Bond Donor-aqbalana: Tusaalooyinka walxaha

bond Donor-aqbalana, ama duwo bond - nooc ka mid ah bond covalent. Aqoonsadaan muuqaalada kala duwan ee noocan ah ee isgaarsiinta, waxaan ku bixineynaa tusaalooyin muujinaya in laisla.

covalent bond

Si aad u bilawdo, dooro qaababka kala duwan ee ugu curaarta kiimikada covalent.

Waxaa laga yaabaa in kala horjeeda iyo kuwa aan kala horjeeda, taas oo ku xidhan booska uu ka labada ciyaaryahan electron dhexeeya atamka ka. Haddii uu jiro wareeg ah qayb ka mid ah cufnaanta electron jihada of mid ka mid ah atamka ka dhacdaa horjeeda covalent bond kiimikada. arrin A la mid ah waa u suurtoobaan formation of bond u dhexeeya non-birta, isagoo electronegativity kala duwan. Marka waxaa lagu sara kiciyaana, wareeg ah oo muhiim ah labada ciyaaryahan electron ee jihada la eb la index sare ah EO ah. Marka formation of bond u dhexeeya non-birta isagoo qiime isku mid ah electronegativity aan arkay labada nin wareeg ah electrons, xidhiidh noocan oo kale ah waxaa loo yaqaan nonpolar ah.

Tusaale ahaan waa oxygen, hydrogen, Allena iyo fosfooraska. bond Polar waa Aashito, biyaha, ammonia.

Waxaa jira xilli u gaar ah, mahad taas oo lagu garan karaa tirada lammaane electron waxaa sameeyay inta u dhexeysa atamka.

Marka la eego in formation of xiriir u baahan tahay laba electrons yeelan doontaa saddex xiriirka ka dhexeeya atamka nitrogen ah, i.e. badnaanta isku dhiganta saddex. Donor-aqbalana bond - waa kiis gaar ah oo ay nafteeda ku covalent kala horjeeda, laakiin waxaa la wareegay dhexgalka intermolecular walxaha.

Features of hab ay

Si ay u sameeyaan bond covalent dhexgalka a caadiga ah ku filan u dhaxaysa laba electrons (total lammaane). bond Donor-aqbalana sameeyey by kiimikada iyada oo labo ka mid ah electrons ka hal dhinac (ka deeq a), madhan (free) on orbital eb kale (aqbalana). Xaaladdan oo covalent horjeeda (non-kala horjeeda) iyo isgaarsiinta dhexgalka deeq-aqbalana electrons ah ayaa ugu danbeyn noqday wax caadi ah.

Waxbarashada ammonium waxbarashada

Sida waxa la aasaasay of bond deeq-aqbalana ah? Tusaalooyinka walxaha siiyey in koorsada of chemistry dugsiga sare, waxbarashada ammonium kooban. Ina keena aynu fiiriyo waxbarasho dheeraad ah.

Nitrogen, oo qayb ka ah Britain ayaa ammonia waa koox shanaad (koox hoosaadka ugu weyn) ee miiska wareegsan. On ay dibadda heerka tamarta shan electrons. In formation of taagoo ammonia ee ku xirid covalent nitrogen horjeeda ku bixiso saddex electrons, sidaa darteed labada ciyaaryahan electron ah, kaas oo aan ku lug lahayn nidaamka noocan oo kale ah, ayaa weli aan la isticmaalin.

Waxa ay ahayd tii xaq u leedahay inaad jimicsi sifooyinka deeq marka taagoo ammonia la dipoles biyo isaga siiyey. In biyo at waxbarashada hydrogen a leeyihiin electron u gaar ah, sidaa daraadeed waxa uu muujinayaa guryaha aqbalana.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah markii u taagoo ammonia ku dhow ku filan in protons hydrogen ka biyo yihiin, daruur nitrogen ka kooban laba electrons jirsado in waxbarashada hydrogen jiidashada, waxa uu noqonayaa mid caadi ah iyaga. Natiijadu waxay tahay formation of xiriir tetravalent dhexeeya nitrogen iyo hydrogen, waxaa la wareegay hab deeq-aqbalana. Tani waa waxa loo yaqaan tusaale classic of formation of a bond.

Waxbarashada oxonium waxbarashada

In manhajka dugsiga (heerka aasaasiga ah) looma haysto oxonium siifilisku (hydronium), sida aragtida Protolytic of xal waxaa bartay oo keliya heerka profile ah. Tan waxaa sidoo kale waa la isticmaalay bond deeq-aqbalana, tusaalooyin ka mid ah formation aragti dhaw.

Sida deeq kiiskan u shaqeyn doonaa sida Britain oo biyo ah, iyo muujinayaa sifooyinka aqbalana proton ah. Viewed hab deeq-aqbalana - waxa loo yaqaan chemistry salka xeryahooda adag, oo sidaas daraaddeed u qalmaa fiiro gaar ah. Wuxu aragti nuxurka acids electrolytic burbur, cusbada, saldhigyada, marka la kala diri biyo siifilisku iyo anions.

Marka laga gudbo sida uu dhacaa hoyiyay sabab ku xidhay electrons in qolof ah barxadda dibadda ee atamka xariirin karo. Sayidka la kordhiyo tirada electrons ee qolofka dibadda ka mid ah.

The formation bond geynta labaad

Waxaa jira hab kale oo la aasaasay bond deeq-aqbalana a. Tusaalooyinka dhexgalka sida tiro badan yihiin, gaar ahaan dhismaha fluorides biraha. Waxaa jira isticmaalka labo ka mid ah electrons ka mid ka mid ah atamka ficil. Sidaas darteed, mid ka mid ah la eb ku darayaa ilaa lacagta ugu badan ee ay maqaarka, laakiin ay sabab u tahay qayb ka mid, ma dhammaan sideed electrons, kaliya qayb ka mid ah qaar ka qaad. electrons kuwa aan ku lug leeyihiin, waxaa lagu magacaabaa lacag la'aan ah, iyo iyadoo la kaashanayo dadka kale iyo in la abuuro bond deeq-aqbalana a. Tusaalooyinka formation Lahjadaha bond deeq-aqbalana sida la xidhiidhaan fluorides biraha dhulka alkali iyo cawaaqib xumadoodu waxay. Tusaale ahaan, sidoo kale diyaarisay fluoride sodium, potassium, calcium.

Maxaa kale waa ka duwan yahay bond deeq-aqbalana? Waxaan kala saari karaa xeryahooda deggan timi sabab u ah hababka la mid ah formation of kiimiko ah. Tusaale ahaan, kala diridooda ku biyo of fluoride hydrogen, xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya chloride ammonia iyo aluminium, taas oo horseedaysa formation of xeryahooda adag.

gunaanad

Marka la eego xukunka dhexgalka deeq-aqbalana, la soco in gaasaska inert si fiican u dhaqmi karaan deeq-bixiyeyaasha sida firfircoon, tan iyo qolof dibadda leedahay lacagta ugu badan ee electrons. Experimentally bayaankan ayaa si buuxda la saxay iyo aqoonsaday oxides gaasas inert waxaa la aasaasay by isdhexgalka deeq-aqbalana.

Noocan ah bond covalent waa muhiim gaar ah nolosha aadanaha. Waxa intaa dheer in ka qaybgalka firfircoon ee ay nolosha sabab u bond deeq-aqbalana ka abuuri karaan cuntooyinka of diyaarinta dawooyinka kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, hab formation kor ku wada hadleen tixgeliyo formation waxbarashada ammonium of ammonia waxaa si balaadhan looga isticmaalaa in daawada casriga ah.