Chesme Palace ee St. Petersburg: Taariikhda, cinwaanka, sawiro

Inta u dhaxaysa St. Petersburg iyo Tsarskoye Selo boqortooyada Catherine II adag firaaqada ah inta lagu guda jiro Jidka dheer waxaa la dhisay. In sharaf of sanad guuradii 10-aad ee guusha of raxan Ruushka muuqday magaca "Cesme Church" iyo "Chesme Palace", kuwaas oo garabaka ammaanta ciidamada badda ee dalka Ruushka. Palace soo maray waqtiyo kala duwan, laakiin had iyo jeer ku hadhay decoration ah St. Petersburg.

meel

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in dhismaha la dhisay sida track a, maanta waa Chesme Palace ee St. Petersburg (cinwaanka ay Street Gastello, 15). Oo wakhtiga Catherine Wayn, waxaa la Anfaco, moorland. territory u soo baxeen inay Russia oo sabab u ah Dagaalkii Northern, waxayna Noqdeen mid waxyaalo boqorka.

Meesha waxa loo yaqaan af Finnish Kikerikiksen, kaas oo micnihiisu yahay "rihii dhiiqo", taas oo ah sababta uu calaamad u ah mustaqbalka qasriga ahaa rihii cagaaran.

In 1717, waddada ayaa lagu ogan in joogitaanka ee Tsarskoye Selo, iyo this bilaabay taariikhda ay degaan la odhan jiray meel. Maanta, sidii hore u soo sheegnay, Chesma madaxtooyada ku dhax taalaa St. Petersburg.

macnaha taariikhiga ah

Si aad u raaxo leh u safri in uu deganaansho xagaaga ee Tsarskoye Selo, Ekaterina Velikaya caasimada amartay toddoba mayl si ay u dhisaan pathname ah. Sidaas Chesme Palace lagu uuraysan St. Petersburg, kuwaas oo taariikhda ayaa muddo dheer oo xiiso leh.

Waxaa markii hore loo yaqaan cariish ah. Laakiin marka shaqada on dhismaha madaxtooyada ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey, yimid news ee guusha of raxan Ruushka ee Battle of Chesma. Waa in la ogaadaa in guushii ay ka gaareen Turkey aad u muhiim ah, waayo, Russia ahaa. Inkasta oo aan awoodin in ay ka adkaan Constantinople sida ku riyooday, laakiin xitaa qabsashadii of Azov iyo Kerch ahaa mid aad u muhiim ah in koorsada ee dagaalka this. Haddaba maraakiibta ganacsiga Ruush si xor ah kaga gudbi karin Badda Madow, iyo waxa ay ballan qaaday wax badan oo ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka.

In Russia waxaa jiray dhaqan guushii kasta oo weyn in dagaalkii ka Turkish of dabaal taallo kasta. Sidaas Tsarskoye Selo ahaayeen marxalad Turkish iyo taambuuggiisa, Crimean iyo tiirar Chesme, iyo guryaha ee abtirsan taagay dhismaha qaabka Byzantine iyo Oriental. Sidaa darteed, waa macquul in la magacaabi track cusub Chesmensky Palace, sidoo kale kaniisadda dhisay socota, waxa uu.

dhise

Ekaterina Velikaya loo yaqaan for qiyaasta grand iyo wax badan oo jacayl si ay u dhisaan. Intii lagu guda jiray iyada waxaa boqor ahaan dalka oo dhan, iyo St. Petersburg gaar ahaan ayaa helay badan oo dhismayaasha raaxo iyo daaraha waaweyn.

Boqoradda badan oo ka mid ah sababta kacsiga ee dhismayaasha cusub, sida laga soo caasimadda si Tsarskoye Selo safarka dheer. Ma aysan rabin in ay joojiyaan in meel qaldan, maxaa yeelay waxa ay meel kasta waa doonayay in uu dareemo raaxo. Marka Empress ku go'aansaday inuu dhiso gurigii cusub - "aqalada" - noqotay in Yuri Matveyevich Felten, mid ka mid ah injineero weyn ee magaalada.

Naqshadle bartay ee Academy of Fine Arts, soo shaqeeyay dhowr sano la Rastrelli, uu dhintay ka dib markii uu dhameystiray dhismaha naqshadeeyaha ugu weyn. Waayo-aragnimo iyo tayo sameeyey Felten oo ay la socdaan Vallin de la Mothe dhise keenta St. Petersburg. By 1774 uu account mar hore la dhisay sida Lutheran iyo Church Armenian St. Catherine ee, yaryar iyo kuwa waaweyn Hermitage, Palace qararka iyo xayndaabka caanka ah ee Garden ee Xagaaga.

Lagu eedeeyay madaxtooyada Chesma noqday dhise ee nooca tijaabada. Indeed, ee caasimada dalka ayaa loo xiisi doono inuu dhiso gurigii leh qaab ciyaareedka Gothic, laakiin magaalada dibaddeeda ah loo ogol yahay xoriyada sida.

Taariikhda dhismaha

Chesmensky Socdaalka Palace waxaa la aasaasay 1774, iyo saddex sano ka dib Empress u dabaal dagida ah. Speed dhismaha waxaa bixiyey xaqiiqada ah in naqshada Yu. M. Felten aysan awoodin in ay si sax ah loo qorsheeyo shaqada. Iyo, dabcan, ka qayb qaatay dhismaha xawaaraha badan oo lacag aad u badan si ay u dhisaan in Catherine qaatay.

Dalka under qalcaddii la go'doonsan aan ugu barwaaqo ah, sidaas oo kale ayaa Marxaladda koowaad waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la sameeyo aagga dheecaan ahaa, ayaa sidoo kale qoday god a on wareega ee goobta in ay sii wadaan biyagaleenka ahuba ee aan waxyeello madaxtooyada. Waxay xoojisaa dareenka qalcadda iyo iska yeelyeel ah ee usheeda dhexe, kaas oo la dhigay dhulka of god ka.

adag madaxtooyada waxaa ka mid ah dhismaha ugu weyn ee labada dabaq leh munaaradaha qubbad iyo geeska, kaniisadda dhagax ah dhalatay ee Ioanna Krestitelya iyo dhowr outbuildings ah. By adag madaxtooyada waxaa fuliyey by mareenka wadada, kaalinta by laba iridda dhagax ku style ah Gothic.

Tilmaamo Architectural qalcadda

Chesma madaxtooyada lagu uuraysan style dacayadeed-Gothic ah, iyo naqshada ahaa awoodaan in la joogteeyo fikrad this. waxyoonay ee naqshadeeyaha ugu lahaa handarraabbadeedii on bangiyada bari ee Bosphoru. xubno Oriental si tartiib ah ku qoran style Gothic, iyagu ma ay qabsadaan isha, iyo waa uun waanada tur.

In la eego dhismaha ugu weyn ee madaxtooyada waa xagalka ah isle iyo munaarado wareega la dagaaleed ee rukummada ku. munaarad kasta waa laambad dhamaystiran la domes semi-wareeg ah. Derbiyada sare ee dhismaha ahaayeen sarraysa dhererka dhismaha qaab taajkii marsho asalka ah. dabaqa The dhulka of madaxtooyada lagu ladhay rustication, dabaqa sare - lebenku malaasay dabadeed. daaqadaha cusubi Beautiful abuuro dareen ah qalcaddii ah Dr Makumbe. naqshadaha Monumental oo dhamaystiran Chesmensky Palace bandhigay qalcaddii la isku halayn karo deyr leh.

gudaha

By habka, Chesma Palace (St. Petersburg), oo dibadda lagu qurxiyey in style lozhnogoticheskom gudaha ma aha maldahan ugu yar ee Gothic. gudaha ayaa waxaa loogu talagalay in style ee Catherine classicism hore ugu jeceshahay.

On darbiyada aad arki karin darfahoodii, medallions, moldings, ubaxyo, iyo ubaxyo isku ubaxyo in ay noqdaan dad ganacsi ah Yu. M. Feltena. mugga ugu weyn ee guriga degan qolka weyn ee saddexagalka, waxaa lagu qurxiyey farshaxan by F. Shubin gallery muujinayay ugaasyadii grand Ruush iyo boqorro.

Mashaariicda Felten ku jiray oo dhan hoolalka lagu qurxiyey iyo qolalka xarunta madaxtooyada, wuxuu dhawray soo gaaray alaabta iyo dharka, taas oo noqon doonta inay istaahilaan inay qurxin gudaha ee madaxtooyada. Gaar ahaan loogu talagalay inuu joogitaanka cusub Ekaterina amartay in warshad galaas Ingiriisi adeegga casho Wedgwood of 952 alaabta, kuwaasoo mid walba uu Ymer rihii a - dabeecadda Chesmensky Palace. Maanta, adeeg this - decoration ee ururinta Hermitage ah.

Taariikhda Xumeeyaan loola dhaqmo gudaha quruxda badan ee madaxtooyada. Waxaa wax yar ka hadhay - Wehbe oo farshaxan lagu wareejiyay museum, alaabta si tartiib tartiib ah wareersan. Laakiin sanadkii 2005, waxaa la dayactiray hoolka weyn ee deggenaanshaha, ayuu haatan kan la yidhaahdo St. George.

Palace iyo Ekaterina Velikaya

Chesme Palace ee St. Petersburg noqday mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu cadcad ee Empress. Waxay inta badan soo booqday isaga, iyo marka lagu fuliyay xaflado ah, dabaal.

Iyo sannadkii 1792, Catherine siiyey madaxtooyada in Chapter ee Order ee St. George. Tan iyo markii ay halkan hoolka wareega dabaqa labaad, ayaa lagu qabtay kulan oo ka mid ah Knights ah Order, oo inta badan ka soo qayb galay Empress ah. Isla meel u maareyn, archive iyo khasnadda.

dhimasho, oo gurigii Catherine weyn ka dib, nasiib darro, waxa ay ahayd in burbur ah.

sanado badan la dayacay

Paul, kuwaas oo si xoog yimid, gabi ahaanba ma rabto in aad isticmaasho madaxtooyada. Marka Alexander labaad iyo madaxtooyada way madhnayd, labo jeer oo keliya waxa ku jira nastay gabadha of Institute Catherine.

Under Nicholas Church koowaad ee madaxtooyada loo adeegsaday fulinta diyaar aaso ee ugaasyadii Grand ah. Halka aad habeenkii boqorka meydka walaalkiis of Alexander qaatay, halkan waxa wareejiyay sanduuq raaxada ah oo loo qaaday aaska halkan. wax la mid ah ku dhacay jirka Elizabeth Alekseevna.

almshouse

Emperor Paul ma jeclaan wax isaga xusuusiyay hooyadiis, oo sidaas daraaddeed ayuu Chesma madaxtooyada aanan ka qayb galin, oo doorbiday in uu waqti in Gatchina qaataan. xataa inuu doonayo in la siiyo Palace poorhouse ah, laakiin mashruuca aan la fulin. Guddiga wuxuu helay wax aan macquul ahayn si ay u abaabulaan, sharxaya failure ee biyo la'aanta.

About fikrad this xusuustay Nicholas I, kuwaas oo 1830 soo saaray amar ah oo ku saabsan samaynta masaakiinta ciidamada madaxtooyada Chesma ee naafada ah iyo veterans ee 1812 sano dagaalka. Sayidka dhamaatay sheekadii dhismayaasha madaxtooyada.

Waayo, habboonaan iyo in la kordhiyo aagga of madaxtooyada waxay ku dadaaleen habeyn weyn. A. Shtaubert naqshada loo sameeyey si loo su'alaha madaxtooyada in hotel ee dadka naafada ah. Waxa uu dhameystiray dhismaha saddex dabaq isla, iyaga xiro baas cusub iyada oo xoogeeyey munaarado, rukunka. Iyada oo xoogeeyey munaarado, naftooda ayaa laga saaray iyo bedelay parapets waayihiisa ee Xamar. iridda leben bedelay cusub ee kabka-birta.

Dabaqa 2aad ee kaniisadda la daahiriyeyna waxay jiilaalka. Halkii kaymaha iyo seeraha hore ee park caadiga ah fasax ah dadka deggan socdaa. Afar sano ka dib, hospice ahaa diyaar, waxaa meel laga yaabaa 400 guests. markii qaar ka mid ah ka dib, on daash kasta oo aan u dhisay meel dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan 2 dabaq. Tartiib tartiib ku dhisan dhismayaasha dheeraad ah oo ku baabbi'iyeen qubuuraha. Sayidka dhamaaday aayaha dhismaha naqshadda - ugu quruxda badan, dubaan, jacaylka waqti Catherine ee.

Muddada Soviet

In 1919 Chesma madaxtooyada sugayaan baaritaan cusub. Almshouse la xiray iyo in xaafadda abuuray xero loogu tala galay maxaabiista dagaalka iyo colka nidaam cusub. Chesma Church boobay, furteen iyada cross, wax tara oo ku birqaabyadii meeshiisii iyo dubbe, sida calaamadaha of marxalad cusub.

In 1930 dhismaha Palace ee Chesmensky hore wareejiyay Institute Road. Waayo, baahida hay'adda si ay u dhisaan on baal mar kale. Iyo inta lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, ayaa kiniisaddii iyo madaxtooyada ayaa waxaa si xun u dhaawacay by qarax. Dagaalka ka dib, dhismaha siiyey Institute Leningrad ee Aviation.

In 1946, Palace la cusboonaysiiyey, in kastoo aan si gaar ah oo ku saabsan ilaalinta ee ka muuqday asalka ah. hawlahaas uu hogaaminayo dhise A. ku Korjagin.

maalin maanta

Chesma photo madaxtooyada waa kaliya in degree ugu yar ekaan fikradda asalka ah ee naqshada maanta ayaa weli ay leedahay Jaamacadda Aerospace Instrumentation.

Manor Park u furan yahay helitaanka dadweynaha. Iyo 1994, markii Church Cesme soo noqdeen kaniisada Orthodox ka, wuxuu bilaabay inuu dib u soo celinta ee gudaha iyo muuqaalka dibadda macbudka. Maanta, wuxuu u muuqdaa ku dhowaad gebi ahaanba ku beeganto dhismaha ee qarnigii 18aad.

Horraantii qarnigii 21, waxaa la go'aamiyay in la soo celiyo hoolka weyn ee xaafadda, oo sanadkii 2005 si rasmi ah u furay. hall The yaaliin Maktabadda Jaamacadda iyo marti dhacdooyin rasmi ah oo kala duwan. Nasiib darro, maanta oo keliya qaybo ka mid ah dhismaha ugu weyn ee laguu ogolaado in aad si aad u aragto fikrad aan caadi ahayn Felten.