Yegor Gaidar. Biography, dhaqdhaqaaqa. Qoyska siyaasi Ruush

Maanta, dad badan oo gariiraan xusuusi ku heyso inay 90-s, marka malaayiin dad ah ayaa lagu qasbay in ay la kulmaan oo dhan dhibaatooyin kala guur ah ka hantiwadaagga in shuuciyad. Mid ka mid ah tirooyinka muhiimka on goobta siyaasadeed waqtiga ahaa Yegor Gaidar. Inkasta oo tan iyo dhimashada siyaasadda maray 5 sano, wali dood kacsan oo ku saabsan dib u habaynta dhaqaalaha qabtey by ay qorshaha la hagaajiyey.

Yegor Gaidar: Biography, dhalasho waalidka

Magaca siyaasad in USSR hore lagu yaqaanay in ay iskuul kasta, sida malaayiin carruur Soviet ayaa kor u keenay tusaale ahaan ka mid ah geesiyaal ah buugaagta uu qoray uu awoowe - Arkadiem Golikovym. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii sokeeye ee uu la diriray in madaxda sare ee Ciidanka Cas, iyo halka u adeegaya in Khakassia uu lahaa naaneesta Gaidar. Later, qoraaga isaga qaaday sidii la odhan a, taas oo ka dibna maray in wiilkiisa uu ka guurka labaad Liey Lazarevnoy Solomyanskoy - Timur, ka dibna in uu awow. Sayidka, aabbihiisna wuxuu Egora Gaydara waa Ruush ah oo kaliya on aabbihiis, laakiin xidido ku leeyahay Yuhuudda ee hooyada.

Timur Abramovich waxa uu ku dhashay 1926 Oo noloshiisuna waxay ku Navy Soviet dhigeen, anigoo goor wanaagsan in taliyuhu uu Rear Admiral. Barbaro ah in ay taasi, in uu helay shahaadada labaad ee Kuliyadda ee Journalism iyaga WPA. Lenin, oo ka dib markii uu mustaqbalkiisa military, shaqeeyeen sidii wariye ka mid ah wargeyska "Pravda" dibadda. In 1955 wuxuu guursaday gabadhii qoraaga caanka Ruush Bazhov - Ariadne Pavlovna, iyo in 1956 ay lahaayeen wiil - Yegor Gaidar, Biography, dhalasho iyo waxqabad koodu saaxadda siyaasadeed ayaa hoos looga warbixinayaa.

carruurnimada

Egor Timurovich Gaydar (Biography, dhalasho waalidkiis aad hore u yaqaan) waxa uu ku dhashay ee Moscow. Sida la sheegay, isagu waa awow u ahaa laba qorayaasha si fiican u yaqaan. Iyadoo la tixgelinayo siyaasadda qaran, wuxuu ka fikiray qudhiisu Ruush.

At da'da hore Yegor ahaa ee Cuba, halkaas oo sida weriye wargeyska "Pravda", oo waxaa loo diray aabbihiis by. Waxaa uu kula kulmay Fidel Castro iyo Che Guevara, oo booqday guriga halkaas oo qoyska ku noolaa Egora Gaydara.

In 1966, wiilka loo qaaday Yugoslavia, halkaas oo uu ka noqday ogyahay suugaanta, kaas oo la mamnuucay ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, sidoo kale ay ogaadeen run, dareenka haydh haydh lahayn shaqada dhaqaale Marx iyo Somalisch ee.

In 1971 qoyska caasimadda ku soo noqday, oo Yegor Gaidar bilaabay inay ka qayb galaan tirada dugsiga 152, kaas oo 2 sano ka dib ayuu ka qalin la bilad dahab ah. Galay kuliyadda dhaqaalaha ee Moscow ee University, ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa oo waxay bilaabeen inay bartaan arrimaha qorshaynta in industry ee, iyo ka dib qaata shahaadada cas sii waday in ay horumariyaan aqoonta dugsiga qalin.

Career iyo cilmi hawlaha ee predperestroechny muddada

In 1980, Gaydar Egor Timurovich difaacay sida uu u sha PhD ku saabsan hababka is-maalgelinta, uu ku biiray xisbiga shuuciga ah, kuwaas oo ku hadhay ilaa August afgambi 1991 sano oo helay qaybinta ee Machadka Cilmi-baarista cilmiga ah ee Daraasaadka System.

Waxaa uu bilaabay inuu la koox saynisyahano dhalinyaro ah, oo uu hoggaaminayo si fiican u yaqaan oo ah dhaqaaleyahan Soviet Stanislav Shatalin shaqeeyaan. Soon Gaidar iyo saaxiibtiis ku hawlan falanqayn isbarbaryaal ee dib u habaynta dhaqaalaha ee dalalka xerada hantiwadaagga, aasaasay aaminsan adag in baahida loo qabo in dib u habaynta aasaasiga ah ee USSR.

Isla muddadaas, cilmiga la kulmay Anatoliem Chubaysom, oo hareerahooda sameeyay goobo ka mid ah waxay doonayaan waa isbedelka gudbikaraa oo dhaqaale sida maskax, midoobeen.

In 1986, Yegor Gaidar in kooxda hoos imaanaya hoggaanka Shatalina lagu wareejiyay Institute of Economics of the Academy of Sciences ee USSR ah, iyo in bulshada cilmiyaysan oo sabab u ah siyaasadda ee glasnost, Gorbachev dhawaaqay, waxa suurto gal ahayd in ay wada hadlaan arrimaha la xiriira diyaarinta, waayo, guurka in xiriirka suuqa.

in shaqada saxaafadda

Gaidar liberalizing fikrado dhaqaalaha iyo sidoo kale sii kari lahaa oo aan la garaneyn in dadweynaha guud, haddii cilmiga Ma aqbali doono dalabka ah si ay u noqdaan editor-xigeenka "shuuciga" magazine, iyo mar dambe - madaxa waaxda dhaqaalaha ee wargeyska "Pravda". In muddo this ee mustaqbalkiisa, wuxuu si firfircoon kor u fikradda yaraynta kharashka miisaaniyadda on gudbikaraa, ha keeno faa'iidooyin la taaban karo. Xaaladdan oo kale, marxalad hore ee ay hawlaha sida wariye Gaidar ahaa taageere ka mid ah dib u habaynta si tartiib ah in ay noqon lahaayeen suurtagal ah si ay u fuliyaan nidaamka Soviet jira.

Shaqadiisa sida guddoomiyaha Dowladda AI RSFSR ah

Habeenka August caanka ah ee 1991 Egor Gaydar ka qeyb galay difaaca ee Aqalka Cad. Waxaa uu kula kulmay Xoghayaha Gobolka ee G. RSFSR ku Burbulis. Last aaminsiiyey Yeltsin in aaminaya horumarinta barnaamijka dib u habaynta dhaqaalaha group Gaidar. Bishii Oktoobar 1991, waxaa lagu soo bandhigay Congress 5aad ee xigeenada Dadka, oo waxaa lagu ansixiyay ergooyinka. Dhowr maalmood ka dib, Gaydar Egor Timurovich ayaa loo magacaabay guddoomiye ku-xigeenka dawladda RSFSR mas'uul ka ah arrimaha dhaqaalaha, iyo June 15, 1992 noqday simaha Ra'iisul Wasaaraha. In meel this isaga ku sugnaa ilaa December 15, 1992 oo door muhiim ah in abuurista badan hay'adaha dawladda ee Ruushka, sida nidaamka canshuuraha iyo bangiyada, caadooyinka, suuqyada maaliyadeed iyo kuwo kale. Isla mar ahaantaana maanta, ee dadka naqdiya Gaidar waxaa ka masuul ah cawaaqibka xun ee dib u habaynta ah: qiimadhaca of kaydka dadka, sicir barar, hoos u dhaca wax soo saarka, hoos u dhac af ee heerka celceliska nool, iyo sidoo kale koritaanka sinnaan la'aanta dakhli.

dhibaatooyinka siyaasadeed iyo baarlamaanka ee 1993

Yegor Gaidar, kuwaas oo Biography ku jira tixraac ma aha oo kaliya ku saabsan ups, laakiin sidoo kale si taxne, ayaa aan la helin taageerada ku xigeenadiisa of Congress 7 of xigeenadiisa Dadka ee loo magacaabay Guddoomiyaha Dowladda. diidmada Tani si ay u ansixiyaan siyaasadda on mid ka mid ah jagooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee gobolka, oo ay la socdaan tiro ka mid ah sababaha kale ee keentay in bilowga xiisadda siyaasadeed.

Laga soo bilaabo December 1992 ilaa September 1993, Yegor Gaidar ahaa ku hawlan in shaqada sayniska. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa uu kula taliyay Madaxweynaha Ruushka on siyaasadda dhaqaalaha. Siyaasi waxa uu ahaa xubin muhiim ah inta lagu jiro xiisadda dastuuriga ah ee 1993, dhawr maalmood ka hor in, waxaa loo magacaabay guddoomiye ku-xigeenka Dowladda Chernomyrdin ah. Waxa uu ahaa kii weydiiyay Muscovites ee telefishanka oo ugu baaqay in ay soo ururin meel u dhow dhismaha City Council Moscow ee. Sidaas darteed, Habeenka September 22 on Tverskaya muuqday la xidhay, oo subaxdiina waxaa jiray duufaan Aqalka Cad ku dhamaaday guul ah taageerayaasha Yeltsin.

Si dhakhso ah u leexatay in Gaidar iyo Chernomyrdin leeyihiin kala duwan aasaasiga ah arrimaha ugu waaweyn ee siyaasadda dhaqaalaha dalka, sidaas Gaidar dhiibay in uu iska casilay, ka dib markii sharxaya ujeedadii uu tallaabo warqad uu u diray madaxweynaha.

hawlo dheeraad ah

Laga soo bilaabo December 1993 ilaa dhamaadka 1995, Gaidar ahaa ku-xigeenka of Duma Gobolka. Barbaro ah in ay this, wuxuu madax xisbiga "Choice Dimuqraadiga ah ee Russia". Inta lagu guda jiro siyaasi dagaal jejniya Yegor Gaidar dhigay cadawga kula dagaalamaynaa oo wuxuu u yeedhay Boris Yeltsin in la siiyo ilaa uu magacaabista muddo soo socda madaxweynaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib markii daabacaadda qorshaha dejinta si nabad ah dagaalka hubaysan ee Chechnya, xisbiga taageeray madaxa korkanaga ah ee gobolka.

block "Ururka Xuquuqda Ciidamada" waxaa la aasaasay sanadkii 1999. Sida uu ku soo galay xisbiga iyo Gaidar. In doorashada lagu qabtay December ee sanadkan, markii loo doortay ku xigeenka ka mid ah Duma State ee yeelataan shir saddexaad. Intii uu shaqada ee jirka ugu sareeya dejinta ee dalka Gaidar ka qaybqaatay horumarinta ee Xeerasha Miisaaniyadda iyo Tax.

siyaasadda dhimashada

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, nolosha Yegor Gaidar lahaa dhibaatooyin caafimaad oo gaar ah. Gaar ahaan, sanadkii 2006, wuxuu ku dhex taag darnaatay inta lagu guda jiro muuqaalka dadweynaha ee Ireland, ayaa loo qaaday qaybta daryeelka degdegga ah ee isbitaalka deegaanka iyo halkaas sii joognay dhawr maalmood. Tan iyo markii ay dhacdadan ka dhacay maalin ka dib markii lagu dhawaaqay ee lagu sumoobo la Polonium Alexander Litvinenko, in wararka xanta ah saxaafadda in Gaidar sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa dhibane u ahaa isku day dil ah. Waxaa la baadhay, laakiin wax caddeyn ah oo sun laga helay.

dhimashada Egora Gaydara dhacay December 16, 2009 at gurigiisa, oo ku yaalla tuulada male ah. dhaqaaleyahan si fiican u yaqaan waqtiga ay ahayd oo keliya 53 sano. Carruurta Egora Gaydara, gaar ahaan, gabadhiisa Maria, ayaa sheegay in aabbihiis dhintay wadne. Sida dhakhtarradu, ay magacaabay sabab u go'id ah thrombus.

siyaasadda aaska qabtay oo laga helay Xabaalaha Novodevichy. Egora Gaydara xaaskiisa iyo xubnaha kale ee qoyskiisa ma doonayaan in ay daahfuro taariikhda, sidaas aaska ka dhacay oo aan joogitaanka dibadda.

nolosha Personal

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay Egor Gaydar guursaday arrin hore, at da'da 22 sano. Doortay-arday dabcan 5aad ee awood dhaqaale ee State Moscow Jaamacadda noqday Irina Smirnova, oo ahaa siyaasi kulmay da'da 10 sano. Sida ka dib markii uu qirtay Egor Gaydar, noloshiisa qaaska ah ee mudada waxbarasho ee dugsiga ka qalin iyo in sannadaha hore ee Machadka Cilmi-baarista Daraasaadka System aan fartaan. Sidaa darteed, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in guurka ugu horeysay wuxuu lahaa laba carruur ah, ka dib dhalashada gabadhiisa, wuxuu bilaabay inuu ka fikiro furiinka.

markii qaar ka mid ah ka dib, Gaidar aroos u dhigay labaad la Maria Strugatsky. Sayidka, siyaasadaha xidhiidh buuna la yeeshay Soviet qoraaga caanka ah sheekooyin sayniska Arkadiem Strugatskim, oo noqday soddoggiis, iyo caanka Sinologist Iley Oshaninym cidda awoowe naagtiisa yimid. qoyska labaad Egora Gaydara socday ilaa dhimashadiisii, iyo in guurka uu lahaa wiil.

Carruurta Egora Gaydara

Sida hore u soo sheegnay, ka siyaasaddii ugu horeysey ee guurka wuxuu lahaa laba caruur, wiil iyo gabadh. Marka waalidku furo, gabadha la hooyadeed joogay, halka Walaalkeed - Peter - Irina Smirnova isku raacay in la sii waalidiinta ninku, kaasoo ah ee u caashaqday.

Intaa waxaa dheer, xaaskiisa labaad Egora Gaydara, kuwaas oo lahaa wiil ka xidhiidh hore, wuxuu lahaa guurka labaad wiil kale. Tani waxay dhacday sanadkii 1990, oo ilmaha loo magacaabay Paul. Isagu waa awow u ahaa Arkady Strugatsky iyo-awoowe Arkadiya Gaydara iyo Paul Bazhov.

Sayidka, siyaasadda oo dhan saddex carruur ah noolaha iyo mid ilmaha la korsaday.

Maria Gaidar

Dhammaan reer siyaasadda xilligan oo xiiso weyn laftiisa in ay soo jiidata ka guurka ugu horeysay gabadh - Maria Gaidar. furiinka ee waalidiinta uu ugu da'da 3 sano ka dib markii gabar jir ah wuxuu sii waday inuu la socday hooyadiis, kuwaas oo ugu dhaqsaha badan ugu guursatay ku nool. Mary Marka bartay fasalka saddexaad, qoyska u dhaqaaqay Bolivia. Ka hor inta safarka, ayay ku beddeleen magaca gabadha, oo iyana waxay noqotay Smirnova. 5 sano ka dib, Maria, oo ay la socdaan hooyadeed iyo adeer soo laabtay Moscow oo bilaabay inuu dhigto iskuul gaar ah maroojin ah Isbaanish. Magaca Gaidar ee, iyadu dib kaliya at da'da 22 sano, ka dib markii Academy of Dhaqaalaha Qaranka.

Ka dib markii la helo uu shahaadada sharciga, way tagtay iyada oo ah xirfadaha yar, isagoo soo shaqeeyay macalin, maamule iyo khabiir ku ah qorshaynta, ka dibna gabadhii Egora Gaydara inuu gacanta isku dayay sidii idaaciga TV at O2TV ah, oo tan iyo sannadkii 2008 - at Idaacadda "Echo ee Moscow" ayuu.

Barbaro ah in ay this, Maria Egorovna si firfircoon uga qayb dhaqdhaqaaqa siyaasadeed iyo in 2006 uu ahaa xubin ka mid ah Presidium Midowgii Xuquuqda Ciidamada. Waxay mar walba views oppositional oo si joogta ah u noqday baxyada xisbiga iyo socod by horjeeda oo ka mid ah maamulka hadda dalka ka abaabulay.

March 26, 2009 gabadhii Egora Gaydara noqotay-taliyihii ku xigeenka yaraa ee Ruushka, laakiin sanadkii 2011 ayay ku dhawaaqay iyada iska casilay oo xidhiidh la leh rabitaan ah in ay sii wadaan waxbarashada ee dalka Mareykanka, at the School of Public Administration u. John. F. Kennedy ee Harvard.

Ka dib markii ka soo laabtay Maraykanka, Maria shaqeeyay si kooban in xukuumadda Moscow, ka dibna horey u xigeenadiisa Moscow City Duma, laakiin waxaa izberkomom maanka ma diiwaan ogaanshaha ee xadgudubyada in dukumentiyada. Go'aanka waxaa la codsaday in maxkamada, laakiin ugu dambaysta ah aysan ansaxinin.

In xagaaga 2015 M. Gaidar ayaa loo magacaabay guddoomiye ku-xigeenka maamulka gobolka Odessa soo jeediyo Mikhail Saakashvili, iyo ka dib diiday jinsiyadda Ruush.

Shuqullada cilmiyeed ugu muhiimsan

Yegor Gaidar, kuwaas oo Biography ayaa hadda idinku waxaad ogaataan, shaki kuma jiro, door taariikhda ugu dambeeyay ee dalka. Its qiimaynta weli in la siiyo Faracoodii our, laakiin ma detract karaa mudnaanta siyaasadda sida cilmiga ah, dad badan oo ka mid ah fikradaha kaas oo la xaqiijiyay in uu dhintay ka dib.

Waxaa ka mid ah shuqulladii cilmiyeed ugu xiisaha Egora Gaydara in la ogaadaa waxa laga yaabaa:

• buugga "State iyo Evolution", ka go'an in ay xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya awoodda iyo hantida dawladda Ruush,
• shaqeeyaan "cillado ee Kobciyo Dhaqaalaha", taas oo ula macaamilooteen sababaha burburkii dhaqaalaha hantiwadaagga,
• article "On dib u habaynta ay hay'adaha maaliyadeed ee caalamiga ah" iyo kuwa kale.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, xiiso gaar ah waa shuqulkii "Fall of Empire ah", qoraal ah sanadkii 2006. Waxaa Gaidar saadaaliyay suurtogalnimada uu dhibaato ka imaan karto sabab u isbedbedelka qiimaha saliidda.