Dhirta unuglaha: tusaalooyin iyo sifooyinka

All noolaha on Earth u qaybsan yihiin laba kooxood oo waaweyn - gacanta iyo kuwa aan gacanta. Arintaan waxaa ka mid ah fayrasyada oo keliya, laakiin hore - oo dhan xayawaan kale ku nool. cell waxay noqon kartaa eukaryotic (leeyihiin qaab-dhismeedka ka mid ah bu'da unugga) ama prokaryotic (offline core). Arintaan waxaa matala bakteeriyada, iyo ugu horeysay ee ka mid ah kooxaha kale ee xayawaan. Dhismaha ugu iyaga ka mid ah wuxuu ka kooban yahay unugyo badan, laakiin waxaa jira in kooxdan oo ah noolaha hal-unuglaha, dhirta, fangaska, iyo xataa xoolaha. Arintaan waxaa ka mid ah amoeba, ciliates, fangaska - khamiir, Mucor, Penicillium.

Dhismaha unugyada dhirta-hal unuglaha

organisms Kuwanu waa eukaryotes, in uu yahay, oo ay DNA waa in xuduntii, taas oo uu leeyahay shaqo ka ilaaliya. Sida unugyada dhirta oo dhan, ay ka kooban organelles gaar ah sida vacuoles iyo plastids. Sidoo kale in ay qaab-dhismeedka ka kooban yahay mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes, hay'adaha Golgi iyo reticulum ku endoplasmic, ie set oo ah organelles, heerka for dhan eukaryotes.

shaqada organelles

Mitochondria fuliyaan mid ka mid ah doorka ugu muhiimsan ee gacanta - ay soo saaraan tamarta oo dhan geeddi socodka nolosha. Lysosomes ayaa ka mas'uul ah dheefshiidka intracellular nafaqooyinka. Functions yihiin Avv borotiinka ribosomal ka acids amino shaqsi.

Golgi The synthesize taagoo qaar ka mid ah oo kala soocaa oo dhan horumariyo cell wax.

reticulum Endoplasmic waxaa sidoo kale ku lug-shiid ah, aruursaday macdanta synthesizing subaga iyo phospholipids. Organelles kuwa gaar ah si ay u aasaan unugyada, iyo qabtaan hawlo muhim. In geeddi-socodka ah ee photosynthesis dhacdaa chloroplasts, vacuoles iyo shaqeeyaan doorka taangiga for walxaha aan loo baahnayn cell.

dhirta unuglaha. tusaalooyin

Noocan ah noolaha yihiin fasalka algae. The tusaale ugu duwanyihiin waa hal-unuglaha dhirta chlamydomonas. Tani waxay sidoo kale ka mid noqon kara chlorella iyo noocyada kala duwan ee diatoms.

muuqaalada dhismaha

dhirta unuglaha ee noocyada kala duwan ay leeyihiin sifooyinka ay kala gaar ah. In kastoo kulligood way wada waxay ka kooban yihiin hal qol, laakiin waxaa laga yaabaa sifooyinka gaarka ah u gaar ah.

Chlamydomonas - wakiil ugu caansan ee algae unicellular. Waxay ku kala duwan dadka kale ee in uu leeyahay organelles sida isha light-xasaasi ah, taas oo go'aan ka gaari kara noolaha meesha ay ka jirto tamarta qorraxda dheeraad ah oo photosynthesis. Halkii, chloroplasts badan oo ay leeyihiin mid ka mid ah, loo yaqaan chromatophores waaweyn. Sidoo kale in ay qaab-dhismeedka ka kooban yahay vacuole contractile ah. Waxay u dhaqmaan sida bambooyin in lisidda dareeraha xad-dhaaf ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa ay leeyihiin laba flagella, organelles ogolaada in jidhka u guurto dhinaca iftiinka. dhirta kale oo ka mid ah-unuglaha - chlorella.

Like Chlamydomonas, iyagu waa algae cagaaran, laakiin aadan haysan organelles badan oo gaar ah, sida kor lagu sharaxay noolaha. unugyadooda - cuntada caadiga ah.

Diatoms sidoo kale codsan in dhirta hal-unuglaha. Iyagu waa qayb weyn oo ka mid ah plankton ku nool meydadka weyn oo biyo ah. Waxay leeyihiin xuub gaar ah unugyada jirka ka ilaaliya deegaanka dibadda. Waxay ka kooban tahay dioxide ah ee Silicon, oxides birta, aluminium iyo xarumaha kale. From haraadiga qolofka loo sameeyay oo ah macdanta badan. Inta badan dhirta hal-unuglaha saari habka qaybinta. All noolaha sida helaan wax nafaqa oo ay dhex photosynthesis, ie ay yihiin autotrophs.