Dagaal Rzhevskaya intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic

Marka aynu ereyga "dagaal" maqlaan, waxaan leenahay fikirrada dagaalka on beerta kasta, halkaas oo lagu jiro maalinta la xukumo oo ka mid ah tartamayaasha noqon doonaa guusha u kac. Eray Tani waa la yaqaan oo la fahmi karo. Laakiin dagaalka Rzhevskaya ahaa kala duwan. Waxaa daboolay aad u weyn oo waqti la jiray taxane ah oo dagaalo labadii sano ee la soo dhaafay.

hawlgalka Rzhev- Vyazemskaya

Caadiga ah waqti-jir, kuwaas oo qaaday dagaallada Rzhev (8 January 1942-31 March 1943). Intii lagu guda jiray waagaas waxaa jiray waqti badan oo xawaal ama dagaal mawqifyada, marka ciidamada ma samayn weeraro.

Horraantii 1942, ciidanka Soviet ahaa awoodaan in ay diidaan ciidamada Wehrmacht ka Moscow. Laakiin counter-weerar, kuwaas oo mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka muhim dagaalka noqday, sii. Rate dalbaday in natiijada ugu weyn ee suuragalka ah. Waxay ku taallaa gobolka Jarmal ciidanka group "Center".

Ciidamada Soviet in West iyo Kalinin Front waxay ahaayeen si ay u qaybsadaan, in ay go'doomiyaan iyo xoogga baabbi'iya. In ka maalmood ee ugu horreeya ee January counter-weerar, laga bilaabo tirada 8, wax socon sidii loogu talagalay. Waxay u suurtagashay in ay lacag la'aan ah Vereya, Kirov, Mozhaisk, Medyn, Sukhinichi iyo Lyudinovo. The shuruudaha si ay u gooyay "Center" galeen dhowr kooxood oo go'doonsan.

xeeran

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tirada 19 ayaa lagu soo wareejiyo jihooyin kale oo ku saabsan amarrada Iosifa Stalina oo ka mid ah ciidamada weerarka. Gaar ahaan, Army 1aad Shoogga ku Kuznetsova loo diray gobolka Novgorod hoostiisa Demyansk iyo 16-Army Rokossovsky raray koonfureed. Tani waxay si weyn u dhimay waxyabaha ka mid ah Ciidamada Soviet. The qaybo ka haray si fudud ma lahayn khayraadka si ay u dhamaystiraan hawlgalka. Dadaalka ayaa lumay.

Dabayaaqadii January, uu soo diray hoos Rzhev 33aad Army hoostiisa amarka leh oo reer Efrayim. gogo 'Kuwani mar kale isku dayeen in ay jebiyaan oo ka difaaca cadowga, laakiin ugu danbeyn ay is arkeen hareereeyeen. In 33aad April waxaa la burburiyey iyo ismiidaamin Mikhail Efremov.

hawlgalka Soviet ku guuldareystay. Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoob rasmi ah, luminta lacag dhan 776 000 oo qof, kuwaas oo 272 000 ayaa ku dheceen. From 33aad ee Army qarxay Buuloburde ayaa ka yar, E. t. 889 askari.

Dagaal for Rzhev

Summer of 1942. Heerka ayaa hawsha si ay u qabsadaan magaalada ee gobolka Kalinin. First of dhan waxay ahayd Rzhev. Waayo, ganacsi mar kale ciidanka qaatay laba arrimood - Kalinin (General Konev) iyo West (General Zhukov).

July 30 bilaabay wajigii labaad ee Soviet. Waxaa is khilaafeen aad si tartiib ah. Mid kasta oo soo maray iyo fuqa meel dhul ah oo qiimihiisu yahay kumanaan ka mid ah noloshooda. Horeba maalmaha ugu horeeya ee qalliinka si Rzhev ahayd oo keliya 6 kiiloomitir. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa ay ku dhawaad qaatay muddo bil ah si ay u dagaalamo.

Magaaladu waxay u suurtagashay in ay kaliya iman dhamaadka August. Waxa ay u muuqatay in dagaalka Rzhevskaya la guuleystay. Waxaa jiray xitaa ogol yahay in ay Galin hore ee wakiilada rasmiga ah ee madaxweynaha Maraykanka, kuwaas oo lahaa si loo eego liibaanta Soviet. Rzhev la qaatay on 27 September. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ciidamada Cas halkaas sii joognay dhawr maalmood. Waxaa sidoo kale la adkeeyay xoojiyo Jarmal, taas oo degan magaalada on 1 October.

weerar kale oo Soviet ku dhamaatay waxba. khasaaraha dagaalka ee Rzhev in muddo this waxa ay ku saabsan 300 kun oo qof, ie. E. 60% oo ka mid ah shaqaalaha of Army Cas on hore this.

Operation "Mars"

Horeba dhamaadka xilliga qaboobaha dayrta-hore waxa la qorsheeyay isku day kale si ay u jebiyaan oo difaaca ka mid ah "Center". Markan, waxaa la go'aamiyay in weerarka ka dhici doona in kuwa meelaha halkaas oo aan weli la qaaday. Kuwaasu waxay ahaayeen meelaha u dhexeeya Wabiyaal Gzhat iyo Osugi, iyo sidoo kale u dhow tuulada of Young Tud. Waxaa jiray cufnaanta ugu yar ee kala qaybsanaanta Jarmal.

Isla mar ahaantaana amarka isku dayay inay ka dhumiyaan in cadowgu ku leexin Wehrmacht ka Stalingrad, halkaas oo maalmahan yimaado maalmaha muhiim ah dagaallada.

39aad Army u suurtagashay in ay ku qasbi dhallinyarada Tud iyo rarayaan 1da Corps weeraray cadowga unugyada gaashaaman oo u dhow magaalada White. Laakiin waxay ahayd guul ku meel gaadh ah. Bilowga ee December, counterattack Jarmalka joojiyay askarta Soviet oo baabbi'iyey Army 20aad. Masiirka isla sugayay labadii dhismayaasha: 2aad ilaalada awr iyo Haanta 6-dii.

Horeba on December 8, ka dhanka ah asalka ah dhacdooyinkaan waxay Georgy Zhukov sheegay in hawlgalka "Mars" (codename) ayaa dib u bilaabay la luminayey cusboonaaday. Laakiin ma jiro isku day ah in ay jebiyaan oo line cadowga ee difaaca ahaa ee aan dhammaystiran si guul leh. Ciidamada hoos amarka General Khozina, Yushkevich iyo Zygina ku guuldareystay. Badan ayaa mar kale ku hareereysan. Sida ay sheegayaan qiyaasaha kala duwan, tirada askarta Soviet ku dhintay inta lagu jiro mudada kala duwan 70 iyo 100 kun. Dagaallada Rzhev, 1942 oo ma keenaan guul dheer la sugayay.

Operation "Byuffel"

In dagaalka hore uu sameeyay waxa loogu yeero qiyaas Rzhevskij ah, kuwaasi oo ay qabsadeen ciidamada Jarmal. Waxa ay ahayd qayb ka mid nugul ee hore - in ay go'doomiyaan Isaga waxaa ku jirtay fudud. Gaar ahaan maratay u caddaatay kadib markii ciidamada Soviet qaaday magaalada Great Luke, bisha Janaayo 1943.

Kurt Tseyttsler iyo inta kale ee amarka Wehrmacht noqday adag tahay in la weydiin Hitler in ay awood u bixitaankii ciidamada. In dhamaadka, ayuu ku heshiiyeen. Ciidamada The ahaayeen in la noqday inay khadadka ee aagga magaalada Dorogobuzh. Mas'uul ka ah fulinta hawlgalka muhiimka ahaa Colonel-Guud Walter Model. Qorshuhu wuxuu ahaa code-magacaabay "Büffel", oo loo tarjumay ka German sida "gisi".

Qaadashada Rzhev

Karti Jarmalka ciidamada feedhuhu oggola inay ka tagaan odoroska ficil sameecadda ah. March 30 askari la soo dhaafay ee Reich ka tagay xarunta, kaas oo la weeraray, waayo, sannad ka badan. Wehrmacht hayaa ee magaalada oo maran iyo tuulada: ugaadheed, Gzhatsk, White, Vyazma. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah la geeyay by ciidankii Soviet ee March 1943 dagaal la'aan.

Masiirka isla sugayay Rzhev ah. Waxa lagu sii daayay March 3. First galay magaalada 30-kii Army, kaas oo ay fuliyeen waaxdan muddo dheer oo ku dhawaad shaqaale ka xoq ka dib markii dagaalo lagu hoobtay. Sayidka dhamaaday dagaallada Rzhev 1942 1943. guul Istiraatiijiga ah ee keentay in xaqiiqda ah in in initiative dagaalkii labaad ee dunida mar kale u dhaqaaqay Midowga Soofiyeeti.

raacdada cadowga

ciidanka Soviet tegey Rzhev oo bilaabay bilawga la dedejiyo ee jagooyinka ka hadhay reer Germany. Sidaas darteed, in March u suurtagashay in ay riixaan safka hore galbeed 150 kiiloomitir kale. Communications Ciidamada Soviet ayaa fidiyey. Vanguard ka gadaal iyo rahaamad fogeeyay. Kor u dhigto bilawga dhalaalid iyo xaaladda waddada xun.

Marka Jarmalka qoday degmada Dorogobuzh, waxaa caddaatay in ciidankii reer cufnaanta ah kuma guuleysan, iyo Ciidanka Cas joojiyay. The xal xiga weyn oo dhici doona xagaaga soo socda, marka dhammeystirtay Battle of Kursk.

Masiirka ee Rzhev. Ka muuqataa dhaqanka

Habeeynimadii of dagaalkii labaad ee dunida ku noolaa magaalada 56 kun oo qof. City qaatay 17 bilood oo shaqo ah, inta lagu guda jiro taas oo lagu duminayaa. dadka maxalliga ah ama hortiisa ka carareen maalintii, ama ma noolaan maamulka Jarmal. Markii ciidanka Soviet magaalada la xoreeyay March 3, 1943, waxaa ku hadhay 150 qof oo rayid ah.

Iyadoo la tixgelinayo qiyaasaha oo ka mid ah khasaaraha guud ee Ciidamada Cas ee sanadka ka badan ee dagaalka, Viktor Marshal ah Kulikov, tiradaasi kor u kacday in ka badan 1 milyan oo qof.

Dagaallada Rzhev ku hadhay oo ku saabsan 300 yards nool, markii ka hor dagaalo halkaas oo ay ahaayeen 5500. Dagaalka ka dib waxaa la shiidaa dhisay ka xoq.

dagaalo lagu hoobtay oo khasaare weyn ayaa ka muuqda xusuusta dadka iyo noocyo kala duwan oo shuqullada tahay. gabay Aleksandra Tvardovskogo "Waxaan dilay hoose Rzhev" waxaa loo arkaa inay ugu caansan. taxadiri badan oo uu leeyahay gobolka Tver. Dagaallada Rzhev, museum-Panorama ee ay dhacdo - waxa weli soo jiidata tiro badan oo ah dadka soo booqda. In magaalada isla marka lagu daro waxaa jira obelisk ah xusuus.