Waa maxay maaskaro subnet ah? IP-address iyo maaskaro subnet

Sida aad ogtahay, computer kasta ee shabakada wax alla wixii uu laga yaabaa, ayaa cinwaan tiro loo yaqaan-IP address. Dabcan, waa guud ahaan runta ah oo keliya, waayo, shabakadaha ku salaysan hab maamuuska TCP / IP, si kastaba ha ahaatee, hadda waa ku dhowaad wixii network ku salaysan ay ku salaysan. Anyway, ka this gooni cinwaanka, shabakad Kundarbetsplats leedahay oo xuduudaheedu yar oo saamayn ay la macaamilaan qalab kale. Qofka ugu horeeya ee iyaga ka mid ah waa maaskaro shabakadda, taas oo aan dabooli doonaa in this article.

maaskaro subnet, cinwaanka albaab, iyo ...

Haddii aad isku daydo si aad u hesho macluumaad ku saabsan xidhiidhka ka hadda, marka lagu daro dadaalka badan in aad computer, cinwaanka IP ah, waxa kale oo aad arki doonaa beerihiinna sida maaskaro subnet, albaab default, iyo sidoo kale server hal ama in ka badan DNS, halkii, cinwaanada ay. Waayo, uninitiated ah, macluumaadka oo dhan u matalaan kaliya wareeray tirooyinka, laakiin haddii aad qorshaynayso in ay la goob qaban shabakadaha computer ku salaysan hab maamuuska TCP / IP, aad ee shuruudahan waa in aad wax yar ka badan ku ogaan.

A ereyo kooban oo ku saabsan IP-cinwaanada

Ka hor inta aanu quusin galay kaymaha iyo sharaxo waxa maaskaro subnet ah, waa in waxaannu xusuusan nahay in ay tahay IP-address waa: Maxaad samaynaysaan oo tiro ka mid ah waxa ku jira, iyo waxa la qiimeeyo waxay qaadan karaan. Horumariyo Boos hal dhibic: dhammaan macluumaadka ku jira qodobkan la maamuuska IPv4 ku samayn doonaa, tan iyo markii ay uu ahaa kii maanta ayaa weli ugu "ordaya".

Sayidka, IP-address ka kooban afar lambar, kuwaasoo mid walba uu qaadan kartaa qiimaha ka eber ilaa 255. Ma aha lagama maarmaan in ay professor ka mid ah xisaabta, si loo xisaabiyo, kaliya waxaa laga yaabaa in wax yar ka badan afar bilyan oo isku. qalab kasta ee network TCP / IP uu leeyahay cinwaan la mid ah, iyadoo aan loo eegin waxa u shaqeeya waxa qabata - haddii ay tahay a printer network, router, ADSL-router ama phone smart in qalabka network waa la xiri doonaa oo kaliya haddii ay noqon doonto isku xigxiga oo gaar ah oo dhan isla afarta lambar.

cinwaanada Local

Haddii ay jirto in aad guriga wax ka badan hal computer, aad u badan tahay ogaaday in cinwaanada oo dhan waxay leeyihiin badan ka wadaagaan - inta farqiga u dhaxeeya waa kaliya in god ee la soo dhaafay, tusaale ahaan, haddii mid ka mid ah aad computer ayaa cinwaanka 192.168.1.10, ka dibna qasac labaad noqon 192.168.1.9. xaaladda Tani waa arrin dabiici ah shabakadaha guriga, maxaa yeelay, xogta cinwaanka - gudaha. Waxay waxaa loo isticmaalaa si ay u gudbiyaan xogta gudahood network gurigaaga, sida dhexeeya kombiyuutarada. Maxaa dhacaya in kuwa daqiiqado marka aad u baahan tahay si aad u hesho macluumaad ka internetka?

albaab

Inta aanad bilaabin si ay uga jawaabaan su'aasha ah waxa a mask subnet, waa in aad la maada kale network qabtaan - albaab. Sida aad ogtahay, in ay computer gurigaaga si ay u tagaan World Wide Web, waxa loo baahan yahay albaab ah - door uu sida caadiga ah u ciyaaro mid ka mid router ama modem ah, ama (haddii ay wada hadal ma aha ee guriga ku saabsan, iyo shaqada) server. Marka aad weydiiso bogga web kasta, your computer aqoonsan tahay in server waa in aad raadinayso in network gurigaaga. Haddii uu jiro (tusaale ahaan, haddii aad sii goobta on mid ka mid ah kombiyuutarada ay), waxba ma aha, in fact, wax badan oo dhacaya - kombiyuutarada la dhiso xiriir ah iyada oo loo marayo shabakad maxalliga ah iyo bilaabaan gudbinta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii aad isku daydo in la furo goobta, oo ku yaalla on server fog, in kiiska soo galo albaabka.

Waa maxay maaskaro subnet ah?

Sidaas awgeed, waxaan helayso in ay xirto su'aasha waxa maaskaro subnet ah. Dhab ahaantii, waa guudmar kooban oo waxa kombiyuutarada yihiin shabakad isku mid ah la idinkaa, kaas oo u baahan la xidhiidha albaab ah. Waji - qaab superimposed on a IP-address computer oo ay doonayso in ay ku xirmaan. Haddii hannaanka "habsami u dhaco," waa dhab oo dhan, laakiinse haddii aan - codsiga loo soo diray in ay qalab ka diiwaan gashan in network sida goobaha albaab default.

Waa maxay maaskaro subnet ah?

Haddii aad tahay network celcelis ahaan guriga user ka kooban kombiyuutarada badan, oo waa albaab ah internetka, ka dibna maaskaro subnet aad u badan tahay in ay eegaan sida: 255.255.255.0. Tirooyinkan - waxa loogu yeero maaskaro subnet yahay 24, taasoo muujinaysa in haddii saddex lambar ugu horeysay ee la cinwaankaaga kulan IP-address ah, waxaa si toos ah heli karaa.

By habka, tusaale ahaan ka mid ah 255.255.255.0 waa khusayso oo keliya haddii aad la ah hababka fudud oo caan ah hawlgalka sida Windows ka qabashada. Nidaamka Linux ku salaysan isla, oo ay ku jiraan Android ku caan iyo xoojisay, wuxuu isticmaalaa hab ka yara duwan taas oo maaskaro subnet ah ayaa lagu wadaa tiro hal ama laba god ah. Tusaalaha kor ku xusan, tirada sida waa 24.

waxaa suurtagal ah in ay bartaan maaskaro subnet ah?

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in arrintan ay tahay hoos yar hal dhibic, dadka isticmaala ma joojin in ay weydiiso in ay baadhaan matoorada. Go'aaminta maaskaro subnet of IP durba waa wax aan macquul aheyn, tan iyo, ku salaysan IP-address ka mid ah oo kaliya, ma suurtowdo in la sheego nooca miisaanka waa shabakad agtaada ah ama qaybiyey. Qayb ahaan in kiisaska noocaas ah ayaa kaa caawin kara macluumaadka ku saabsan albaab, tusaale ahaan, haddii aad computer ayaa 192.168.1.2 cinwaanka, iyo albaab - 192.168.0.1, maaskaro subnet waa in ay ahaataa ugu yaraan 255.255.0.0, haddii kale albaab u noqon doonaa haleeli.

Guud ahaan, IP-address iyo maaskaro subnet ficil ahaan waxba u qaban leeyihiin, ama halkii, ma ka heli kartaa mid ka yar oo kale. network computer waa lagama maarmaan in la shaqeeyaan labada koobin in la abuuro xiriir guul leh qalab gaar ah.

The khaladaad qiimaha

Maxaa dhici kara haddii aad qalad samayso? Iyada oo ku saleysan xaqiiqda ah in aan hadda ogahay in sida maaskaro subnet ah, baad u odhan kartaa iyadoo la hubo, haddii loo dhigay si qaldan, waxaa jira suurtagalnimada weyn in aad computer la gooyn doonaa dunida ka baxsan. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad soo gashid sida maaskaro 0.0.0.0, nidaamka qalliinka qaadan doonaa wax kasta oo IP-address ee maxaliga ah iyo xitaa aan isku dayi doonaa in ay isticmaalaan albaabka taas oo u horseedi doonaa in khasaaraha ka mid ah fursadaha in la kombiyuutarada baxsan network degaanka xiriiraan.

Haddii aan ka dhigi qalad kale, la tilmaamayo aad "dhow" maaskaro subnet ah, ka dibna aad computer laga yaabaa in ay dhibaato waayo-aragnimo hore u xidhiidhinaya ah "deriska" ee LAN ah - xataa haddii aad u noqon oo IP deegaanka, maaskaro subnet tilmaamaya marin u heli doonaan in in ay suuragal ah keliya iyada oo albaabka, oo u horseedi karaa in load kordhaysa on shabakad ama la waayey ee waadaxa ah ee kombiyuutarada ee "lokalke".

Dhawaaq maaskaro subnet

nidaamyada hawlgalka kala duwan u isticmaalaan habab ku haboon si ay Soon ee maaskaro shabakadda. Iyadoo in Windows qoraal caadiga ah waxaa loo arkaa inay calaamad u tahay of afar lambar sideed-yara, iyo nidaamyada kale ee ka hawlgala, gaar ahaan ku salaysan Unix, lacag rikoor isticmaalka ku salaysan cayimista u-IP address of Kundarbetsplats ah, iyo sidoo kale tirada jajabka waa hadhay ma guurto ah.

Ka fiirso tusaale ahaan gaar ah. Iyada oo IP-address 192.168.111.222 iyo sheegaya in miridhkiisu ka guurto ah waa 32, waxaan ka heli galo soo socda: 192.168.111.222/32. In tababar, taas macnaheedu waa in computer isticmaali doonaa albaab la heli karo in ay ku xidhmaan computer kasta oo kale oo isaga ka. Tani waxay dhacdaa sababtoo ah 32 - tani tirada guud ee jajabka ay ku jiraan ka-IP address of version afraad ee maamuuska waa. Haddii aan ka fiirsan in waji xidhkani uu in ka badan la yaqaan in inta badan dadka sida (sida in OS Windows), waxa ay u ekaan 255.255.255.255.

Maxaa ku saabsan version more caan ah maaskaro subnet ah, taas oo loo isticmaalayo in läns ugu gudaha aqalka? wadahadalka, dabcan, waa su'aal ah 255.255.255.0. Haddii aad si taxadar leh u akhri maqaalkan, wax ku saabsan in waji xidhkani uu hore hadalka, iyo tirada jajabka ay go'an waa 24 (t. E. saddex lambar koowaad ee 8 gelinno).

Sidaas darteed, waxaa suurtagal ah si ay u fuliyaan a silsilad macquul fudud - lambarka kasta go'an xisaabaadka 8 gelinno, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in la mid ah waxaa loo qori doonaa sida 255.0.0.0 / 8, sida ay diiwaan kaliya tirada ugu horeysay.

Sida for this dhexe, tus, 255.255.255.128, si qoto dheer xoogaa ay sidoo kale waa ay fududahay in xisaabinta, kiiskan, / 25 - 24, saddexda gelinno ugu horeysay ee tiro duubay, iyo waxoogaa kale oo kala qaybinaya qeybta ka bilaabmaysa 0 ilaa 255 si sax ah qeybtii.

Haddii aad u baahan fursado dheeraad ah iyo tusaalayaal, waxaad had iyo jeer ku bixin kartaa dareenka ilo gaar ah. Bogagga ay u heelan yihiin inay mawduuca of this article, waxaa jira miis ka waji subnet, oo ay ku jiraan dhammaan isku duwidda suurto galka ah ee isku xigxigta, kuwan.