Waa maxay tareenka dhaqsaha badan ee dunida? xawaaraha gaaro technology ka 500 km / h

Travel by rail ku dhow isla markiiba ka dib markii la alifay ee tareenka uu ahaa sida ugu dhaqsiyaha badan in ay ka gudbaan masaafada iyo xaaladda this socday muddo ka badan hal qarni. Kaliya ee qarnigii XX ah, waxa uu noqday Zaman oo ka mid ah gaari iyo duulista, horyaalka tan la isku haysto. Laakiin injineernimada fikrad ma istaagaan, oo cusub oo degdeg ah, kaas oo farsamooyinka badan aerospace design maanta loo isticmaalaa si fiican u tartami laga yaabaa in awood kar leh hababka kale ee gaadiidka.

Race tareenada

tartanka Technical u dhexeeya wadamada ka muujiyay in siyaabo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan in dadaal lagu doonayo in la abuuro tareenka ugu dhaqsiyaha badan ee dunida. Hoggaanka tartanka this labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay qaybiyaan Japan, Faransiiska iyo Jarmalka, laakiin horumarinta deg deg ah oo salka warshadaha iyo sayniska ee dalalka Aasiya siinayaa sabab ay ku aaminaan in Shiinaha iyo South Korea ugu dhaqsaha badan ka doodid doonaa saarayaasha dhaqanka. Waxa intaa dheer in Bulshda dhaqaale, jawaabta su'aasha ku saabsan nooca tareenka waa dhaqsiyaha badan, go'aamisa ganacsiga iyo xitaa sharafta siyaasadeed ee gobolka, sidii oo kaliya in bartamihii qarnigii XX, madaxda dunida ka walwalsan ah oo ku saabsan mudnaanta bannaan ee. la mid ah ayaa la wanaajiyey robab mashaariic xadiidka cusub ee farsamada.

dhibaatooyinka farsamo iyo xalalka ay

Kasta xawaaraha dhulka gaariga waxaa xadiday heerar sare oo khilaaf, windage ammaanka iyo arrimo. Dhammaan saddex xaaladaha kuwanuna waa sanqadh muhiimad gudbi karin, laakiin taas macnaheedu ma in ay saameyn ma waa la dhimi karaa. saarayaasha Diyaaradaha helay waayo-aragnimo in la abuuro noocyada aerodynamic, monorail iyo technology magnetic levitation - kuwani waa siyaabaha ugu muhiimsan kaas oo abuuray u baxeen tareenada casriga ah. tareenada-xawaaraha sare ku siin ay hawlgal on a tracks tareenada caadi ah ama buundooyinka kale saareen si gaar. xal cilmiga ah ee duurka ku of physics ee magnetism for codsiga ah farsamooyinka ugu dambeeya si ay macno u duuli badan biraha ku abuuray xaalado.

New track Japanese

tareenka ugu dhakhsaha badan ee qalabka ciyaaraha adduunka si ay uga soo guests waxaa la abuuray ka hor Olympics Tokyo ee 1964. Its magaca "Shinkansen" loo tarjumay ka Japanese sida "track cusub", taas oo caddadka ay fuliyeen weheliyaan heerka qaaradeed. Xawaaraha waa mid cajiib ah, mar in ay ahayd fantastik. Meelaha qaarkood tareen horumartay 270 km / h, kuu oggolaadaan in aad si ay u helaan in ay Osaka ee saddex saacadood. Mashruuca ayaa soo baxday in qaali, laakiin bixisay in saddex sano. Hawsha ugu weyn ay ahayd in la abuuro line a tareenka-sax sare, laakiin ay jiraan dhibaatooyin kale oo farsamo, taas oo ay heleen go'aankii hore.

tartanka Japanese iyo Faransiis

record xawaaraha ee todobaatanaadkii hore, ku garaacday Faransiis ah. tareen TGV safri xawaare ka badan 330 km / h, kaas oo hadda loo arkaa iska caadi ah ee noocan ah ee gaadiidka. Laakiin waxay u leexatay in mashruuca Japanese ah «Shinkansen» leedahay sifooyinka farsamo ugu muhiimsan ee nidaamka wax farsamo, kuwaas oo, halista ka beddelid. Suurtagalnimada ee horumarinta waxaa suurto gal ah in sii horyaalka. rikoorka dunida waadaxa ah ee 581 km / h, index this go'aamiso kale ah, Magaca rasmi ah Shinkansen "bullet" ee. Ilaa maanta, ku dhowaad kalabar qarni ka dib bilowgii dhaqdhaqaaq khadka Osaka Tokyo-, waa tareenku ugu dhaqsiyaha badan adduunka.

Maxaa Faransiis ah ayaa ku guuleystey?

In kasta oo ay da'doodu ka badan (uu wakiishay 1971), Faransiiska "Grand Vitesse» TGV adag heysta kaalinta labaad. Laakiin, sida ciyaartoyda, tareenada muuqda heerarka kala duwan. Sanadkii 2007, waa mucjiso of technology in ay kala eryaan in xawaaraha rikoor ah ku dhawaad 575 km / h a. Tani waa qiimaha liidataan guusha ee dhigiisa ah Japanese, laakiin xaqiiqada ah in model design ka magnetic ganaax TGV POS aan la isticmaalo. Sayidka, tareenka Faransiis express - tareen dhaqsiyaha adduunka ee, dhaqaaqin biraha caadiga. Waxaa jira feature kale ee gaariga this gaar ah, dhererkiisuna - ku dhawaad 400 oo mitir. Waxaa tareenku wayn adduunka of waasac ka mid ah dhaqso leh.

Chinese "Jarmal"

Rakaabka duullimaadyada soo degaya garoonka Shanghai Airport gaari karaan magaalada daqiiqadii. "Tariinkan" si toos ah terminal waa stop ugu dambeeya ee tareenka. Helitaanka off trapa- "bunching" iyo raacay by dhismaha weyn terminal dhowaan yimid iman gaariga, ay gudaha kama duwana jetliner ku transcontinental: kursiyada hore diyaarad la mid ah, iyo xataa stewardesses quruxsan. Fogaanta saldhiga tareenka uu yahay in ka badan 30 kilomitir u, waxa guulaysta tareen this ee ku saabsan todobo daqiiqo ka. scoreboard waxaa ku rakiban albaabka laga soo galo ee kor ku xusan, waxaa suurtagal ah in ay sii socoto xawaare ka dib ka badan dardargelinta si ay 500 km / s maalintii. Night tareen express guuro dheeraad ah si tartiib ah (430 km / h), taas waxa u sabab ah sababo ammaan dartood. Sida magacaba ka muuqata, ciidanka khilaaf samaynta in ay ka gudbaan levitation ku magnetic. Waa in la ogaadaa in inkastoo ay Chinese «degenaansho», Shanghai Tariinkan tareenka xidido ku leeyahay dalka Jarmalka. Waxaa la abuuray ee Germany, khabiiro shirkadda Transrapid ee horumarsan iyo tareenada kale-xawaaraha sare ee dunida. SMT model, taas oo noqotay saldhigga Shanghai "Tariinkan" ah, dhameystiray waafaqsan rabitaanka macaamiisha. rakaab ah ee mucjiso this of technology waa arrin dimoqraadi ah - 40 yuan kaas oo ku saabsan shan doolarka Maraykanka.

Laakiin waxa na ku saabsan?

horumarka Ruush ee rail-xawaaraha sare ilaa duwan yihiin Furuujtooda. 250 km / h, taasoo horumarisa ah "Sapsan", ayaa dhawaan u muuqday natiijo fantastic, laakiin ku saabsan asalka ah guulaha ay ka soo saarayaasha keentay ma waa mid cajiib ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, in kasta oo magaca Ruush, waa asal ahaan ajaanibta ah, ka dhigay in Germany, shirkadda caansan dunida ee Siemens ka. Tobankii top Express this tago dhexeeya St. Petersburg oo Moscow, laguma darin. Lama oga in mustaqbalka dhow ay samaynta Ruush isku dayaan in ay abuuraan tareenka ugu dhaqsiyaha badan ee dunida. kharashka Development of diidanaa stock waa weyn, laakiin dhismaha kaabayaashii la xidhiidhay ku kici doona oo badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Russia weli xadiidka xoog badan, iyo dhererka guud ee dariiqyada, iyo mugga gaadiid badeecadaha iyo in gaadiidka rakaabka. Haddaba mar sheegi doonaa.