Aragtiyaha cafimaadkaba casriga ah

Sociology sida sayniska bilaabay si ay u horumariyaan qarnigii 19aad iyada oo shuqullada saynisyahan Faransiiska Auguste Comte. Aasaasihii of cilmiga Auguste Comte ugu horeysay sheegay baahida loo qabo in la abuuro sayniska ee bulshada. Isagu waa aasaasaha of jihada positivist.

Heerarka Horumarka Sociology

   Dhibaatooyinka la xiriira amarka bulshada, ka fiirsaneysa Plato iyo Aristotle ee Giriigii hore, T. Moore, Francis Bacon iyo Machiavelli ee Renaissance ah, Thomas Hobbes, Locke John., Rousseau, Montesquieu ee jeer casriga ah.

Qarnigii 19aad, cilmiga uu bilaabo inuu si firfircoon u horumariyaan. Waxaa jira shuqullo ee Herbert Spencer, Comte, Marx, Somalisch. Markan la odhan karaa marxalada koowaad ee horumarinta cilmiga bulshada (1840-1880 GG.).

Heerka labaad (1890-1920 GG.), horumar ah ee sayniska ee bulshada ayaa la xiriira horumarinta hababka cilmiga falanqaynta iyo horumarinta hay'adaha categorical. rimidda Positivist ee Herbert Spencer iyo Auguste Comte sii waday in ay yeeshaan in shuqullada saynisyahan Faransiiska Emile Durkheim, qoraaga aragtida ah, oo ku salaysan falanqaynta functional of hay'adaha bulshada. Ilaa waqtigan, waxa uu bilaabo inuu dhiso dugsi sayniska ee Max Weber, aasaasihii oo ka mid ah "garasho" cilmiga, taas oo, in uu aragtida, waa inay fahmaan waxqabadka bulshada iyo isku dayaan si ay u sharxaan in ay horumarka iyo natiijada.

Wejiga saddexaad (1920 ilaa 1960) waxa lagu gartaa bilowgii horumarinta firfircoon ee cilmiga ee dalka Mareykanka, iyadoo ay ka qayb taaban karo. Ugu muhiimsan ee xilligan la joogo waa aragtida ah ee Talcott Parsons, taas oo noo ogolaadaa in si ay u matalaan bulshada sida nooc ka mid ah qaab-dhismeedka functional firfircoon. Charles Mills ayaa abuuray waxa loogu yeero "cilmiga cusub", kaas oo siiyey horumarinta cilmiga ficilka iyo muhiim ah.

. Marxaladda afaraad ee horumarka sayniska, kuwaas oo bilaabay in 1960, wakiil kala duwan oo habab, fikradaha, tiro ka mid ah qorayaasha: Aragti Robert Merton, ethnomethodology H. Garfinkel, aragtida ah ee interactionism calaamad G. Mead iyo G. Bloomer, fikrada isku dhaca iyo Encoder dadka kale.

Cafimaadkaba casriga Aragtida

The first to codsan falanqaynta dhismaha-functionalist baadhitaan ee bulshada, waxay ahayd A. Radcliffe-Brown. Waxa uu bulshada arko nooc ka mid ah superorganism in uu leeyahay oo dhan shuruudaha lagama maarmaanka u ah jiritaanka waxa, dhab ahaantii, waxaa jira hay'adaha bulshada. B. Malinowski ayaa sheegay in fikradda ah function oo codsatay hab functionalist inay daraasadda ka mid ah dhaqanka. Parsons waxaa loo arkaa aasaasihii fikradda nidaamka-functional ah. Waxaa sii horumariyo R. Merton ah, kuwaas oo soo bandhigay fikradda ah aragtiyaha heerka dhexe.

Aragtiyaha cafimaadkaba casriga ah ayaa sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah aragtida ah ee interactionism calaamad, taasoo horumarisa J. G. Mead iyo Charles Cooley. Personality la rumeysan yahay Charles Cooley, waa natiijada isgaarsiinta. nin Personality noqdo dhex dhexgalka (dhexgalka) u dhexeeya shakhsiyaadka. J. G. Mead jeediyay fikradda ah in tallaabo gaar ahaaneed iyo bulsho waa in la sameeyey iyadoo la kaashanayo of characters helay shaqsiyaad ee geedi socodka of bulsheed.

aragtiyaha cilmiga casriga ah oo aan la malayn karo iyada oo aan maanta cilmiga ku A. phenomenological Schyutsa, kuwaas oo sheegay in si toos ah ifafaale ka jira maanka oo aan la xiriira gunaanad macquul ah. P. Berger iyo T. Lukman noqday kuwa loo yaqaan ay shuqulkiisa u sameeyaan on dhismaha bulshada ee dhabta ah. By Peter Berger iyo bulshada Thomas Luckmann isku jiri karaan sida xaqiiqada Ujeedada iyo shakhsi ahaan.

Wakiilada neo-Marxism ahaayeen Adorno, Marcuse, Habermas, Erich Fromm. Maarkiistaha mabaadiida habka aasaasiga ah: go'an tahay in ay humanism, positivism, iyadoo ay diidmada ah qiimayaasha la wadaago iyo xaqiiqooyinka, xoraynta ee qofka ka soo noocyada ugu kala duwan ee dhiig-miirashada.

Bourdieu, aasaasihii structuralism ku-ool ah, ayaa isku dayay in ay ka fogaadaan iska hor imaad ah ee cilmiga af iyo qoraal taaban karo.

Kuwanu waa aragtiyaha cilmiga casriga ah ee aasaasiga ah.