Battle on Ice ku saabsan: nidaamka iyo hir dagaalka

Battle on Ice ah - mid ka mid ah dagaaladii ugu waaweynaa ee taariikhda Ruushka, inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo Prince of Novgorod Aleksandr Nevsky ka muuqataa on Lake Peipsi duuleen Knights of Order ee Livonian. Waayo, qarniyo badan, taariikhyahanadu tago muran ku saabsan faahfaahinta dagaalka. Waxyaabaha qaar aan caddayn ilaa ugu dambaysta, oo ay ku jiraan sida ay meel qaatay Ice ah. Wadista iyo dib u dhiska ah ee qaybo ka mid ah dagaalka this noo oggola inuu u muujiyo qarsoodiga qarsoon ee taariikhda la xiriira dagaal weyn.

Background colaadda

Tan iyo 1237, markii Pope ku dhawaaqay bilowgii saliibiyiinta soo socota si ay dalka Baltic bari u dhexeeya madaxda Ruush on gacanta ku hal, iyo Sweden, Denmark iyo Order Jarmalka Livonian - Dhanka kale, haysaa danab joogto ah, taas oo wakhtiyada la koray ficil military.

Sidaas daraaddeed, in 1240 ka Knights Swedish hogaaminayo Birger Jarl degay afka Neva, laakiin ciidanka Novgorod gacanta ugu Prince Aleksandra Nevskogo iyaga looga adkaaday dagaal muhim.

Isla sanadkaas, Order Livonian ka fulisay weerar on dalka Ruushka. Ciidamada uu qaaday Izborsk iyo Pskov. Qiimaynta khatarta Novgorod veche ee 1241 dib ugu boqornimadii Alexander ugu baaqay, in kastoo ay dhawaan isaga laga eryo. Prince soo ururay xulka iyo Livonians guuray. Bishii Maarso 1242, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay sii daayaan Pskov. Alexander dhaqaaqay ciidamada uu u hantidii Amarka, jihada of the bishopric of Dorpat, halkaas oo ay Saliibiyiintu ka soo ururiyeen xoog badan. Dhinacyada ayaa dagaal loo diyaariyey ka go'aan.

Dadka ka soo horjeeda April 5, 1242 ku kulmaan Lake Peipus, markaas weli daboolay baraf. Taasi waa sababta ka dib helay magaca dagaalka - Battle of Ice ah. Lake halka qaboojiyay qoto dheer ku filan si ay u adkeysan askari oo hubaysan.

Ciidamada dhinac

ciidanka Ruush ahayd qaab-dhismeedka halkii burbursan. Laakiin muhiimka ah waxaa ka mid ah, waxaan shaki ku jirin, waxay ahayd kooxda Novgorod. Intaa waxaa dheer, ciidanka soo galay ee loo yaqaan "shelf hoose" ayaa keentay boyars. Tirada guud ee maleeshiyada Ruush lagu qiyaasay by taariikhyahan at 15-17 kun oo qof.

ciidanka, sidoo kale, ay ahayd habooneyn Livonians. laf Battle of Knights uu si xoogan u hubaysan Amarada Military , madax Master Andreas von Velvenem, taas oo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, in dagaalka laftiisa lama lug. Sidoo kale in ciidamada deenishka bay gaashaanbuur la ahaayeen, iyo maleeshiyada magaalada Dorpat, kaas oo ka mid ahaa tiro badan oo Istooniyaan. Tirada guud ee ciidammada Livonia waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 10-12 kun oo qof.

hir dagaalka

Ilo Historical naga macluumaadka si caddaalad ah yeesheen oo ku saabsan sida dagaalka laftiisa in la geeyo. Battle on Ice bilaabay la xaqiiqada ah in qaansoleydii oo ka mid ah ciidamada Novgorod soo baxay, oo daboolay roobdhagaxyaale ee Knights hawlgalka fallaadho soo qaatay. Laakiin tan dambe ayaa laga yaabaa, iyadoo la isticmaalayo dhismaha ciidamada, loo yaqaan "doofaarka" in ay burburin dabley iyo jebin xarunta ciidamada Ruush.

Maxaa yeelay, xaaladda this, Alexander Nevsky ku amray ciidamada in ay gaaraan oo xanjaadka u Livonians. Knights qaaday in dhaqdhaqaaqa pincer ah. Waxaa bilaabay halaagoodii aan loo meel dayin ee dagaalyahan Ruush. Ciidamada darran Amarka, markay arkeen in ciidamada ay ugu muhiimsan yihiin adkaaday, loola cararay si ay uga baxsadaan. Xulka Novgorod eryadeen socda muddo ka badan toddoba kiilomitir. dagaalka ayaa ku dhamaaday guul dhamaystiran ciidamada Ruush.

Kaasi waxa uu ahaa warkii Battle ku Ice ah.

dagaal wadista

La yaab ma laha ee buugaagta gudaha arrimaha ciidamada ayaa loo qaaday meel istaahila Ice ah. Shaxda hoos ku, si cad u muujinaysaa hadiyad Taliyaha a Aleksandra Nevskogo oo bilawday hawlaha dagaal aad u fiican.

On map-ka, waxaan si cad u arki ciidamada Livonian horumar degdeg ah bilowga ah ee madaxda sare ee kooxda reer Russia. Sidoo kale muujiyeen Knights ambabaxay iyo duulimaadka ku xiga ee Order ciidamada kaabayaal ah, kaas oo lagu dhameeyey iyo Ice. Nidaamku wuxuu kuu ogolaanayaa inaad si ay u dhisaan xogta ay dhacdo in hal silsilad, oo aad bay u fududeeyaa u dhiska ka dhacay koorsada dhacdooyinka dagaalka ku jira.

cawaaqib dagaalka

Ka dib markii ciidanka Novgorod guul buuxda ka badan ciidamada Salibiiga, waxa mudnaan of Alexander Nevsky weyn, heshiiska nabadeed oo la saxiixay oo Amarka Livonian in gabi ahaanba ay ka tanaasulaan dhawaan qaniimooyin ay dhul ka mid ah dalalka oo Ruush. Waxaa sidoo kale ku badelay maxaabiista.

guuldarada, kaas oo soo gaaray in Order ee Battle of Ice ah, waxay ahayd mid khatar ah in uu ahaa muddo toban sanadood ah leefo boogaha iyo xitaa uma maleynayo oo ku saabsan duulaanka cusub ee dalka Ruushka.

No guul ahmiyad yarayn Aleksandra Nevskogo iyo macnaha guud ee taariikhiga ah. Ka dib oo dhan, waxaa la go'aansaday ka dibna qaddar ee dalalkan iyo dhamaadka dhabta ah si gardaro ah ee saliibiyiinta Jarmal jihada bari la dhigay. Dabcan, ka dib markii in Order la ma ahan oo keliya isku dayaya in ay jeex meel dhul ah oo Ruush, laakiin marnaba leeyihiin duulaanka ma qaadan sida qof weyn.

Qalad iyo sumadaynta la xidhiidha dagaalka ku

Waxaa jira aragti in inta badan waa in ay Battle of Lake Peipsi ciidanka Ruush caawiyay barafka, oo ma dhali miisaanka Knights Jarmal hubeysan oo bilaabay inuu dego iyaga ka hooseeyey. Dhab ahaantii, ma xaqiijin taariikhiga ah ee xaqiiqda ma aha. Waxaa intaa dheer, sida lagu sheegay daraasad dhawaan, miisaanka Knights qalabka Jarmal Ruush iyo Knights ka qayb dagaalka ku, wuxuu ahaa qiyaas siman.

saliibiyiinta Jarmal ee view of dad badan, kaas oo ugu horayn u waxyoonay by filimka, waa koofiyado cuirassiers hubeysan, inta badan lagu qurxiyey geesahood ah. Dhab ahaantii, charter ee Order ee mamnuucaya isticmaalka qurxinta koofiyad-dhajinta. Sidaas ma geesihii Livonians, mabda ', ma noqon karaan.

natiijooyinka

Sidaas darteed, waxaan ogaaday in mid ka mid ah dagaallada ugu muhiimsan iyo mid taariikhi ah oo ku saabsan taariikhda dalka ayaa ahaa Battle of Ice ah. nidaamka dagaalka inoo ogolaatay in si cad loo soo saari ay koorsada iyo loo ogaado sababta ugu weyn ee ay guuldarada ka mid ah Knights ah - dib ciidamada marka ay dayasho loola cararay weerarka.