ah

Hydroxyl - walxaha kala horjeeda, ka sokow oxygen ayaa labo ka mid kaliya ee electrons. Joogitaanka saddex kooxood hydroxyl keenaysaa in kala fogaansho dheeraad ah ee H O. atamka Carbon u muuqataa kharash qayb ahaan "+" fududeynta bedelay nucleophilic of hydroxyl. Dhegyadii of Halabuurka iyo qaab-dhismeedka, taas oo ka tarjumaysa formula dhismaha of glycerin, waxa xaqiijiyay guryaha oo ah walaxda. Xarunta Tani waxa lagu gartaa bonds hydrogen badan - xiriir ka badan daciif ah. Glycerol leeyahay guryaha acid more fahmayaan, marka la barbar dhigo ethanol iyo propanol. Waxaa ka mid ah walaac ugu weyn ee taagayo trioleate glycerol. formula:

• fudud - C ₅₇ H ₁₀₄ O _6;
• polurazvernutaya buuxa - (C ₁₇ H ₃₃ qaboobaan) ₃ C ₃ H _5;
• xubno buuxa la dhismaha iyo lafaha -

glycerol Imaansho

Heerkulka qolka, 1,2,3-propanetriol - dareere jaalle ah midab ama cirro, ur, dhadhan macaan. Bedesheen dhalaalayaa marka heerkulku hooseeyo glycerin at heerkul ah 17,8 ° C. walax karkaraya raacay by uumi ka bilaabantaa 290 ° C. Glycerol wax yar ka culus yahay biyo, xisaabinta mugga ay at 20 ° C edbiyey qiimaha a of 1,2604 g / cm3.

Guryaha ee 1,2,3-propanetriol

formula kiimikada ee glycerol ma bixiso macluumaad ku saabsan nooca xarunta amphoteric. guryaha acidic iyo aasaasiga ah daciif ah walxaha la xiriira saameynta ay atamka muuqaalada ee Britain ayaa ku, kala fogaansho ee kooxda G-H. In joogitaanka glycerol waxaa ka jawaabay ah alkali hydroxide, copper (II), heli midab buluug ah oo adag (mid ka mid ah dareen diidmo oo tayo leh). Iyada oo acids cadaanyo glycerol dhammaanaysaa formation of esters. Ficil khamriga a trihydric la acid nitric in joogitaanka H ₂ SO ₄ (conc.) Waxa uu ku hogaamiyay in ay formation of nitroglycerin.

Marka guriga, ka dufanka iyo saliida la isticmaalayo glycerol, khamriga ethyl iyo maaddooyinka kale waa saabuun diyaar. habka cunto karinta wuxuu u baahan yahay taxadir kululaynta mass on qubeyska biyaha ah, hab hal abuur leh si ay doorashada ka mid ah qaybaha iyo qaababka for saabuun samaynta badeecada diyaar.

Glycerin iyo taagayo ay waxaa loo isticmaalaa in enamels, rinjiga, dawooyinka badan, musqusha. Waxaa ku jira macaaneeye in cuntooyin kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan alaabta la dubay. Magaca Caalamiga ah ee macaaneeye iyo iidaan ee macmacaanka - E422. Oo ay la socdaan alcohols kale, iyo esters dufan acid, glycerin waxaa loo tixgeliyaa sida shidaalka bedelka iman kara oo ka soo jeeda batroolka. Hababka kharash-ool ah ee la isticmaalayo noocyo cusub ee biodiesel shidaalka baabuurta ka beddeli doonaa waaxda caalamiga ah ee gaadiidka. Hagaajinta xaaladda deegaanka ee dhaqaalaha adduunka si loo yareeyo ku tiirsanaanta saliidda iyo gaaska.