Dhuumaha gaaska "Blue Stream": xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

"Blue Stream" - waa ugu weyn ee guud ahaan dhuumaha gaaska Badda Madow, kaas oo shidaalka waxaa bixisey ka Russia si ay Turkey. Waxaa la dhisay by laanta Dutch ee OOO "Gazprom" BV iyo Talyaani "Eni" oo noqday hawl-2005. Qayb ka mid ah dhuumaha dhulka Turkish gacanta shirkadda tamarta maxaliga ah BOTAS. Under control ee inta kale ee Ruushka. Ujeedada ugu weyn oo ka mid ah "Blue Stream" - in ay ballaadhiyaan gaarsiinta gaaska Ruush Turkiga, Goldogob dalalka saddexaad.

History of abuurka

Diyaarinta mashruuc dhuumaha gaaska bilaabay 1997. Bishii December, Russia iyo Turkey saxiixay heshiis Urur dhismaha channel xeebta. Isla mar ahaantaana, "Gazprom" ayaa shirkadda BOTAS qiyaas shan iyo labaatan heshiis for sahayda shidaalka ku heshiiyeen. Bishii Febraayo 1999, is la saxiixay ka dhexeeya Ruushka iyo kooxda Talyaaniga, sidoo kale laanta Dutch waxaa la aasaasay.

Dhismaha ee "Blue Stream" waxaa fuliyey ee 2001-2002. qaybta Offshore waxaa la dhisay by shirkadda Talyaani Saipem, iyo dalka Ruush - "Stroytransgaz". "Blue Stream" bilaabeen in ay ka shaqeeyaan February 2003. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay sabab u tahay khilaafka u dhexeeya Russia iyo Turkey ka badan qiimaha shidaalka xaflada furitaanka rasmiga ah ee saldhiga Electricity-gaas Darusu maray kaliya September 17, 2005. Waxaa goob joog ka ahaa Madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin, wasiirada Ra'iisul Turkey iyo Italy.

sifooyinka Technical dhuumaha gaaska

"Blue Stream" waxay bilaabeen inay ku shaqeeyaan awoodda buuxda ee 2010. Its awoodda dhex yahay 16 bilyan oo mitir oo saddex jibbaaran. oo dhererkeedu wuxuu tirada guud ee "Blue Stream" - 1213 kilomitir. Qaybta Ruush bilaabmaa warshad samaysa gaaska Izobilnoye soo socda si Stavropol iyo dhamaado gobolka Krasnodar ee. xadka Large tiriyaa Turkey - 444 km. The tuubooyinka kala cayncayn ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa ballaciisu kala duwan: qaybtii dalka - 1400 milimitir, buurta - 12000, Guinea - 610. Cadaadiska gaadho 25 MPA. "Blue Stream" dhuumaha waxaa loo arkaa ugu qotada dheer ee adduunka. Waxaa waddaa on 2.2 kiiloomitir ka hooseysa heerka dhulka.

In 2014, Turkey iyo Russia heshiis ku saabsan kor u qaadidda awoodda 3 bilyan oo mitir oo saddex jibbaaran gaadhay. Sidoo kale, dib u eegis ah ee qiimaha shidaalka ayaa la fuliyay.

Maalgelinta iyo dhib ugu horeysay

"Blue Stream" - waa mashruuc hami. Uu horumarka dhabta ah bilaabay sanadkii 1987, markii Turkey bilaabay inuu ka USSR ka soo dhoofsadaan saliid. Markii hore, lacagta ahaa 0.5 bilyan oo mitir oo saddex jibbaaran, ayaa maanta waxa uu ku koray in 34 jeer. dhismahan - taasi waa mashruuc aad u hami. Dhibaatooyinka bilaabay in Marxaladda koowaad, sidaa darteed waxaa la bilaabay dib u dhac ah oo saddex sano. Qiimaha guud ee dhismaha dhuumaha lacag si ay 3.2 bilyan oo doolar. Waxa uu lacag si wadajir ah by kooxda Turkish iyo Ruush. Qorshahaa waxa ka mid ah qaybta la olloga ah US $ 1.7 billion of ayaa qaatay.

Isla markii la bilaabay dhuumaha gaaska, kooxda Turkiga sheegtay in ay diyaar u tahay inay qaadato tiro sida shidaalka ma aha. Si looga hortago failure mashruuca, Ruushka qiimo dhimis ah oo ay go'aansatay in ay ka gooyay sahay. Laakiin muran this siima uu joogin soo afjaro. In 2004, Vladimir Putin lahaa in ay soo fara iyo xitaa in la yareeyo qiimaha heerka dhalmada ee wadada Bulgarian.

Dhuunta "Blue Stream 2"

Mashruucu waa jid weyn oo cusub oo markii ugu horaysay la soo jeediyay ee 2002. Madaxweynaha Ruush Vladimir Putin oo Ra'iisul-wasaaraha Turkiga Recep Tayyip Erdogan wada hadleen dhismaha line labaad oo dheeraad ah ee dhuumaha jira isticmaalaya link Samsun-Keyhen iyo laamaha ee Koonfurta Bari ee Europe. Horumarinta ee mashruuca ayaa xoojiyey ka dib markii go'aanka ka mid ah shanta dal si ay u bilaabaan dhismaha ah "Nabucco". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa ugu dhakhsaha badan noqday hadal heynta badnaa ee mashruuca la ballaariyo hoos magaca "South Stream". dhuumaha cusub si toos ah u Bulgaria iyo Russia xirmaan lahaa. Laakiinse haatan wuu barafoobay sababta oo ah sii xumaanaysa ee xiriirka la Ukraine.

In 2009, Vladimir Putin, sida ra'iisul wasaaraha jeediyay jid oo waddaa isku midka ah in ay "Blue Stream" hoos Badda Madow, iyo sii jidkiisa ka soo Samsun in Keyhen. Meeshaas ayuu ka qaadi kara gaaska dabiiciga ah in Suuriya, Liibiya, Israa'iil iyo Cyprus. Si aad u taariikhda, mashruucan uu yahay mid kaliya oo wax ku aragti long-range, mid ka mid ah xaalada uu weli cusbooneysiisaa.

Ilaalinta deegaanka

Dhismaha ee "Blue Stream" ayaa la xidhiidha dibad baaxad weyn oo envayrontamentalistov. Laakiinse iyagu ma ay saamayn wayn ku yeelan habka aan lahayn, sida rasmiga ah qiimaynta raadka ay deegaanka tusay yar ah in ay iyada la haybsooco. Dhismaha waxaa sii waday, la bilaabay mashruuca ayaa cadeeyay in aanay jirin sababo dhab ah walaac. Laakiin qiyaasaha oo dhammu waa muran, sababtoo ah dhammaan dhinacyada tahay mid aad u xiiso ay ku shaqaynayaan. Waxaa intaa dheer, imtixaanka oo dhan la sameeyaa inta badan Russia, kaas oo ah "Blue Stream" waa muhiim istiraatiiji ah, gaar ahaan ka dib markii sii daridda ah ee xidhiidhka ay la leeyihiin Ukraine oo la qaboojiyay "durdur Southern". In kasta oo ay dhacdo xadgudubyada cad ee dhinaca American ma ku guuldareysatay in ay soo fara.

gobolka hadda

dhuumaha gaaska "Blue Stream" - mashruuc oo waa in ay ku salaysan iskaashiga istaraatiijiyadeed ee u dhexeeya Russia iyo Turkey qaybaha tamarta iyo gaadiidka. Jira line gaadiidka maraya Ukraine, Moldova, Romania iyo Bulgaria. shidaalka gaadiidka kalen ka dhigaysa in ay ka qaalisan, waxaa jiray cabashooyin badan oo ku saabsan tuugada ah ee wadamada uu, in dhulka ah oo uu ku orday.

Laakiin tan iyo bilowgii of shaqaynaya oo ka mid ah mashruuca "Blue Stream" ayaa dhibaatooyin, oo ay ku jiraan in Russia. Sida ka muuqatay by imtixaanada by Chamber Accounting ka dhigay, shirkadda Talyaaniga ka faa'ideystay nepolagayuschimisya faa'iidooyinka iyada. Tani, dabcan, ayaa sababay dhaawaca in miisaaniyadda gobolka. Khubarada ku qiyaasay in 2003 oo keli ah waxa ay lacag US $ 1 billion.

Dhibaatooyinka iyo Rajooyinka

Mabda 'horeysay Ruush ku lug leh dhismaha dhuumaha gaaska ka yar Badda Madow. Mid ka mid ah gool siyaasadda dejiya Bannaanka "Blue Stream", waxaa loo baahnaa in ay ka gudbaan tartanka ee gaaska qaada in Europe. dalka kaas oo dagaalka oo dhan - waa Turkey. "Blue Stream" waxaa diiradda lagu saaray dhulkeeda, iyo sidoo kale mashruuca soo socda. Horeba November 1999, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Azerbaijan iyo Georgia saxiixay heshiis Urur wadada Trans-Caspian. Ka dib markii dhawr bilood ah oo ku saabsan mashruucan koox ka mid ah shirkadaha keentay Genaral Electric iyo Royal Dutch Shell. Laakiin khilaafaadka ka kacay, si dhismaha la joojiyay labada dhinac u dhaxeeya.

Si aad u taariikhda, inkastoo dhaleeceyn ka Maraykanka, "Blue Stream" waxay ahayd muhiimadda istiraatiiji ah, oo ku tiirsanaanta Europe ee gaaska Ruush waa fadhiya.