ZIL-170: caddaymaha iyo sawiro

baabuur KamAZ waa ku arkay wax kasta. Oo waxay magicii mishiinka, sawirka kaas oo hoos lagu soo bandhigay? Caadiga ah ee qaabeynta cabover xakame KamAZ, iyo saddex qof oo cab ah ... oo wuxuu warqado "ZIL" ee dhammaadka hore. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani ma aha shil. Waxa ay u muuqataa sida baabuur ZIL-170 - nooc ka mid ah "aabbe" baabuurta ka soo baxay Albaabka (adag warshad wax soo saarka ee baabuurta "Kamaz") warshad Naberezhnye Chelny ku.

Xaqiiqdu waxay tahay in model ugu horeysay ee KAMAZ hadda waxaa loo qorsheeyay in shirkad kale, iyo kuwa wakhtigaas, marka geedka "Kamaz" ma jiraan. Waxaan helay amar Plant soo saarka. Likhachev ( "ZIL"). Waxa ay ahayd shirkad kaliya kuwaas oo-soo-saarka awoodda waqtiga u qaadan kara. model waxa uu ahaa guul, iyo kadib marka ay bilaabaan wax soo saarka ee Naberezhnye injineerada Chelny go'aansaday in aysan ahayn mid lagama maarmaan ah in loo cusboonaysiiyo giraangirta markii labaad. gaari xamuul ah ayaa marka hore soo degay line kiniisadda, wuxuu ahaa muuqaalada ku dhowaad isku mid ah in ZIL-170 gaariga, sawir taas oo aad ka arki kartaa in dib u eegis this.

taariikhda model

Ka hor inta si toos ah Socota inay sharaxaad ka mid ah gaari xamuul ah, waxaan la soco in gaariga ugu horeysay KamAZ soo baxay irdaha Warshadda 1977. farqiga kaliya in loo arki karaa in mishiino casri ah, steel laydhkaaga qaab, halka ZIL-130 xubno nalal aan ka yarayn caan ku wareegsan.

Sidaas daraaddeed, sababta in Kamaz kowaad waxaa warqado kale? Taariikhda ZIL-170 waxay bilaabeen in ay 60s ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay, marka Likhachev Moscow ee Plant siiyey amar aad ku qorshayso ah baabuurta cusub alaabta culus. Sayidka Minavtoprom carabka ku adkeeyay labo dhibcood: marka hore - gaari xamuul ah waa in uu ahaado sida Western (cabover), iyo labaad - waxaad u baahan tahay in la dhiso wax soo saarka meel cusub. Waxaa xusid mudan in waqti isku mid ah, geedka ahaa horumarinta kasii of ZIL-130, iyo sidoo kale baaritaanka beerta 3169 daydo in kaliya laga yaabaa in la kulmo dhammaan shuruudaha wasaarada.

Gaariga lahaa awoodda weyn, xamuulka aan ka yarayn, laakiin waxa uu ahaa gaari bonneted Soviet. In taxanaha ah, ma uu tegin. Ka dib markii model ee warshadda waa in la noqdo ZIL-170. Sheekada Car abuurka bilaabmaa 1968, markii irdihii warshad ka baxo cagaf cabover hore (ka dib KamAZ-5410). In 1969 wuxuu daabacay version tijaabo ah oo ka mid ah baabuurta iyo baabuur qashin qubka (siday u kala horreeyaan, KamAZ 5320 iyo 5510). Isla sanadkaas, dhismaha warshad bilaabmin, taas oo markii danbe u baxay oo dhan guulaha ZIL, hoos magaca KamAZ.

The lagu daydo ugu horeysay ee shirkadda cusub ayaa sidoo kale soo xirtay astaanta, on surta geedka. Likhachev. warqado KamAZ (logo qaab faras socda waxa uu ku dhashay badan ka dib), sida ay legend, muuqday markii ENEA arkay finalkii ugu horeeyay ee gaari xamuul ah ka soo warshadda ee Naberezhnye Chelny. Qof ka socda Wasaaradda sheegay in mishiinka macmalay ee ganacsi kale, waa in aan dhali magaca ZIL ah. Sidaas darteed, dhirta Moscow soo laabtay fursadaha design goofo, iyo ZIL-170 ka yar magaca KamAZ soo saaray ilaa maantadan la joogo.

Protopip

Ka dib markii la helo hawsha, geedka "ZIL" iibsaday fursado dhowr ah reer galbeedka iyo ugu dambeyntii degeen on mid ka mid ah. Waxayna la mid noqdeen wax soo saarka American International.

qol baabuur cusub si aad u hesho qaab wax yar ka badan asalka ah, oo leh fascia hore sac oo qurxoonayd oo laydhkaaga wareeg ah dual. Arin kale ka American ah ayaa ah ee suunka kursiga ee darawalka iyo mid rakaabka (meel rakaabka labaad uu hore u muuqday on Kamaz ah.) From noocooda ah waxaa sidoo kale laga isteerinka xoog iyo fikradda nidaamka kala jejebiyey multi-wareeg.

qaybta awood

In 1969, dhirta engine in Yaroslavl helay si kale - si ay u horumariyaan dibna sii daayo matoorada ee gaariga cusub. Iyada oo waa in this engine cusub oo awood ku filan - aan ka yarayn 200 oo litir. a., tan iyo markii gaariga supersize doonaa. Yaroslavl bandhigay version a YaMZ-6E641, waxa kale oo injineerada yeelatay PPC YaMZ-E141. Waxa ay ahayd version ugu horeysay ee engine ku-ZIL 170. engine The hindisi lahaa jiilka labaad ee 1970, sida nidaamka ogaadaa dhibaato halis ah.

The gaari cusub model engine helay gaabiyay YaMZ-740. Sida muuqashadii ugu horeysay, waxay ahayd 8-dhululubo engine naaftada la mugga a of 10 litir oo heshiis V- qaabeeya dhululubada ah. Its awoodda ahaa 210 litir. a. Haddii aan ka hadlo heerarka 'Euro', waa xeerarka waa lagama yaabo in ay ka jawaabaan, laakiin sanadkii 1970, waxay ahayd doorasho aad u wanaagsan, iyo inuu yahay kan ahaa ku ZIL-170 baabuur.

astaamaha farsamo

samaynta ayaa la siiyay in nuqulkii hore ee in: marka hore, mishiinka waa in ay ahaadaan ku filan midaysan, iyo marka labaad, waa in ka mid ah oo dhan (ama ku dhowaad dhammaan) horumarka cusub ee waayahaas. Mid ka mid ah go'aanada, kuwaas oo ahaa gudbinta. Yaroslavl samatabbixiyey ay sanduuq 5 xawaare. Samaynta ayaa waxa uu u adeegsaday, laakiin daray qaybiye ah, taasoo keentay in tirada kor u xawaare ilaa 10. noocooda The, ka dibna wax soo saarka mass helay 10 geerka Weeraryahanka iyo 2 dambe.

circuit qaybiye ahaa xad cusub laakiin aad u fudud - 2 oo kaliya tallaabooyin. Wejiga kowaad wuxuu ahaa mid noqoshada toos ah - sida ku qaadeen shantii top, iyo tan labaad waa sii korodhay, si ay u suurto gal ahayd in ka mid ah 6-dii iyo kuwa ku xiga. qaybiye Tani waxay sidoo kale soo shaqeeyay jihada dambe, mid xawaaraha - "baxay sanduuqa", iyo tan labaad - by hagaajinaysa qayb.

Axels

Sidoo kale, mid ka mid ah xaaladaha kor ku xusan, si ay aheyd inuu noqdo heerka 6x4 of 3 faasas, giraangirihiina 6, laba dhidibka drive. horumar cusub ayaa la isticmaalay halkan. dariiq dhexaad hore iyo intii dambeba lahaa fallaadhihii drive ay, halka celcelis ahaan waxaa lagu qalabaysan kala duwan xarunta a.

isticmaalka shidaalka

Mid ka mid ah qaababka cusub, kaas oo la kadibna maray sida dhaxal wuxuu curadkii ee warshadda cusub - taas oo ah isticmaalka shidaalka ugu yar. Truck ZIL-170 qaadataa guud ahaan 34 litir 100 km. Tilmaamayaasha Kuwanu waa ilaa maantadan la joogo kuwa ugu hooseeya ee gaadiidka culus-waajib in ay fasalka.

fursadaha dibadda

Isagoo ka hadlayay oo ku saabsan xogta dibadda ee mashiinka, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la tixgeliyo dhowr dhibcood. Gaariga ay aheyd inuu noqdo culus-iyo ikhtiyaarka ugu horeysay ee miisaanka jidhka of 8 ton ah ayaa qaadan karta 6 tan oo xamuul. noocooda waxa uu ahaa gaari xamuul ah oo flatbed la tarpaulin, laakiin ka dib markii uu u tegey oo baabuurta, iyo qadaha baabuur. Si kastaba ha ahaatee si dhow ula horumarinta beddelka, kuwaas oo hore u yimid ee warshadda ee Naberezhnye Chelny. Sidaa darteed, si ay u sharxaan, oo waxay qaadan saarnaa version. All-beegyada uu ka mid ah ZIL-170 waxaa lagu muujiyey in nidaamka aan kor ku soo bandhigay.

cabbir Main, oo waxay ahaayeen isku mid u ah mashiinada oo dhan, waxaan si gooni gooni ah ku qor. Total dhererka - 7435 mm, masaafada u ka soo go'ay ee xarunta ugu horeysay wheel - 1275 mm dhexeeya faasas taayirada danbe - 1320 mm, xagga hore danbe ee xarumaha - 3190 mm. width Guud - 2500 mm, inta u dhaxaysa taayirada on dariiq dhexaad ka mid ah - in yar ka badan 2000 mm. War sidee labada gadaal ah oo ulahooda wareejiya xoojiyeen - 4 on wheel kasta.

Waxa kale oo aad ka mid noqon kara biruhu ku caan hiitarka in xogta dibadda ee midigta sare ee dhamaadka hore, kaas oo la dhaxlay KamAZ, iyo waxyaabo kale oo badan oo ka soo baxaan shuruudaha caalamiga ah, sida kaba hoose ee teendhada.

gunaanad

"ZIL" ahaa warshadda kaliya ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, kuwaas oo horumarka, helitaanka ee taxanahan, wuxuu noqday si joogto ah u guuleysata, tusaale ahaan, ka ZIL-130. Dad badan oo lagu daydo ku xiga ahaayeen xeebtaha ka taxanaha ugu weyn (131, 132, 133 540). Sidaasay u bilaabay iyo ZIL-170. Wixii la sii daayo qoraalkii kuwaas oo u dhisay warshad oo dhan. The baabuurta koowaad ee horumarinta ganacsiga cusub soo celin "ZIL", laakiin ka dib waxa ay noqotay mashiinka ahaanba ka duwan tahay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, labada waxay ka heleen codsiga in industry ee casriga ah.