Adipic acid. Guryaha iyo Codsiyada

Adipic acid (waxaa jira magac kale oo ah walaxda - 1,4-butandikarbonovaya acid, magaca nidaamsan - geksandiovaya acid) - waxaa yareysey dicarboxylic acid. Waxay leedahay formula kiimikada soo socda: HOOC (CH2) 4SOON iyo formula guud C6O4H10. Waxay leedahay sifooyinka kiimikada la mid ah sida acid ee carboxylic. Foomamka Salt, kuwaas oo qaar badan yihiin L. biyo (H2O). Esterified ee qaybsamaa iyo Mono. Iyada oo glycols geksandiovaya foomamka acid polyesters.

Guryaha ee adipic acid

1. mass gaws waa 146,1 garaam / mol.

2. Mugga of 1.36 grams / jirjirroolaha.

3. milmi xadidan ee ethanol, khamriga preservative iyo acetone.

4. milmi biyo (H2O) waa sida soo socota: 15 digrii - 1.44 g per 100 g oo biyo ah, 40 digrii - 5.12 g; at 70 digrii - 34.1 g

guryaha kaamerada geksadiovoy acid

1. dhibic barafku waa 153 ° C.

2. heerkulka daatay waa 210 - 240 ° C.

3. dhibic karaya The (at 100mm Hg) waa 265 ° C.

4. heerkulka decarboxylation waa 300-320 ° C.

5. enthalpy ee sari waa -2800 KJ / mol.

6. enthalpy barafku of 16.7 KJ / mol.

7. enthalpy uumi waa 18.7 KJ / mol.

Sida loo helo adipic acid?

In warshadaha walax this waxaa muhiimad diyaariyeen qayilo laba tallaabo ah cyclohexane ah. First, isku dar ah ee cyclohexanol iyo cyclohexanone, kaas oo markaas kala muxaadaro. Ka dibna waxa cyclohexanone waxaa loo isticmaalaa si loo soo saaro caprolactam, iyo cyclohexanol oxidized 40-60% HNO3 xoog (acid nitric). Iyadoo habkan, dhalidda acid adipic ku saabsan yahay shan iyo sagaashan boqolkiiba.

Mid ka mid ah hababka rajo diyaarinta adipic acid waa butadiene hydrocarbonylation.

Maxaa siyaabo kale oo loo sameeyaa si ay u helaan acids carboxylic, sida adipic? Waxa kale oo laga heli karaa by oksidheeyeyaal cyclohexane la acid nitric (HNO3) heerkulka a of + 100-200 ° C, tetroxide dinitrogen (N2O4) heerkulka a of +50 ° C ama Allena (O3).

Adipic acid waxaa sidoo kale diyaarisay by carbonylation of THF (tetrahydrofuran) sida anhydride acid adipic, taas oo ka dibna waa in ay bixiso xiriirka walax Ujeedada.

Isticmaalka adipic acid:

- maalkiisu waa wax a ceeriin (isticmaalo saabsan sagaashan boqolkiiba acid ka soo saaray) ee soo saaridda of polyhexamethyleneadipamide, iyo sidoo kale polyurethanes iyo esters daayee;

- isticmaalaa sida daro cuntada ah (E 355 diiwaan hoos tirada) in la siiyo wax soo saarka ee dhadhan dhanaan (oo ay ku jiraan wax soo saarka ee cabitaannada fudud);

- Adipic acid waa qayb weyn oo ka mid ah hab loogu talagalay descaling;

- waxaa loo isticmaalaa in meesha laga saaro wax ka hadhay ka dib markii buuxinta kalagoysyada u dhexeeya dusiyeen of dhoobada sameeyey;

- isticmaalka acids carboxylic sida adipic acid, waxay muhiim u tahay diyaarinta intermediates dardaro.

In kasta oo dareen-celin kiimikada qaadataa adipic acid?

1. Tani xarunta dul reaction la Biraha kala duwan, hydroxides iyo oxides aasaasiga ah lagu edbiyey u cusbada u dhiganta.

2. Waxaa Leexin daciifin karaa acid ka ay cusbo.

3. In joogitaanka ah acidic acid adipic Hannaan sameynayso la alcohols. In foomkan esters.

4. Marka kululaynta cusbada ammonium of amides acid adipic loo sameeyay.

5. Under tallaabada ee SOCl2 adipic acid waa la beddelay chloride acid baahisey.

Esters of Adipic acid  

1. Metiladipinat loo isticmaalo dimethylsebacate Avv electrochemical.

2. hardener Dialliladipinat waa cusbi caag.

3. Etiladipinat waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida daro ah in Baasiin in la kordhiyo tirada falkaas ay.

4. adipate preservative waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida plasticizer ah ee soo saaridda filimada cuntada, kabaha, PVC, maqaar dardaro, alaabta lagu ciyaaro, linoleum, saqafka ganaax.

5. adipate diisopropyl waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida qayb ka mid ah la isku qurxiyo for maqaarka.