Decembrists kacdoonkii (kooban). History of Russia. Natiijooyinka kacdoonkii Decembrists ah

Ma noo sheegi kartaa oo ku saabsan fallaago ah Decembrists ka kooban? Afgambi waxa ku wareegsan dhacdooyin badan oo iyo waxa lagu gartaa Gudigga aad u badan in ay uga sooco, buugaagta oo dhan. Waxa uu ahaa dibad ugu horeysay soo abaabulay dhanka ah serfdom ee Russia, dad badan ka yaabsaday waaweyn ee bulshada iyo saamayn weyn ku ah nolosha siyaasadeed iyo bulsho ee ka qabno la socday boqortooyada Emperor Nicholas I. Oo weliba, maqaalkan isku dayi doonaa si ay quduus uga kooban kacdoonkii Decembrists ah.

warbixin guud

December 14, 1825 in caasimadda ah ee Empire Ruush ah - St. Petersburg - waxaa jiray isku day inqilaab. kacdoonkii by Koox ka mid ah kuwii gobta ahaa sida maskax, kuwaas oo intooda badan waxay ahaayeen saraakiil ka mid ah ilaalada ee abaabulan. Ujeedada shirqoolkii ahaa baabiiyo of serfdom oo la baabiiyo of -Raaxaysta-. Waa in la ogaadaa in ujeedooyinka ay kacdoonkii ahaa si weyn u kala duwan ka dhan muuqooda kale Zaman ee jirijirtay madaxtooyada.

badbaadada Midowga

The War of 1812 wuxuu lahaa oo dhan dhinacyada kala duwan ee nolosha dadka saamayn weyn. Waxaa jiray rajo isbedelada ay suurtogal tahay, inta badan - baabiiyo of serfdom. Laakiin in la baabi'iyo serfdom, waxaa lagama maarmaan ahayd in la xadido awoodda dastuuriga ah monarchical. History of Russia ee mudadaas ay astaan u abuurista mass ku ah askari oo bulshada ku saleysan Guard fikirka, ee iskaashatooyinka loogu yeero. From labo ka mid ah Iskaashatooyinka, kuwaas oo la asaasay bilowgii 1816 ee Midowga of Salvation. Its abuure ahaa Muravev Aleksandr, xubnaha bulshada waxay ahaayeen Muravev Nikita, Trubetskoy Sergey, Iakushkin Ivan, ka dib ku biiray by Pestel Pavel. Ujeedooyinka Ururka ahaayeen xoraynta yaroow iyo dib u habaynta maamulka gobolka. Pestel ee 1817 ku qoray dastuurka ururka, inta badan ee ka qayb galayaashu ku jiray qolladaha jooggo, maxaa yeelay saameynta ay Freemasons saameeyeen cibaadaysi nolol maalmeedka ah ee Midowga. Khilaafka u dhexeeya xubnaha bulshada ee suurtagal ah ee dilka boqorka inta lagu guda jiro afgambi waxay ahaayeen sabab in xilliga dayrta ee 1817 waxaa la kala diri Midowga.

daryeelka Midowga

Bilowga ee 1818 Ururka Samafalka abaabulay ee Moscow - a bulshada cusub qarsoon. Waxay ka koobnayd laba boqol oo qof, ka walwalsan ah oo ku saabsan fikradda ah si ay u sameeyaan opinion horusocod ah dadweynaha, si ay u abuuraan dhaqdhaqaaq deeqsi ah. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, waxaa la qorsheeyey in ay qabanqaabiyaan hay'adaha samafalka, suugaanta, iyo waxbarasho sharci ah. Waxa la aasaasay in ka badan darsin ah golayaasha huwanta guud ahaan dalka, oo ay ku jiraan in St. Petersburg, Kishinev, Tulchin, Smolensk iyo magaalooyin kale. Waxa asaasay sida "kooxda" golaha, tusaale ahaan, guddiga Nikity Vsevolzhskogo, "iftiin Green". xubnaha Midowga ayaa si firfircoon uga qayb nolosha dadweynaha, isku dayayaan in ay hantiyaan jagooyinka sare ee hay'adaha ciidanka iyo dawladda. Halabuurka The ee bulshada si joogto ah u beddelay: ka qaybgalayaashu ugu horeysay bilaabi qoyska iyo arrimaha siyaasadda iskaga cararay, ay bedelay kuwo cusub. Bishii Janaayo 1821, waayo, saddex maalmood ee Moscow ayaa martigeliyey Congress of the Union of barwaaqo ay sabab u tahay khilaafka taageerayaasha hadda dhexdhexaad ah iyo xagjirka ah. hawlaha Congress hogaaminayo Mikhail Fonvizin Nikolai Turgenev. Waxa la ogaaday in scammers weyddiiyey oo ku saabsan jiritaanka Dowladda Midowga, oo waxaa la go'aamiyay in si rasmi ah uu u milmo. Tani waxay ka dhigtay in ay suurto gal ah in laga takhaluso dadka bulshada yimid by shil.

habeynta

Kala diridda Midowgii Welfare ahayd tallaabo loo qaaday habeynta ah. Waxaa jira bulshada cusub: Waqooyiga (ee St. Petersburg) iyo koonfurta (ee Ukraine). door weyn ee Society Northern ka ciyaaray Trubetskoy Sergey, Muravev Nikita, ka dib - Ryleev Kondraty, gabayaa caan ah, dagaal Jamhuuriga xogagga isaga ku wareegsan. Head of ururka ahaa Pestel, Pavel, qaateen ah saraakiisha qayb firfircoon ilaaliyaan Naryshkin Mihail, Gorstkin Ivan, saraakiisha ciidamada badda iyo Chizhov Nikolay Bodisko walaalo ah, Mikhail iyo Boris. The Society Southern ka qayb Krjukovoj walaalo (Nicholas iyo Alexandra) iyo walaalihiis Bobrischevy-Pushkin Pavel iyo Nikolay Cherkasov Alexey, Avramov Ivan, Liharev Vladimir Kireev Ivan.

dhacdooyinka DULUCDA of December 1825

Sanadkan waa kacdoonkii ee Decembrists ah. shirqoolkii go'aansaday in la qaato xaalad adag sharci ah in uu sameeyay agagaarka xaq u leeyahay inuu carshiga dhimashada Alexander I. ka dib waxaa jiray dukumenti xogo, sida laga soo xigtay oo Constantine Pavlovich, walaalkiis ah gablan ku Alexander I, soo socda Seniority isaga ka dambaysa, ayaa diiday carshiga. Sayidka, walaalkiis soo socda, Nikolai Pavlovich, inkastoo uu ka mid hormoodka military-maamul ahaa, sare nacaayo, lahaa faa'iido ah. Isla mar ahaantaana, xitaa ka hor inta dukumiintiga qarsoodi ah oo la furay, Nicholas dhaqsatay tagay ay guushu ku Constantine ka xaq u leeyahay inuu carshiga hoos ciribtir ee M. Miloradovich taliyaha guud ee St. Petersburg.

Isbedelka awoodda

November 27, 1825 History of Russia bilaabay wareeg cusub oo - rasmi boqor cusub, Constantine. Iyada oo ay image xitaa a qadaadiicda dhowr qabtay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Constantine rasmi carshiga isku dayay, laakiin ma isaga ma diidi. Waxay abuurtaa interregnum ah meel aad u kacsan iyo madmadow. Sidaas darteed, ayuu wuxuu goostay inuu iscaddeeyo inuu Emperor Nicholas. Waxa uu loo magacaabay dhaar on December 14. Ugu dambayntii yimid isbedel ah ee dawladda - daqiiqad ah oo uu soo sugayaan xubno ka tirsan Ururada qarsoodiga ah. Waxaa la go'aamiyay inuu ku soo bilowdo ka fallaagoobay reer Decembrists ah.

December 14 kacdoonkii ahaa natiijo ka timid xaqiiqda ah in ay sabab u tahay habeen dheer oo kulanka xalay ee 13 ilaa 14, Senate habase yeeshee waxa uu qiray in xaq sharci ah oo carshiga reer binu Nicholas. Decembrists go'aansaday inuu hortago Golaha Guurtida iyo ciidamada si ay boqorka uga cusub oo dhaartii keeno. Dib u ahayd wax aan macquul aheyn, ayaa in ka badan sidaas sababta oo ah Wasiirka ahaa ku jiifay miiska for tiro badan oo denunciations iyo xarig bilaaban karo ugu dhakhsaha badan.

Taariikhda kacdoonkii Decembrists ah

shirqoolkii ayaa qorsheysey inay mashquulin Peter iyo Paul ka Fortress iyo Palace Winter ah, xadhiga ka mid ah qoyska reer boqor, iyo, haddii ay jiraan xaalado gaar ah, si ay u dilaan. Si aad u horseedi kacdoonkii, ayaa loo doortay Sergei Troubetzkoy. Dheeraad ah, Decembrists u baahan tahay Senate daabacay manifesto qaran dhawaaqday burburinta xukunka jir ah oo lagu dhisayo dawlad ku meel gaar ah. Xubno ka mid ah xukuumadda cusub kacaan loo moodayay in ay sameeyaan Mordvinova Admiral iyo Tiri Speransky. On xigeenada loo xilsaaray hawsha si ay u ansixiyaan dastuurka - sharci aasaasi ah oo cusub. Xaaladdan haddii Senate ayaa diiday in uu ku dhawaaqo manifesto qaran oo ka kooban waxyaabaha ku saabsan la baabiiyo of serfdom, sinnaanta oo dhan sharciga hortiisa, xorriyaadka dimuqraadi ah, hordhaca ah ee khasab dhammaan fasalada of adeeg ciidan, hordhaca ah ee maxkamadda beegti, doorashada saraakiisha, la baabiiyo of canshuurta doorashada ka , iwm, Waxaa la go'aansaday in ay isaga ka dhigi samayn xoog.

Markaas waxaa la qorsheeyey in la isugu yimaado Cathedral ee caanka ah, kuwaas oo xal u lahaa dhibaatada doorashada qaab Dowladda: Jamhuuriyadda ama boqortooyo distuuri ah. Haddii foomka Jamhuuriga, qoyska boqortooyada ayaa la soo diray waxaa ka mid ah dalka doortay. Ryleev ugu horeysay u bixiyeen Nicholas in Fort Ross diro, laakiin ka dibna ay Pestel uuraysatay dilka Nicholas iyo, laga yaabee, Tsesarevicha Aleksandra.

December 14 - fallaago reer Decembrists ah

Si kooban u sharax wixii dhacay maalintii isku day afgambi. Salaaddii hore ee subaxnimadii Ryleev Kakhovsky ka hadlay codsiga ay galaan Palace Winter iyo dilo Nicholas. Waxa uu markii hore ku heshiiyeen, laakiin markaas ayaa diiday. By kow iyo subaxdii on Square Senate ka ayaa noqday Moscow ilaalada, Grenadiers, ilaalada badmaax oo markabka badda. Total - abbaaraha saddex kun oo qof. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhowr maalmood ka hor kacdoonka ee Decembrists ee 1825, Nicholas of niyad xubno ka tirsan Ururada qarsoodiga ah uga digay decembrist Rostovtsev, ka fiirsaneysa inay kacdoon aan istaahilin abtirsan ee sharaf, iyo Chief of General Shaqaalaha Dibich. Horeba ee toddoba senators keenay Nicholas dhaar iyo isaga ku wacdiyey gooyo. Troubetzkoy, loo magacaabay madaxa kacdoonkii, uma ay muuqan on square ah. Armaajo on Senate ka sii waday in ay u istaagaan oo sug, markii shirqoolkii yimaadaan si loo dhanyahay oo ku saabsan magacaabista hogaamiyaha cusub.

muujineysaa dhacdooyinka

On maanta, taariikhda waxaa loo sameeyey in Russia. Tiri Miloradovich, muuqatay ka hor askari oo faras ku jooga, wuxuu bilaabay inuu yidhaahdo in haddii Constantine diiday in ay noqon boqor ah, waxa ay leedahay wax ay in la sameeyo. La sii daayey ka madaxda sare ee Shabaab ku boorriyay Obolensky Miloradovich eryi off, ka dibna, markay arkeen in uusan fal aan khafiif ah ku dhaawacmeen dhinaca uu soor. Kakhovsky waqtigan toogtay tirinta la Bistoolad ah. Duke Mikhail Pavlovich iyo Colonel Styurler isku dayeen in ay keenaan u addeeco oo afar askari ah, laakiin dhan isku day lagu guuleeysan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Mucaaradka jeer caabiyay weerarka ee Horse ah, taasoo keentay Alexei Orlov.

On goobta soo ururiyey tobanaan kun oo dadka degan St. Petersburg, waxay Taageersanaa mucaaradka iyo tuureen in Nicholas iyo dhagaxyo uu wefdigii iyo abuse. Sidaas darteed, waxaan sameeyay laba "siddo" dadka. Mid ka mid ah waxaa la hareereeyey by mucaaradka, oo waxaa ka kooban kuwa ka hor yimid, oo kale sameeyay kuwa u yimid ka dib, ciidamada baliiska ee aagga ay mar dambe waa loo ogol yahay, sidaa darteed qof ayaa ka dambeeya Decembrists taagan hareereeyeen ciidamada dowladda. deegaankan u dhashay khatarta iyo Nicholas, kii shakiyaa in ay guul, go'aansadeen in ay diyaariyaan xubnaha shaqaalaha qoyska reer boqor ay dhacdo in aad u baahan tahay in ay ka baxsadaan Selo Tsarskoye ah.

awood aan qummanaynu

Emperor cusub-dhigay ogaaday in natiijada fallaago Decembrists waxaa laga yaabaa in aanay noqon in uu raalli, sidaasi darteed waxaan weydiistay metropolitans Eugene iyo rafcaanka seraafiim askartii la weydiisto in ay ka baxaan. Waxa aan keenay natiijooyin, iyo walaac xoojiyey Nicholas. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu u suurtagashay in ay soo qaadan qorshaha, halka mucaaradka doortay hogaamiyaha cusub (waxaa loo magacaabay Prince Obolensky). Ciidamada dowladda tiro ka badan afar jeer ka xoogbadan, ciidanka Decembrists ah: sagaal kun bayonets ee lugta ayaa la soo ururiyay, saddex kun oo sabers iyo awr, ka dib yeedhay Arsenal (lix iyo soddon qoryaha), wadarta - abbaaraha laba iyo toban kun oo qof. Shabaab, sida kor ku xusan, waxaa la socday saddex kun.

guuldaradii of Decembrists ah

Marka laga Boulevard Admiralty ka muuqatay ilaalada madaafiic, Nicholas ku amray in la sameeyo kubad ka mid ah buckshot on the "goobasho", waa saqafka oo ka mid ah Odayaasha iyo guryaha deriska ah. Decembrists jawaabay dab qoriga ka dibna roobdhagaxyaale ah firirka qaaday horyaalka. Waxay sii waday ka dib markii darbo ah, ayaa askartii ka cararay gal barafka ee Neva ah iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in ay u guuraan on Vasilevsky Island. On baraf Neva ku Bestuzhev isku dayay in la dhiso si dagaalka ka dibna tag on weerar. Ciidamada The iyadoo Jilib Xidhan, laakiin rasaas ka kernels qori. barafka dillaac, dadka way liqday. Qorshuhu wuxuu ahaa guuldaraystay, jidadka iyo god oo ka mid ah Habeenka ahaayeen boqolaal maydka.

The xiray iyo maxkamad

Su'aalaha ku saabsan waxa sannad kacdoonkii Decembrists ka dhacay iyo sida ay u dhamaatay, sida xaqiiqada ah jawaabi maanta, ma badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhacdadan saameyn weyn taariikhda ku xiga ee Russia. Macnaha kacdoonkii Decembrists 'waa in aan la dhayalsan - inay yihiin ugu horeysay ee boqortooyadiisa ku abuuray urur kacaan, waxaan barnaamij siyaasadeed, in diyaarinta iyo fulinta kacdoonka hubeysan. Isla mar ahaantaana mucaaradka ay yihiin kuwo aan diyaar u tijaabooyin la socday kacdoonkii. Qaar ka mid ah ka dib markii maxkamad la toogtay laalaadeen (Ryleeva Pestel, Kakhovka oo kale), kuwa kale loo musaafuriyay Siberia iyo meelo kale. In kala bulsho, qaar ka mid ah oo ay taageerayaan boqorkii, ka kale - kacaan-ku guuldareystay. Oo badbaaday isa soo kacaan adkaaday, katiinadeysan, maxaabiista, ku noolaa oo cidhiidhi iyo maskaxda oo qoto dheer.

Gebogebadii

About in, sida waxaa fallaago Decembrists la si kooban looga hadlay maqaalka. Waxay ahaayeen gasha mid ka mid jecel yahay - fal kacaan dhanka ah -Raaxaysta- iyo serfdom ee Russia. Waayo, raggii dhallinyarada ahaa xamaasad leh, ciidan aad u fiican, faylosuufiinta iyo dhaqaaleyahannada ah, aqoon yahanno caan ah isku day afgambi ahaa imtixaanka: qof tusay gacantaada xoogga badan, qof daciif ah, qof muujiyeen go'aan, geesinimo, isku-allabari, iyo qof bilaabay inuu shakiyin, kari waayeen badbaadin aalada ah, gurteen.

muhiimadda taariikhiga ah ee fallaago Decembrists waa in ay aasaas u ah dhaqanka kacaan dhigay. Waxqabadkooda ku calaamadsan bilowgii horumarinta dheeraad ah ee xoraynta oo fikirka ah in dhulgoosadka Russia.