Charles Sanders Peirce - aasaasihii pragmatism iyo semiotics: Biography ah, shuqullada waaweyn

Charles Sanders Peirce - American Faylasuuf, logician, xisaabyahan ah, iyo saynisyahan, oo qaar ka mid ah ayaa loo yaqaan "aabbe u ahaa pragmatism". Wuxuu waxbarashadiisii dugsiga uu helay sida farmashiyaha iyo shaqeeyay sida cilmiga ah muddo ka badan 30 sano. Waxaa mahad kaalintii uu geeystay macquulka ah, xisaabta, falsafada iyo semiotics. Sidoo kale saynisyahan caan American in soo saareen qodobada ugu muhiimsan ee falsafad hadda - pragmatism.

aqoonsi

Charlz Pirs - waa innovator ah ee xisaabta, statistics, falsafada, iyo sidoo kale qaar ka mid ah hababka cilmi ka mid ah cilmiga kala duwan. Pierce qudhiisu logician ugu horrayn waxa weeyi tixgeliyo. Waxa uu kaalin weyn in ay sayniska this. Isla mar ahaantaa, waxaa furay macquulka ah ee jidka u ikhtiraac cusub iyo gunaanad. Oo wuxuu arkay macquulka ah sida laan rasmi ah oo semiotics, aasaasihii ah taas oo ahayd. Intaa waxaa dheer, Charlz Pirs qeexay fikirka ah sababaynta abductive, iyo sidoo kale induction ku adag diyaariyey xisaabeed iyo sababaynta deductive. Horeba 1886, wuxuu arkay in hawlgallada macquul ah la fulin karo by wareeggeedii Beddelashada korontada. Fikradda isku loo adeegsan jiray labaatan sano ka dib soo saarka ee kombiyuutarada digital.

Waa maxay pragmatism?

Pragmatism - arrimuhu falsafad ah in bilaabay in Maraykanka ee 1870. Pragmatism arko sidii aalad hillaadinta iyo furdaaminta dhibaato iyo ficil, iyo sidoo kale ku gacansaydhay fikradda ah in shaqada maskaxda aadanaha la xidhiidha metaphysics iyo wax aan la taaban karin sida xaqiiqada isku midka ah iyo saameynta ay qaddar sirdoonka sare. Pragmatists ku doodaya in runta waa waxa kaliya in siinaysaa natiijooyin waxtar leh wax ku ool ah. Pragmatism Charles Peirce qeexayaa "koonkan a beddelo", halka idealists, waaqiciyiin iyo Thomists (raaca fikirka Catholic) opinion "koonkan is beddelin." Pragmatism - waa falsafad, taas oo lid ku ah oo dhan isku day inaad sharaxdo metaphysics iyo sambolagen runta kasta jihada gaar ah si loo dhanyahay ku meel gaadh ah inta u dhaxaysa dadka degaanka daraasadda.

Waa maxay semiotics?

Semiotics - daraasadda of macnaha digayaan geedi socodka. Tan waxaa ku jira waxbarasho ee calaamadaha ah hababka semiotic, tilmaamaha ay calaamadeeyay la mid ah, eegtahay, waa masaal, sarbeebta iyo calaamadda. daraasaddan baadhayaa sayniska ee calaamadaha iyo astaamaha oo qayb ka ah isgaarsiinta. Taas bedelkeeda, cilmi afaf, semiotics waxaa sidoo kale sahaminta nidaamka calaamad non-luuqadeed.

Semiotika Professor Charles S. Peirce

The semiotics of Charles Peirce tilmaamaysaa tiro ka mid ah fikradaha muhiimka ah (fikradda ah calaamadaha, macnahooda iyo xiriirka calaamad). Wuxuu ogaa in meesha this cilmi waa in ay sayniska midaysan - semiotics. Sidaa darteed, Pierce ayaa loo aqoonsaday fikradaha aasaasiga ah ee semiotics, in ay kala soocidda:

• Calaamadaha walxood: calaamadaha graphic, taas oo macnaheedu yahay muhiim ah oo ay leeyihiin ansaxnimada caadi ah semantic. Mid ka mid ah tusaale ahaan waa calaamadda digniinta "Digniin: carruurta", taas oo muujinaysa reer socda. Taasina waxay keentaa in calaamada wadada si uu u yareeyo xawaaraha wadada waxaana la dhigay meel u dhow dugsiyada, xannaanooyinka, qaybaha isboortiga yar (ama farshaxan), iyo wixii la mid ah. D.
• Calaamadaha jirrabo: sidoo kale ka dhigan tahay micnaheedu waa walax (ama ficillada) lala ugu yaraan fog ee waqti ama meel. Mid ka mid ah tusaale ahaan waa calaamado ku saabsan waddooyinka, taas oo ku siin macluumaad socotada ku saabsan magaca, jihada iyo masaafada in ay tuulada soo socda. Sidoo kale, calaamadaha muuqaalka ah, oo ay muujiyaan, tusaale ahaan, waji kaduudid - tixgeliyaa ah calaamad-index, maxaa yeelay, waxaa la isugu gudbiyo gobolka aadanaha dareenka (kiiskan - cadhadii).
• Calaamadaha-calaamado: ku tusay oo signifier tahay qof hal ka yar askunmay ee convection gaar ah (ay timaado pre-heshiisyada). Waxaad keeni kartaa in tusaale ka mid ah calaamad waddo in waaya- "flip" saddexagalka ah. Tusi calaamad taasoo la micno ah - a "siin jidka", laakiin ay naqshada aad u leedahay waxba kuma laha tallaabo xiiso, sababta oo ah waxay si fudud ayaa la rogay saddexagalka. Under soo askunmay isku dhacaa, calaamadaha qaranka, halkaas oo wax image waa xogsiin ah ee dhammaan. Calaamooyinka waxay noqon kartaa erayada oo dhan ee luqadaha jira, laakiin in liiska laga reebo heli eray-dayashada (sida "croak", "Meow", "guuxid", "sanqadha" iyo wixii la mid ah).

Charlz Pirs: Biography

Cambridge ee (Massachusetts), oo ahaa ina xisaab caanka ah American iyo astronomer Benjamin Peirce ku dhashay on September 10, 1839,. Charles uu hogaaminayo a nolosha hore mudan: waalidiinta diiday in uu anshax iyo carruurtooda baraan maxaa yeelay, waxaan ka cabsadaa si loo xakameeyo ay shaqsi. Intaa waxaa dheer, jawi waxbarasho iyo aqooneed ee guriga qoyska ka mid ah, oo inta badan soo booqday by sharaf heer sare ah ruuxi ah oo muhiim ah, Pierce uma ay oggolaan in ay doortaan kala duwan oo ah kuwa ka jeedsada Jidka sayniska. Ka mid ah marti inta badan ahaayeen xisaabyahannada fiican iyo saynisyahano, gabayaaga, qareeno iyo siyaasiyiinta. In deegaanka this, dhallinyarada Charles Pierce ahaa awoodaan si ay u ilaaliyaan raaxada iyo danta.

Pierce wuxuu ahaa kan labaad ee shan ilmaha ee qoyska. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa afar walaalo tayo leh kuwaas oo ay sidoo kale qayb ahaan lala noloshooda madaxda sayniska iyo sar sare. Dzheyms Mills Peirce (walaalkiis oday) raacay aabbihiis Jaamacadda Harvard, halkaas oo uu ka bartay xisaabta si qoto dheer.

walaal kale leedihiin, Herbert Henry Pierce, ayaa qabtay shaqadiisa ama majaalka in sirdoonka ee Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda ee. walaalka ka yar, Benjamin Mills Peirce, bartay injineernimada iyo ahayd guul, laakiin uu ku dhintay da'da yar ee aagga this. walaalo Talent, gaar ahaan Charles, inta badan ee la xidhiidha sirdoonka weyn iyo saameynta ay aabbahood, iyo sidoo kale la jawiga guud ee nolosha-aqooneed oo iyaga ku hareereysan si joogto ah.

Charlz Pirs: buugaag, waraaqaha sayniska

The caan iyo sumcad ah Pierce waxaa inta badan ku salaysan ay tirada waraaqaha cilmiyeed lagu daabacay ee joornaalada sayniska American. wuxuu qoray iyo dib u fiirinayaan ee "American Academy of Arts oo Sciences", ee "Academy Qaranka ee Sciences" ee Journal of Philosophy kuteen Popular Science Bishiiba. shuqullada Sayniska ee Charles Sanders Peirce xisaabta iyo falsafadda kala qaybsan yihiin laba marxaladood: daabacay intii uu noolaa oo uu dhintay ka dib.

Books Pierce intii uu noolaa

• Buuga "The waxbarashada photometric" 1878. 181-page allifaadda ku saabsan isticmaalka hababka spectrographic ah xiddigaha.
• Buuga "Studies in Logic ee Johns Hopkins '1883kii. Collection of shuqullada sayniska ee ardayda ka qalin iyo dhakhaatiirta, isaga qudhiisu ka mid yihiin, Charles Pierce, berrinkii macquulka ah.

Daabacaadan posthumous Main

Jaamacadda Harvard dokumentigii badan naagtiisa Pierce helay uu dhintay (1914) ka dib. In uu xafiiska helay oo ku saabsan 1650 qoraal gacmeedyada la daabicin ee guud ahaan 100 000 pages. aqooneed marka koowaad la daabacay of articles Pierce ahaa buugga hal mugga ah oo cinwaankeedu ahaa "Fursada, Love iyo Logic:. maqaalka falsafad ah" Work hirgaliyay, edited by Morris Raphael Cohen ee 1923. Later bilaabay in ay u muuqdaan iyo anthologies kale iyo publications ku jiray 1940, 1957, 1958, 1972, 1994 iyo 2009.

Inta badan qoraallada ah Pierce horay loo daabacay, laakiin waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah xaaladaha aan iftiinka maba yaqaaniin by waraaqo aan ku filnayn.

• 1931-58: "A collection of articles by Charles Sanders Peirce" ee 8 Muga. Halkan waxaa ku qoran oo dhan ee uu shaqada ee muddada u dhaxaysa 1860 in 1913. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shaqada ugu ballaaran oo badan dhala in ay bilaabaan in 1893. Markii hore, articles aan la habaysan oo kala duwan size, sidaas editor la baahan yahay in ay soo wareejiyaan nooca saxda ah. From the first to mugga lixaad edited by Charles Hartshorne, oo toddobaad iyo siddeedaad - Arturom Burkom.
• 1975-87: "Charles Sanders Peirce: Kaalinta qaranka" - 4 Muga. ururinta waxa uu leeyahay in ka badan 300 oo dib u fiiriyaan oo articles Pierce, kuwaasi oo ay qayb ahaan la daabacay intii uu noolaa in muddada u dhaxaysa 1869 in 1908. Collection of waraaqaha cilmiyeed lagu daabacay, edited by Kenneth Lane Keener iyo James Edvarda Kuka.
• 1976 - ilaa waqtiga xaadirka: "Qaybaha New of Mathematics of Charles S. Peirce" - 5 Muga. Halkan waxaa lagu soo daabacay ugu wax soo saarka Pierce shaqeeya xisaabta. Editorial - Kerolin Eyzele. Status of mashruuca aan ka fogayn weli "ee horumarinta."
• 1977 - ilaa waqtiga xaadirka: "Correspondence dhexeeya Charles S. Peirce iyo Viktoriey Uelbi ka 1903 si ay u 1912-th."
• 1982 - ilaa waqtiga xaadirka: "Qorniinka of Charles S. Peirce - taariikh Edition". Mashruuca kowaad wuxuu ahaa daabacaadda ee 2010, laakiin shaqada sii wadaan in ay maanta. Marka koowaad la daabacay 6 Muga dabooli nolosha cilmiga ah ee muddada u dhaxaysa 1859 in 1889.
• 1985 - ilaa waqtiga xaadirka: "Taariikhda dhinacyo sayniska Pierce: taariikhda of science" - 2 Muga. Edited Kerolin Eyzele.
• 1992 - ilaa waqtiga xaadirka: "hadal on macquulka ah ee wax" - muxaadaro by Professor Pier sanad th 1898. Dib u eegis: Kenneth Lane Kinner uga hadashay Hilary Putnam.
• 1992-98: Muhiimka ah Peirce - 2 Muga. tusaalooyin muhiim ah oo shuqullada falsafada Charles Pierce. Edited Nathan Hauser (mugga 1-deedii) iyo Christian Clausel (mugga 2aad).
• 1997 - ilaa waqtiga xaadirka: "Pragmatism sida mabda'a iyo habka fikirka saxda ah." Pierce Collection of khudbado on Pragmatism at University Harvard ee foomka of a publications waxbarasho kooban. Editorial: Patricia Ann Turis.
• 2010 - ilaa waqtiga xaadirka: "The Philosophy of Mathematics: Works soo xulay." Exclusive, hore u marna la daabacay, shuqulka Pierce oo duurka ku ah xisaabta. Dib u eegis: Metyu Mur.

tabarruca ah saynisyahan weyn ee sayniska

Charles S. Peirce sameeyey taxane ah oo daahfurtay bilowgiis ee macquulka ah ee rasmiga ah, xisaabta aasaasiga ah. Sidoo kale, ardayba, American waa aasaasihii pragmatism iyo semiotics. Inta badan ee uu shaqada sayniska waa la mahad ilaa uu dhintay ka dib. Saynisyahanka dhintay on April 19 1914.