Dhismaha iyo shaqada pituitary ee

The pituitary qanjirka, dhismaha iyo shaqooyinka oo laga wada hadli doonaa ka dib, waa xubin ka mid ah habka hormoonada jidhka ah. qayb Waxa 3 marka la isku daro. Ha ka fikiro si aynu maxay yihiin hawlaha qanjirka pituitary ee maskaxda ah. Dhammaadka maqaalka, wax dheeraad ah. Gaar ahaan, miis. function pituitary ku tilmaamay waxa ee si kooban.

wareegga

Sida qanjirka pituitary waxaa ku shaqeeya? Function, daaweynta xanuunada, dhaqdhaqaaqa xubnaha guud ahaan waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa gobolka ee wareegga dhiigga. Tilmaamo Qaar ka mid ah sahayda dhiigga hay'adda ugu leeyihiin in kiisas badan oo saamayn qiyaano on xeerka ee ay hawlaha.

Laamood artery (colnimada Nabiga) halbowle iyo goobada of Willis sameeyay channels jidhka sare iyo hoose. The noocyada ugu horeysay shabakad gaddoonka si caddaalad ah oo xoog badan gobolka oo sarraysa bartamaha of hypothalamus ah. Darsamaan si ay u sameeyaan taxane ah oo weelashii portal xididka dheer. Waxay soo dagta ee adenohypophysis iyo aaday foomka ku plexus xuubka qalintaanka sinusoidal jilibka. Sidaas awgeed, in qayb ka mid ah ee jirka ka mid ah sahayda dhiigga toos maqan yahay. Dhiiga waxaa la quudiyey u galay ka sarrayn dhexfurka loo sii marayo Nidaamka portal ah. Astaamahani waa muhim u ah sharciyeynta shaqo kasta oo pituitary ee jilibka. Tani waa sababta oo Axon ee unugyada neurosecretory of hypothalamus ee gobolka adaa bartamaha sameeyay xiriiro aksovazalnye.

Neurosecretion iyo peptides sharciyeed by weelashii iridda gelin adenohypophysis ah. waaxda jirka Rear dhiig ka halbowlayaasha hoose helo. adenohypophysis xusay xooga ugu badan ee hadda, halka ay heerka uu ka badan yahay inta badan unugyada kale.

weelasha arooriyaha in xuubka jilibka ka mid ah venules danbe. dheecaanka ka soo xubinta waa la fuliyay in sanka cavernous qolof adag arooriyaha, ka dibna - in network caadi ah. mugga A weyn dhaqdhaqaaqyo dhiig retrograde inay adaa dhexfurka. Tani waa muhiim marka shaqada habab-celin oo u dhexeeya hypothalamus oo qanjirka pituitary. innervation dabacsanaadaan marinnada dhiigga waxaa lagu fuliyaa by fiiloyin postganglionic kordhin weheliyaan network vascular ah.

qanjirka pituitary: dhismaha iyo shaqada (kooban)

Sidii lagu kor ku sheegay, in xubnaha this waxay leedahay saddex kala qaybsanaanta. hore waxaa lagu magacaabaa pituitary jilibka. Sida laga soo xigtay muuqaalada morphological, qaybtaan waa a asal epithelial qanjirka. Waxaa ku jira dhowr nooc oo ah unugyada hormoonada jidhka.

Dambena xuubka yeedhay neurohypophysis ah. Waxaa la sameeyay intii lagu jiray embryogenesis sida ferjiga hypothalamus a ventral oo lagu gartaa caadiga ah la soo jeedo neuroectodermal. In qayb dambena waxay pituitsidy soo shiriyey - unugyada dunmiiqa-qaabeeya iyo Axon hypothalamic neural.

jajab Dhexe (la mid hore) waa asal epithelial. waaxda Tani waa shiidaa maqan in aadanuhu, laakiin ilaa xad si cad u muujiyay, tusaale ahaan, in jiirka, lo'da iyo ariga. xuubkii dhexe ee shaqada qofka u qabata tiro yar oo ah koox ka mid ah unugyada ee qaybta hore ee horyaalka heerka danbe, functional iyo embryological la xidhiidha pituitary jilibka. Next, ka fiirsan qaybaha kor lagu sharaxay si faahfaahsan.

wax soo saarka ee hormoonnada

Qaab ahaan unugyada pituitary jilibka muujinaysaa siddeed nooc, shan ka mid ah kuwaas oo soo jireenka ah ee shaqada secretory. xubno ka waxaa ka mid ah, gaar ahaan:

• Somatotrofy. Waxaa xubno cas acidophilus la dhagaxyada ah ganaax. Waxay soo saaro hormoonka koritaanka.
• Laktotrofy. Tani huruud xubno acidophilus la dhagaxyada waaweyn. Waxay soo saaraan prolactin.
• basofile Tireotrofy. unugyadan soo saaro hormoonka thyroid-madadaalo.
• Gonadotrofy basofile. walxahaasi soo saaro LH iyo FSH (gonadotropins: dhiirrigelin follicle iyo hormoonnada farabadan).
• basofile Kortikotrofy. walxahaasi soo saaray corticotropin hormone adrenocorticotropic. Sidoo kale halkan, sidii xubno ka mid ah horyaalka heerka dhexe ah, melanotropin sameeyay iyo beta-endorphin. xeryahooda Kuwan waxaa ka soo jeeda xeryahooda taagoo maamaan lipotropinovyh.

corticotropin

Waa wax soo saarka cholesterol of proopiomelanocortin glycoprotein filan weyn kaas oo la aasaasay kortikotrofami basophilic ah. xarunta protein Tani waxaa loo kala qaybiyaa laba qaybood. The labaad mid ka mid - lipotropin - kala dillaacday iyo siinayaa endorphin peptide melanotropin. Waxaa muhiim ah in waxqabadka of antipain nidaamka (antinociceptive) oo qarni isbedbeddelka hormoonnada adenohypophyseal.

saamaynta nafsaaniga ah ee corticotropin

Waxay kala qaybsan yihiin extraadrenal iyo adrenal. Recent tixgeliyo waaweyn. Under tallaabada ee corticotropin kordhay Avv hormoonnada. Marka uu jiro xad-dhaaf ah ee kelyaha iyo hypertrophy of kiliyaha adrenal. tallaabo Extraadrenal waxa muujiyay saamaynta soo socda:

• Kordhiyaan wax soo saarka ee hormone koritaanka iyo insulin.
• saamayn Lipolytic on nudaha adipose.
• Hypoglycemia sabab u kicinta ah ee ay insulinta.
• dhigaalka ee hyperpigmentation melanin kordhay sababo la xiriirka hormoon ee Britain ayaa la melanotropin.

Marka corticotropin xad calaamadeeyay horumarinta Cushing weheliyay kordhay faa'iidada badan ee cortisol ee adrenal ah. cudurada Tan waxaa lagu magacaabaa pituitary Cushing ee. function pituitary jaban dhirfinaya la'aanta glucocorticoids. Waxa ay la socotaa gelinba dheefshiidka muujiyeen qof oo sii daraysa ee caabiga deegaanka dibadda.

Gonadotropic function pituitary

Horumarinta xeryahooda gaar ah ka kaabsal cell wareegyo kala duwan kala duwan ee rag iyo dumarba. function pituitary dhaqan ay dhacdo in this by nidaamka adenylate cyclase-xerada. Ay saameyn ugu weyn waxaa loogu talagalay qeybaha kala galmada. talaabada aan ku xaddidnayn ku formation iyo dheecaan hormoonnada, laakiin sidoo kale on shaqo ee xiniinyaha iyo ugxan by qabanaya si receptors gacanta follitropin follicle qiraysaa. Tani waxay keenaysaa in saameyn kala duwan morphogenetic, taas oo u muuqato in foomka of koritaanka kiishashka ee ugxan badashada iyo unugyada granulosa dumarka, iyo sidoo kale horumarinta xiniinyaha, spermatogenesis, iyo balaarinta unugyada Sertoli ragga.

Inta lagu guda jiro soo saarka ee hormoonnada jinsiga ee follitropin arkay oo keliya saamayn kaabayaal ah. Sababo la-dhismeedka of secretory isaga u diyaar garoobaan hawl lutropin. Waxaa intaa dheer, dhiiri ensaymes biosynthesis steroid. Lutropin dhaliya ugxan iyo horumarka ee la yirahdo gulkroppshormon ugxansiduhu, iyo xiniinyaha oo kobcinaya saamayn on unugyada Leydinga. Wuxuu waxaa loo tixgeliyaa waxbarasho muhiim ah steroid dardargelinta iyo antiandrogen, progesterone iyo estrogen. horumarinta isitcmaalo gonads iyo wax soo saarka ee steroids bixiya tallaabada hammiga of lutropin iyo follitropin. Marka tan la eego, waxay inta badan marka la isku daro ka yar magaca 'gonadotropins "guud.

Thyrotropin: warbixin guud

Dheecaan of hormone glycoprotein this waxaa lagu fuliyaa si joogto ah la a isbedbedelka filan af badan maalintii oo dhan. Its fiirsashada ugu badnaan lagu arkay saacadood ah in hormaraan hurdo. sharciyeynta la sameeyaa by shaqada dhexgalka oo ka mid ah qanjidhada pituitary iyo thyroid ka. dheecaan Thyrotropin wanaajisaa tetraiodothyronine iyo triiodothyronine. -celin u xiran yihiin sida heerka shaqo hypothalamus oo pituitary sabab. Xaaladan danbe waxaan ka hadleynaa xakamaynta ee TSH. Sidoo kale waxa ay caanuhu dheecaan ee glucocorticoids. wax soo saarka kor u kacay ee shaashadda TSH dhacdaa sarkhaansan yihiin heerkulka kacsantahay on jidhka. Waxyaabaha sida suuxdinta, xanuun ama dhaawac, joogsada dheecaan.

Saamaynta ay ku thyrotropin

hormone Tani waa awood u ku qabanaya in receptor gaar ah ee thyroid unugyada dalool oo u abaari reactions dheefshiidka. Thyrotropin ka geysta in la beddelo oo dhan cayn kasta oo shiid, dardar-fulinta qabashada iodine of steroids iyo Avv thyroglobulin thyroid ka. Kororka dheecaan hormoonka thyroid dhacdaa iyada oo ay hawshooda u ah hydrolysis of thyroglobulin.

jirka Thyrotropin miisaanka kordho sabab u RNA kordhay iyo Avv borotiinka. hormone The fulyo tallaabo vnetireoidnoe. Waxaa teedu wax soo saarka sii kordhaya ee glycosaminoglycans ee maqaarka, unugyada subcutaneous iyo zaorbitalnoy. Tani waxay badanaa ka dhacdaa la'aan hormoonnada, tusaale ahaan, dhanka ah deficiency iodine. dheecaan xad dhaafka ah ee goiter TSH, daliilka hyperfunction thyroid kordhay thyroid steroid content (tayroodh), exophthalmos (pucheglazija). wada Intaas oo dhan waxaa loo yaqaannaa cudurka Graves '.

somatotropin

hormone Tan waxaa si joogto ah soo saaray oo leh 20-30 Cadha daqiiqadii unugyada adenogipofizarnyh. dheecaan sharciyeeynta somatostatin iyo somatoliberin qaadeen (neuropeptides hypothalamic). korodhka waxsoosaarka hormone koritaanka arkay inta la hurdo, gaar ahaan marxaladaha hore.

saamaynta nafsaaniga ah

Waxay waxaa la xidhiidha saamaynta hormone koritaanka habka dheefshiidka. Inta badan saamaynta jir dhexdhexaadintii ay arrimo gaar ah humoral, lafta iyo beerka. Waxay yihiin yeedhay somatomedins. In case of xadgudub qanjirka pituitary ee foomka of korodhay oo sii dheeraaday dheecaan garoomada hormone ee arrimaha humoral on carjawda socoto ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay wax ka bedeli la egyahay iyo shiid carbohydrate arkay. Sidaas darteed, hormone koritaanka dareen hyperglycemia sabab u suuska ee beerka iyo glycogen muruqa, iyo Iscelin of glucose qubo ee unugyada. Sababo la hormone tanu waxay kor u dheecaan insulin. Isla mar ahaantaana, hormone koritaanka dareen insulinase hawlgelinta.

Ayaa sheegay in enzyme dhaqmo deleteriously on insulin, oo iska xanaajin iska caabin ah in ay in unugyada. Tani waxay isku dhafan ee geedi socodka uu kicin karaa bilawga cudurka macaanka (diabetes).

function pituitary iyo muuqdaan in dheefshiidka ee subaga. Waxaa fududayn ah (ogolaanaya) saamaynta hormone koritaanka on saamaynta glucocorticoids iyo catecholamines. Sidaa darteed dhiiri lipolysis unugyada adipose, kor u fiirsashada dufan acid free in dhiigga, waxaa jira formation-dhaafka ah ee jirkooda ketonka beerka iyo xataa dhexgalka.

caabin Insulin lala xiriirin karo cudurada ku tilmaamay zhirovgo sarrifka. In case of xadgudub qanjirka pituitary ee, kaas oo lagu muujiyay in dheecaan xad dhaaf ah hormoonka koritaanka, haddii ay u muuqato in carruurnimada hore, horumariyo gigantism la formation saami ka mid ah jirrid iyo addimada. In ka baaluq iyo qaan waqti isku mid ah waxaa jira qayb sii kordhaysa ee koritaanka epiphyseal lafaha lafaha, meelaha lafoobid dhamaystirnayn ka. Nidaamkan waxaa loo yaqaan Acromegaly. Marka deficiency hormone koritaanka dabiiciga ah haleelay xilligii uu dhasho kiiska, oo loo yaqaan haleelay xilligii uu pituitary. dadka noocan oo kale ah waxaa loo yaqaan sida Lilliputians.

prolactin

Tani waa mid ka mid ah hormoonada ugu muhiimsan in qanjirka pituitary ee soo saarta. Functions ee jirka ku jira ayaa sheegay in steroid qabata kala duwan. Badanaa waxa ay saamayn ku qanjirka caanaha. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa ay taageertaa hawlaha secretory hormone ee wax soo saarka la yirahdo gulkroppshormon iyo progesterone ah. Prolactin ku lug sharciyeynta-shiid biyo-cusbo, yaraynta Digo biyaha iyo electrolytes, wuxuu kobciyaa koritaanka iyo horumarka ka mid ah xubnaha gudaha, waxa ay kor u formation of dareen hooyada. hormone Faahfaahin dheeraad ah ay wanaajisaa Avv borotiinka baruur ka carbohydrates qoondaynta keena miisaanka umusha faa'iido.

Rear iyo qaybaha dhexe: sharaxaad kooban

Neurohypophysis u qabto inta badan maal-shaqada. In waaxda this sidoo kale ku qarisay neurohormones paraventricular iyo nuclei supraoptic in hypothalamus ah - oxytocin iyo Horomonka.

Sida for heerka dhexe, waxaa la aasaasay melanotropin. hormone Tan waxaa ku dhexsameeysmo melanin kordhiyaa qadarka Midabka lacag la'aan ah epidermis, xoojisaa midabka maqaarka iyo timaha. Melanotropin fuliya hawsha peptide maskaxda geedi socodka neurochemical ee xasuusta.

Gebogebadii

Shaxda "Function pituitary" hoos wakiil u ogolaanaya soo koobay sida hawlaha ka wada hadleen xubnaha by go'aaminayo waxqabadka xeryahooda ka soo saaray iyaga by.